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J Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 28. pii: jiw380. [Epub ahead of print]
Seasonal Influenza Vaccination of Children Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Beyond the Current Season: Cross-reactivity with Past and Future Strains.
Reber AJ1, Kim JH2, Coleman LA3, Spencer SM2, Chung JR2, Chen J2, Gargiullo P2, Sundaram ME3, Belongia EA3, Shay DK2, Katz JM2, Sambhara S2.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Influenza viruses gradually accumulate point mutations, reducing effectiveness of prior immune protection.
METHODS:
Children ages 9-14 received 2010-2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Vaccination history, hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers, and cell-mediated immune responses were assessed, investigatng cross-reactivity with past and future strains.
RESULTS:
2010-2011 TIV induced significant T cell responses and HI titers ≥160 with fold-rise ≥4 in the majority of children, maintaining titers ≥100 over 7 months. Pre-existing memory B cells in these children differentiated quickly to antibody secreting cells to the new vaccine antigens. Children vaccinated the previous year maintained high HI titers well into 2010, demonstrating elevated A/Perth/16/2009 (A/Perth/16) HI titers, the future H3N2 (2010-2011) component. Prior vaccination enhanced CD8+ responses to A/Perth/16. Children vaccinated with the prior 2009-2010 seasonal vaccine also demonstrated higher pre-existing CD4+CD69+IFN-γ+ T cells to 2009 pandemic H1N1. Children previously vaccinated with 2009-2010 seasonal influenza vaccine also showed greater expansion of CD8+CD69+TNF-α+ T cells to pandemic H1N1 upon vaccination in the 2010-2011 season than those who were not previously vaccinated.
CONCLUSIONS:
Seasonal influenza viruses continuously drift to circumvent protective immunity, however, conserved epitopes provide immunological cross-reactivity in children through either vaccination directly or through prime/boost in the prior influenza season.
Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
PMID: 27571905 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw380
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Seasonal Influenza Vaccination of Children Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Beyond the Current Season: Cross-reactivity with Past and Future Strains.
Reber AJ1, Kim JH2, Coleman LA3, Spencer SM2, Chung JR2, Chen J2, Gargiullo P2, Sundaram ME3, Belongia EA3, Shay DK2, Katz JM2, Sambhara S2.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Influenza viruses gradually accumulate point mutations, reducing effectiveness of prior immune protection.
METHODS:
Children ages 9-14 received 2010-2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Vaccination history, hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers, and cell-mediated immune responses were assessed, investigatng cross-reactivity with past and future strains.
RESULTS:
2010-2011 TIV induced significant T cell responses and HI titers ≥160 with fold-rise ≥4 in the majority of children, maintaining titers ≥100 over 7 months. Pre-existing memory B cells in these children differentiated quickly to antibody secreting cells to the new vaccine antigens. Children vaccinated the previous year maintained high HI titers well into 2010, demonstrating elevated A/Perth/16/2009 (A/Perth/16) HI titers, the future H3N2 (2010-2011) component. Prior vaccination enhanced CD8+ responses to A/Perth/16. Children vaccinated with the prior 2009-2010 seasonal vaccine also demonstrated higher pre-existing CD4+CD69+IFN-γ+ T cells to 2009 pandemic H1N1. Children previously vaccinated with 2009-2010 seasonal influenza vaccine also showed greater expansion of CD8+CD69+TNF-α+ T cells to pandemic H1N1 upon vaccination in the 2010-2011 season than those who were not previously vaccinated.
CONCLUSIONS:
Seasonal influenza viruses continuously drift to circumvent protective immunity, however, conserved epitopes provide immunological cross-reactivity in children through either vaccination directly or through prime/boost in the prior influenza season.
Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
PMID: 27571905 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw380
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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