Effect of omega-3 rich diet on the response of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) infected with Newcastle disease virus or avian influenza virus H9N2

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Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 9;228:108668. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108668. [Epub ahead of print] Effect of omega-3 rich diet on the response of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) infected with Newcastle disease virus or avian influenza virus H9N2.

Awadin WF¹, Eladl AH², El-Shafei RA³, El-Adl MA⁴, Aziza AE⁵, Ali HS⁶, Saif MA⁷.
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1 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. 2 Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. 3 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Electronic address: dr_reham16@yahoo.com. 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. 5 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. 6 Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura branch, Egypt. 7 Researcher of Virology, Reference Laboratory of Quality Control of Poultry Production (Gamasa)- Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt.

Abstract

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 supplementation on growth performance, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres, gene expression and histopathology in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2. One hundred, 40-day-old male quails were divided into 5 groups: G1, fed a control basal diet; G2A, infected with NDV; G2B, infected with H9N2; G3A, infected with NDV and given omega-3, and G3B, infected with H9N2 and given omega-3. The dietary omega-3 supplementation was continued for 4 weeks: two weeks before infection and two weeks after intranasal infection with virulent NDV and AIV H9N2. Our results revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in growth performance, HI antibody titres, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, mortality, viral shedding rates, immunological parameters, and histopathological lesions between the treated (G3A and G3B) and untreated (G2A and G2B) groups. In conclusion, dietary omega-3 supplementation for 4 weeks can improve growth performance and alleviate the deleterious immunological and pathological effects of NDV and AIV H9N2 infection in quails.
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KEYWORDS:

AIV-H9N2; Gene expression; Histopathology; NDV; Omega-3; Quails

PMID: 31712184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108668