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Effect of Vitamin D supplementation to reduce respiratory infections in children and adolescents in Vietnam: a randomized controlled trial

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  • Effect of Vitamin D supplementation to reduce respiratory infections in children and adolescents in Vietnam: a randomized controlled trial

    Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2018 Oct 16. doi: 10.1111/irv.12615. [Epub ahead of print]
    Effect of Vitamin D supplementation to reduce respiratory infections in children and adolescents in Vietnam: a randomized controlled trial.

    Loeb M1, Dang AD2, Thiem VD3, Thanabalan V4, Wang B4, Nguyen NB5, Tran HTM2, Luong TM2, Singh P4, Smieja M4, Maguire J6, Pullenayegum E7.
    Author information

    Abstract

    BACKGROUND:

    It is uncertain whether Vitamin D can reduce respiratory infection.
    OBJECTIVE:

    To determine if vitamin D supplementation reduces influenza and other upper viral respiratory tract infections.
    METHODS:

    1,300 healthy children and adolescents between the ages of 3 and 17 years were randomized to vitamin D (14,000U weekly) or placebo for eight months in Vietnam. The primary outcome was reverse transcriptase (RT) -PCR confirmed influenza infection and the co-primary outcome was multiplex PCR confirmed non-influenza respiratory viruses. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment.
    RESULTS:

    650 children and adolescents were randomly assigned to vitamin D and 650 to placebo. The mean baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 65.7 nmol/L and 65.2 nmol/L in the intervention and placebo groups respectively, with an increase to 91.8 nmol/L in the vitamin D group and no increase, 64.5 nmol/L, in the placebo group. All 1,300 participants randomized contributed to the analysis. We observed RT-PCR confirmed influenza A or B occurred in 50 children (7.7%) in the vitamin D group and in 43 (6.6%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95%CI 0.79 to 1.78). RT-PCR confirmed non-influenza respiratory virus infection occurred in 146 (22.5%) in the vitamin D group and in 185 (28.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.94). When considering all respiratory viruses, including influenza, the effect of vitamin D in reducing infection was significant, HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.99.
    CONCLUSION:

    Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce the incidence of influenza but moderately reduced non-influenza respiratory viral infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


    KEYWORDS:

    Influenza; randomized trial; respiratory viruses; vitamin D

    PMID: 30328294 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12615
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