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Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 29;9(1):17965. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54059-4. Respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza and influenza virus infection in young children with acute lower respiratory infection in rural Gambia.
Mackenzie GA1,2,3,4, Vilane A5, Salaudeen R5, Hogerwerf L6, van den Brink S7, Wijsman LA7, Overduin P7, Janssens TKS7, de Silva TI5,8, van der Sande MAB6,9,10, Kampmann B5,11, Meijer A7.
Author information
1 Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia. gmackenzie@mrc.gm. 2 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. gmackenzie@mrc.gm. 3 Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. gmackenzie@mrc.gm. 4 Institut de Recherche en Sant?, de Surveillance Epid?miologique et de Formations, Dakar, Senegal. gmackenzie@mrc.gm. 5 Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia. 6 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. 7 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and laboratory Surveillance, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. 8 Centre of International Child Health, Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK. 9 Department of Public Health, The Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. 10 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. 11 The Vaccine Centre, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, but representative data from sub-Saharan Africa are needed to inform vaccination strategies. We conducted population-based surveillance in rural Gambia using standardized criteria to identify and investigate children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). Naso- and oropharyngeal swabs were collected. Each month from February through December 2015, specimens from 50 children aged 2-23 months were randomly selected to test for respiratory syncytial (RSV), parainfluenza (PIV) and influenza viruses. The expected number of viral-associated ALRI cases in the population was estimated using statistical simulation that accounted for the sampling design. RSV G and F proteins and influenza hemagglutinin genes were sequenced. 2385 children with ALRI were enrolled, 519 were randomly selected for viral testing. One or more viruses were detected in 303/519 children (58.4%). RSV-A was detected in 237 and RSV-B in seven. The expected incidence of ALRI associated with RSV, PIV or influenza was 140 cases (95% CI, 131-149) per 1000 person-years; RSV incidence was 112 cases (95% CI, 102-122) per 1000 person-years. Multiple strains of RSV and influenza circulated during the year. RSV circulated throughout most of the year and was associated with eight times the number of ALRI cases compared to PIV or IV. Gambian RSV viruses were closely related to viruses detected in other continents. An effective RSV vaccination strategy could have a major impact on the burden of ALRI in this setting.
PMID: 31784567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54059-4
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