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here is a survey about vaccination, useful to understand the recent discussions here.
I haven't yet read, but it seems to cover the terms used here.
Here is a summary of the abstract and conclusion part only:
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01382.x
January 2004
Blackwell Synergy: Scand J Immunol, Vol 59, Issue 1, pp. 1-15:
Influenza Virus: Immunity and Vaccination Strategies.
Comparison of the Immune Response to Inactivated and Live,
Attenuated Influenza Vaccines (Full Text)
Vaccination induces a good degree of protection (60-90% efficacy)
The mucosal tissues of the respiratory tract are the main portal entry
of influenza, and the mucosal immune system provides the first line of
defence against infection. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)
and IgM are the major neutralizing antibodies here.
They work to prevent pathogen entry and can inhibit replication inside cells.
1.) cold-adapted vaccine (CAV) given intranasally/orally
long-lasting, broader immune (humoral and cellular) response,
which more closely resembles natural immunity
2.) inactivated vaccine (IV) delivered subcutanously or intramuscularly
3.) trivalent IV (TIV) elicits good serum antibody responses but
induces poorly mucosal IgA antibody and cell-mediated immunity.
Live CAVs are a promising approach to influenza immunization
that may prevent initial infection with the virus. CAVs are
immunogenic in children (particularly younger children) and
young adults. However, in the elderly, the immune response to
CA is modest, but in combination with TIV, it provides
increased protection from influenza.
I haven't yet read, but it seems to cover the terms used here.
Here is a summary of the abstract and conclusion part only:
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01382.x
January 2004
Blackwell Synergy: Scand J Immunol, Vol 59, Issue 1, pp. 1-15:
Influenza Virus: Immunity and Vaccination Strategies.
Comparison of the Immune Response to Inactivated and Live,
Attenuated Influenza Vaccines (Full Text)
Vaccination induces a good degree of protection (60-90% efficacy)
The mucosal tissues of the respiratory tract are the main portal entry
of influenza, and the mucosal immune system provides the first line of
defence against infection. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)
and IgM are the major neutralizing antibodies here.
They work to prevent pathogen entry and can inhibit replication inside cells.
1.) cold-adapted vaccine (CAV) given intranasally/orally
long-lasting, broader immune (humoral and cellular) response,
which more closely resembles natural immunity
2.) inactivated vaccine (IV) delivered subcutanously or intramuscularly
3.) trivalent IV (TIV) elicits good serum antibody responses but
induces poorly mucosal IgA antibody and cell-mediated immunity.
Live CAVs are a promising approach to influenza immunization
that may prevent initial infection with the virus. CAVs are
immunogenic in children (particularly younger children) and
young adults. However, in the elderly, the immune response to
CA is modest, but in combination with TIV, it provides
increased protection from influenza.