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Antiviral Res . Numb-associated kinases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and are cellular targets for antiviral strategies

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  • Antiviral Res . Numb-associated kinases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and are cellular targets for antiviral strategies


    Antiviral Res


    . 2022 Jun 20;105367.
    doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105367. Online ahead of print.
    Numb-associated kinases are required for SARS-CoV-2 infection and are cellular targets for antiviral strategies


    Marwah Karim 1 , Sirle Saul 1 , Luca Ghita 1 , Malaya Kumar Sahoo 2 , Chengjin Ye 3 , Nishank Bhalla 4 , Chieh Wen Lo 1 , Jing Jin 5 , Jun-Gyu Park 3 , Belén Martinez-Gualda 6 , Michael Patrick East 7 , Gary L Johnson 8 , Benjamin A Pinsky 9 , Luis Martinez-Sobrido 3 , Christopher R M Asquith 10 , Aarthi Narayanan 4 , Steven De Jonghe 6 , Shirit Einav 11



    Affiliations

    Abstract

    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose serious threats to global health. We previously reported that AAK1, BIKE and GAK, members of the Numb-associated kinase family, control intracellular trafficking of multiple RNA viruses during viral entry and assembly/egress. Here, using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we probe the functional relevance of NAKs for SARS-CoV-2 infection. siRNA-mediated depletion of AAK1, BIKE, GAK, and STK16, the fourth member of the NAK family, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial cells. Both known and novel small molecules with potent AAK1/BIKE, GAK or STK16 activity suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, combination treatment with the approved anti-cancer drugs, sunitinib and erlotinib, with potent anti-AAK1/BIKE and GAK activity, respectively, demonstrated synergistic effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that pharmacological inhibition of AAK1 and BIKE suppressed viral entry as well as late stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Lastly, suppression of NAKs expression by siRNAs inhibited entry of both wild type and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. These findings provide insight into the roles of NAKs in SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish a proof-of-principle that pharmacological inhibition of NAKs can be potentially used as a host-targeted approach to treat SARS-CoV-2 with potential implications to other coronaviruses.

    Keywords: Host-targeted antivirals; Kinase inhibitors; Numb-associated kinases; SARS-CoV-2.

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