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Expert Opin Biol Ther
. 2020 Nov 7.
doi: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1847269. Online ahead of print.
A Comprehensive Review on Sarilumab in COVID-19
Sajad Khiali 1 , Afra Rezagholizadeh 1 , Taher Entezari-Maleki 1 2
Affiliations
- PMID: 33161757
- DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1847269
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread all around the world. Despite the emergency of COVID-19 worldwide, remdesivir is the only treatment that has been recently approved to treat the diseases, and other effective therapies are still lacking. SARS-CoV-2 may cause severe illness in 20% of patients. Based on available data, there is an association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and severe COVID-19. Sarilumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody binding to both membrane-bound and soluble IL-6 receptors with high affinity and has been considered for off-label use in the treatment of COVID-19. Areas covered: The present article reviews recently published literature focusing on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 induced cytokine storm, the potential therapeutic role, and important clinical issues of sarilumab in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Expert opinion: The off-label treatment administration is unavoidable in the critical situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further efforts should be directed to determine mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 induced immune dysregulation as well as indications of sarilumab in the patients with COVID-19 to minimize concerns regarding its off-label administration.
Keywords: COVID-19; IL-6; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine release syndrome; end-organ damage; multi-organ damage; sarilumab.