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Heliyon . Outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease versus other lung infections requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

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  • Heliyon . Outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease versus other lung infections requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

    Heliyon


    . 2023 Jun;9(6):e17441.
    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17441. Epub 2023 Jun 17. Outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease versus other lung infections requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

    Boris Kuzmin 1 , Arevik Movsisyan 1 , Florian Praetsch 2 , Thomas Schilling 2 , Anke Lux 3 , Mohammad Fadel 1 , Faranak Azizzadeh 1 , Julia Crackau 1 , Olaf Keyser 1 , George Awad 1 , Thomas Hachenberg 2 , Jens Wippermann 1 , Maximilian Scherner 1



    AffiliationsAbstract

    Background: Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) often develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV), and venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO).Mortality in COVID-19 patients on V-V ECMO was exceptionally high; therefore, whether survival can be ameliorated should be investigated.
    Methods: We collected data from 85 patients with severe ARDS who required ECMO support at the University Hospital Magdeburg from 2014 to 2021. The patients were divided into the COVID-19 group (52 patients) and the non-COVID-19 group (33 patients). Demographic and pre-, intra-, and post-ECMO data were retrospectively recorded. The parameters of mechanical ventilation, laboratory data before using ECMO, and during ECMO were compared.
    Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding survival: 38.5% of COVID-19 patients and 63.6% of non-COVID-19 patients survived 60 days (p = 0.024). COVID-19 patients required V-V ECMO after 6.5 days of MV, while non-COVID-19 patients required V-V ECMO after 2.0 days of MV (p = 0.048). The COVID-19 group had a greater proportion of patients with ischemic heart disease (21.2% vs 3%, p = 0.019). The rates of most complications were comparable in both groups, whereas the COVID-19 group showed a significantly higher rate of cerebral bleeding (23.1 vs 6.1%, p = 0.039) and lung bacterial superinfection (53.8% vs 9.1%, p = <0.001).
    Conclusion: The higher 60-days mortality among patients with COVID-19 with severe ARDS was attributable to superinfection, a higher risk of intracerebral bleeding, and the pre-existing ischemic heart disease.

    Keywords: Acute respiratory failure; Bacterial superinfection; Cerebral bleeding; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Viral pneumonia.

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