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Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus infection by zinc oxide nanoparticles: another emerging application of nanomedicine

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  • Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus infection by zinc oxide nanoparticles: another emerging application of nanomedicine

    J Biomed Sci. 2019 Sep 10;26(1):70. doi: 10.1186/s12929-019-0563-4.
    Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus infection by zinc oxide nanoparticles: another emerging application of nanomedicine.

    Ghaffari H1, Tavakoli A1, Moradi A2, Tabarraei A2, Bokharaei-Salim F1, Zahmatkeshan M3,4, Farahmand M5, Javanmard D1, Kiani SJ1, Esghaei M1, Pirhajati-Mahabadi V3,6, Ataei-Pirkooh A7, Monavari SH8.
    Author information

    1 Department of Medical Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. 3 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4 Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5 Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6 Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 7 Department of Medical Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ataei.a@iums.ac.ir. 8 Department of Medical Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Monavari.hr@iums.ac.ir.

    Abstract

    BACKGROUND:

    Currently available anti-influenza drugs are often associated with limitations such as toxicity and the appearance of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of novel, safe and more efficient antiviral agents. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and PEGylated zinc oxide nanoparticles against H1N1 influenza virus.
    METHODS:

    The nanoparticles were characterized using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, x-ray diffraction analysis, and electron microscopy. MTT assay was applied to assess the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles, and anti-influenza activity was determined by TCID50 and quantitative Real-Time PCR assays. To study the inhibitory impact of nanoparticles on the expression of viral antigens, an indirect immunofluorescence assay was also performed.
    RESULTS:

    Post-exposure of influenza virus with PEGylated ZnO-NPs and bare ZnO-NPs at the highest non-toxic concentrations could be led to 2.8 and 1.2 log10 TCID50 reduction in virus titer when compared to the virus control, respectively (P < 0.0001). At the highest non-toxic concentrations, the PEGylated and unPEGylated ZnO-NPs led to inhibition rates of 94.6 and 52.2%, respectively, which were calculated based on the viral loads. There was a substantial decrease in fluorescence emission intensity in viral-infected cell treated with PEGylated ZnO-NPs compared to the positive control.
    CONCLUSIONS:

    Taken together, our study indicated that PEGylated ZnO-NPs could be a novel, effective, and promising antiviral agent against H1N1 influenza virus infection, and future studies can be designed to explore the exact antiviral mechanism of these nanoparticles.


    KEYWORDS:

    Antiviral activity; H1N1 influenza; Polyethylene glycol; Zinc oxide nanoparticle

    PMID: 31500628 PMCID: PMC6734352 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0563-4
    Free PMC Article
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