J Med Virol . Severe neonatal COVID-19: challenges in management and therapeutic approach

[tetano]

J Med Virol


. 2021 Nov 23.
doi: 10.1002/jmv.27472. Online ahead of print.
Severe neonatal COVID-19: challenges in management and therapeutic approach


Concetta Marsico ^{1 2} , Maria Grazia Capretti ² , Arianna Aceti ^{1 2} , Caterina Vocale ³ , Filomena Carfagnini ⁴ , Carla Serra ⁵ , Caterina Campoli ⁶ , Tiziana Lazzarotto ⁷ , Luigi Corvaglia ^{1 2}



Affiliations

• PMID: 34812530
• DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27472

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may manifest as a life-threatening respiratory infection with systemic complications. Clinical manifestations among children are generally less severe than those seen in adults, but critical cases have increasingly been reported in infants less than one year of age. We report a severe case of neonatal COVID-19 requiring intensive cares and mechanical ventilation, further complicated by a multidrug resistant Enterobacter asburiae super-infection. Chest X-rays, lung ultrasound and chest computed tomography revealed an extensive interstitial pneumonia with multiple consolidations, associated with persistent increased work of breathing and feeding difficulties. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in respiratory specimens and stools, but not in other biological samples, with a rapid clearance in stools. Serological tests demonstrated a specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody response mounted by the neonate and sustained over time. Therapeutic approach included the use of enoxaparin and steroids which may have contributed to the bacterial complication, underlying the challenges in managing neonatal COVID-19, where the balance between viral replication and immunomodulation may be even more challenging than in older ages. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Keywords: COVID-19; interstitial pneumonia; neonatal sepsis; neonates; severe acute respiratory syndrome 2.