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Eurosurveillance, Volume 21, Issue 42, 20 October 2016
Surveillance and outbreak report
Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effective against influenza A(H3N2) variant viruses in children during the 2014/15 season, Japan
N Sugaya 1 , M Shinjoh 2 , C Kawakami 3 , Y Yamaguchi 4 , M Yoshida 5 , H Baba 6 , M Ishikawa 7 , M Kono 8 , S Sekiguchi 2 , T Kimiya 9 , K Mitamura 10 , M Fujino 11 , O Komiyama 12 , N Yoshida 13 , K Tsunematsu 14 , A Narabayashi 15 , Y Nakata 16 , A Sato 17 , N Taguchi 1 , H Fujita 18 , M Toki 19 , M Myokai 20 , I Ookawara 21 , T Takahashi 2
+ Author affiliations
1. Keiyu Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
2. Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
3. Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
4. National Hospital Organization, Tochigi Medical Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
5. Sano Kousei General Hospital, Sano, Tochigi, Japan
6. Fuji Heavy Industries Health Insurance Society Ota Memorial Hospital, Ota, Gunma, Japan
7. Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
8. National Hospital Organization Saitama National Hospital, Wako, Saitama, Japan
9. Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
10. Eiju General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
11. Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
12. National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
13. Kyosai Tachikawa Hospital, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
14. Hino Municipal Hospital, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
15. Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
16. Nippon Kokan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
17. Yokohama Municipal Citizen's hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
18. Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
19. Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
20. Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
21. Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
Correspondence: Norio Sugaya (sugaya-n@za2.so-net.ne.jp)
Citation style for this article: Sugaya N, Shinjoh M, Kawakami C, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshida M, Baba H, Ishikawa M, Kono M, Sekiguchi S, Kimiya T, Mitamura K, Fujino M, Komiyama O, Yoshida N, Tsunematsu K, Narabayashi A, Nakata Y, Sato A, Taguchi N, Fujita H, Toki M, Myokai M, Ookawara I, Takahashi T. Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effective against influenza A(H3N2) variant viruses in children during the 2014/15 season, Japan. Euro Surveill. 2016;21(42):pii=30377. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.42.30377
Received:29 December 2015; Accepted:25 June 2016
The 2014/15 influenza season in Japan was characterised by predominant influenza A(H3N2) activity; 99% of influenza A viruses detected were A(H3N2). Subclade 3C.2a viruses were the major epidemic A(H3N2) viruses, and were genetically distinct from A/New York/39/2012(H3N2) of 2014/15 vaccine strain in Japan, which was classified as clade 3C.1. We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children aged 6 months to 15 years by test-negative case?control design based on influenza rapid diagnostic test. Between November 2014 and March 2015, a total of 3,752 children were enrolled: 1,633 tested positive for influenza A and 42 for influenza B, and 2,077 tested negative. Adjusted VE was 38% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 28 to 46) against influenza virus infection overall, 37% (95% CI: 27 to 45) against influenza A, and 47% (95% CI: -2 to 73) against influenza B. However, IIV was not statistically significantly effective against influenza A in infants aged 6 to 11 months or adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. VE in preventing hospitalisation for influenza A infection was 55% (95% CI: 42 to 64). Trivalent IIV that included A/New York/39/2012(H3N2) was effective against drifted influenza A(H3N2) virus, although vaccine mismatch resulted in low VE.
full article
Surveillance and outbreak report
Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effective against influenza A(H3N2) variant viruses in children during the 2014/15 season, Japan
N Sugaya 1 , M Shinjoh 2 , C Kawakami 3 , Y Yamaguchi 4 , M Yoshida 5 , H Baba 6 , M Ishikawa 7 , M Kono 8 , S Sekiguchi 2 , T Kimiya 9 , K Mitamura 10 , M Fujino 11 , O Komiyama 12 , N Yoshida 13 , K Tsunematsu 14 , A Narabayashi 15 , Y Nakata 16 , A Sato 17 , N Taguchi 1 , H Fujita 18 , M Toki 19 , M Myokai 20 , I Ookawara 21 , T Takahashi 2
+ Author affiliations
1. Keiyu Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
2. Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
3. Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
4. National Hospital Organization, Tochigi Medical Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
5. Sano Kousei General Hospital, Sano, Tochigi, Japan
6. Fuji Heavy Industries Health Insurance Society Ota Memorial Hospital, Ota, Gunma, Japan
7. Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
8. National Hospital Organization Saitama National Hospital, Wako, Saitama, Japan
9. Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
10. Eiju General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
11. Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
12. National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
13. Kyosai Tachikawa Hospital, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
14. Hino Municipal Hospital, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
15. Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
16. Nippon Kokan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
17. Yokohama Municipal Citizen's hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
18. Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
19. Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
20. Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
21. Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
Correspondence: Norio Sugaya (sugaya-n@za2.so-net.ne.jp)
Citation style for this article: Sugaya N, Shinjoh M, Kawakami C, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshida M, Baba H, Ishikawa M, Kono M, Sekiguchi S, Kimiya T, Mitamura K, Fujino M, Komiyama O, Yoshida N, Tsunematsu K, Narabayashi A, Nakata Y, Sato A, Taguchi N, Fujita H, Toki M, Myokai M, Ookawara I, Takahashi T. Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effective against influenza A(H3N2) variant viruses in children during the 2014/15 season, Japan. Euro Surveill. 2016;21(42):pii=30377. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.42.30377
Received:29 December 2015; Accepted:25 June 2016
The 2014/15 influenza season in Japan was characterised by predominant influenza A(H3N2) activity; 99% of influenza A viruses detected were A(H3N2). Subclade 3C.2a viruses were the major epidemic A(H3N2) viruses, and were genetically distinct from A/New York/39/2012(H3N2) of 2014/15 vaccine strain in Japan, which was classified as clade 3C.1. We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children aged 6 months to 15 years by test-negative case?control design based on influenza rapid diagnostic test. Between November 2014 and March 2015, a total of 3,752 children were enrolled: 1,633 tested positive for influenza A and 42 for influenza B, and 2,077 tested negative. Adjusted VE was 38% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 28 to 46) against influenza virus infection overall, 37% (95% CI: 27 to 45) against influenza A, and 47% (95% CI: -2 to 73) against influenza B. However, IIV was not statistically significantly effective against influenza A in infants aged 6 to 11 months or adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. VE in preventing hospitalisation for influenza A infection was 55% (95% CI: 42 to 64). Trivalent IIV that included A/New York/39/2012(H3N2) was effective against drifted influenza A(H3N2) virus, although vaccine mismatch resulted in low VE.
full article