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Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2018 Sep 14. doi: 10.1111/irv.12610. [Epub ahead of print]
Antigenic evolution of H3N2 influenza A viruses in swine in the United States from 2012 to 2016.
Bolton MJ1, Abente EJ1, Venkatesh D2, Stratton JA1, Zeller M1,3, Anderson TK1, Lewis NS2, Vincent AL1.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Six amino acid positions (145, 155, 156, 158, 159 and 189, referred to as the antigenic motif; H3 numbering) in the globular head region of hemagglutinin (HA1 domain) play an important role in defining the antigenic phenotype of swine Clade IV (C-IV) H3N2 IAV, containing an H3 from a late 1990s human-to-swine introduction. We hypothesized that antigenicity of a swine C-IV H3 virus could be inferred based upon the antigenic motif if it matched a previously characterized antigen with the same motif. An increasing number of C-IV H3 genes encoding antigenic motifs that had not been previously characterized were observed in the U.S. pig population between 2012-2016.
OBJECTIVES:
A broad panel of contemporary H3 viruses with uncharacterized antigenic motifs were selected across multiple clades within C-IV to assess the impact of HA1 genetic diversity on the antigenic phenotype.
METHODS:
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed with isolates selected based on antigenic motif, tested against a panel of swine anti-sera, and visualized by antigenic cartography.
RESULTS:
A previously uncharacterized motif with low but sustained circulation in the swine population demonstrated a distinct phenotype from those previously characterized. Antigenic variation increased for viruses with similar antigenic motifs, likely due to amino acid substitutions outside the motif.
CONCLUSIONS:
Although antigenic motifs were largely associated with antigenic distances, substantial diversity among co-circulating viruses poses a significant challenge for effective vaccine development. Continued surveillance and antigenic characterization of circulating strains is critical for improving vaccine efforts to control C-IV H3 IAV in U.S. swine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
H3N2; antigenic cartography; antigenic evolution; influenza A virus; swine
PMID: 30216671 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12610
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Antigenic evolution of H3N2 influenza A viruses in swine in the United States from 2012 to 2016.
Bolton MJ1, Abente EJ1, Venkatesh D2, Stratton JA1, Zeller M1,3, Anderson TK1, Lewis NS2, Vincent AL1.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Six amino acid positions (145, 155, 156, 158, 159 and 189, referred to as the antigenic motif; H3 numbering) in the globular head region of hemagglutinin (HA1 domain) play an important role in defining the antigenic phenotype of swine Clade IV (C-IV) H3N2 IAV, containing an H3 from a late 1990s human-to-swine introduction. We hypothesized that antigenicity of a swine C-IV H3 virus could be inferred based upon the antigenic motif if it matched a previously characterized antigen with the same motif. An increasing number of C-IV H3 genes encoding antigenic motifs that had not been previously characterized were observed in the U.S. pig population between 2012-2016.
OBJECTIVES:
A broad panel of contemporary H3 viruses with uncharacterized antigenic motifs were selected across multiple clades within C-IV to assess the impact of HA1 genetic diversity on the antigenic phenotype.
METHODS:
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed with isolates selected based on antigenic motif, tested against a panel of swine anti-sera, and visualized by antigenic cartography.
RESULTS:
A previously uncharacterized motif with low but sustained circulation in the swine population demonstrated a distinct phenotype from those previously characterized. Antigenic variation increased for viruses with similar antigenic motifs, likely due to amino acid substitutions outside the motif.
CONCLUSIONS:
Although antigenic motifs were largely associated with antigenic distances, substantial diversity among co-circulating viruses poses a significant challenge for effective vaccine development. Continued surveillance and antigenic characterization of circulating strains is critical for improving vaccine efforts to control C-IV H3 IAV in U.S. swine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
H3N2; antigenic cartography; antigenic evolution; influenza A virus; swine
PMID: 30216671 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12610
Free full text