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J Infect Dis. 2016 Aug 17. pii: jiw311. [Epub ahead of print]
Cell-mediated immunity against antigenically drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses in children during a vaccine mismatch season.
Kim JH1, Mishina M2, Chung JR3, Cole KS4, Nowalk MP5, Martin JM5, Spencer S3, Flannery B6, Zimmerman RK4, Sambhara S6.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Emergence of drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses resulted in reduced vaccine effectiveness in all age groups during the 2014-15 influenza season. In children, inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) elicited neutralizing antibodies (Abs) against drifted strains at significantly lower levels than against vaccine strain. Little is known about cross-reactivity of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against drifted strains in children.
METHODS:
Children aged 3-17 years (N=48) received IIV during the 2014-15 influenza season. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, collected at pre-and post-vaccination (d0, d7, d21) were evaluated for induction of cross-reactive plasmablasts, memory B cells, and cytokine-secreting CD4 and CD8 T cells against the vaccine and drifted A(H3N2) viruses by ELISPOT assay and flow cytometry.
RESULTS:
IIV increased frequencies of plasmablasts and memory B cells. The overall induction of the T cell response was not significant. Both B cell and T cell responses showed significant cross-reactivity against A(H3N2) viruses. Age and pre-existing immunity affected virus-specific plasmablast responses and fold-rise of T cell responses, respectively. Proportion of TH1-prone (IFNγ or TNFα-secreting) CD4 T cell responses also increased with age.
CONCLUSIONS:
In children aged 3-17 years, B and T cell responses following IIV receipt showed significant cross-reactivity against A(H3N2) viruses during a vaccine mismatch season.
Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
PMID: 27534687 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw311
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Cell-mediated immunity against antigenically drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses in children during a vaccine mismatch season.
Kim JH1, Mishina M2, Chung JR3, Cole KS4, Nowalk MP5, Martin JM5, Spencer S3, Flannery B6, Zimmerman RK4, Sambhara S6.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Emergence of drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses resulted in reduced vaccine effectiveness in all age groups during the 2014-15 influenza season. In children, inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) elicited neutralizing antibodies (Abs) against drifted strains at significantly lower levels than against vaccine strain. Little is known about cross-reactivity of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against drifted strains in children.
METHODS:
Children aged 3-17 years (N=48) received IIV during the 2014-15 influenza season. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, collected at pre-and post-vaccination (d0, d7, d21) were evaluated for induction of cross-reactive plasmablasts, memory B cells, and cytokine-secreting CD4 and CD8 T cells against the vaccine and drifted A(H3N2) viruses by ELISPOT assay and flow cytometry.
RESULTS:
IIV increased frequencies of plasmablasts and memory B cells. The overall induction of the T cell response was not significant. Both B cell and T cell responses showed significant cross-reactivity against A(H3N2) viruses. Age and pre-existing immunity affected virus-specific plasmablast responses and fold-rise of T cell responses, respectively. Proportion of TH1-prone (IFNγ or TNFα-secreting) CD4 T cell responses also increased with age.
CONCLUSIONS:
In children aged 3-17 years, B and T cell responses following IIV receipt showed significant cross-reactivity against A(H3N2) viruses during a vaccine mismatch season.
Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
PMID: 27534687 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw311
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]