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nfluenza Other Respir Viruses. 2017 Oct 9. doi: 10.1111/irv.12506. [Epub ahead of print] Effects of seasonal and pandemic influenza on health-related quality of life, work and school absence in England: results from the Flu Watch cohort study.
Fragaszy EB1,2, Warren-Gash C2, White PJ3,4, Zambon M5, Edmunds WJ2, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS6, Hayward AC1,7; Flu Watch Group.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Estimates of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work/school absences for influenza are typically based on medically-attended cases or those meeting influenza-like-illness (ILI) case definitions, and thus biased towards severe disease. Although community influenza cases are more common, estimates of their effects on HRQoL and absences are limited.
OBJECTIVES:
To measure Quality-Adjusted Life Days and Years (QALDs and QALYs) lost and work/school absences among community cases of acute respiratory infections (ARI), ILI and influenza A and B and to estimate community burden of QALY loss and absences from influenza.
PATIENTS/ METHODS:
Flu Watch was a community cohort in England from 2006-2011. Participants were followed-up weekly. During respiratory illness they prospectively recorded daily symptoms, work/school absences and EQ-5D-3L data and submitted nasal swabs for RT-PCR influenza testing.
RESULTS:
Average QALD lost was 0.26, 0.93, 1.61 and 1.84 for ARI, ILI, H1N1pdm09 and influenza B cases respectively. 40% of influenza A cases and 24% of influenza B cases took time off work/school with an average duration of 3.6 days and 2.4 days respectively. In England, community influenza cases lost 24,300 QALYs in 2010/11 and had an estimated 2.9 million absences per season based on data from 2006/07 - 2009/10.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our QALDs and QALYs lost and work and school absence estimates are lower than previous estimates because we focus on community cases, most of which are mild, may not meet ILI definitions and do not result in healthcare consultations. Nevertheless, they contribute a substantial loss of HRQoL on a population level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Cohort Studies; Costs and Cost Analysis; EQ-5D; Human; Influenza; Quality of Life; Respiratory Tract Infections; Work and school absences
PMID: 28991409 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12506
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Fragaszy EB1,2, Warren-Gash C2, White PJ3,4, Zambon M5, Edmunds WJ2, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS6, Hayward AC1,7; Flu Watch Group.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Estimates of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work/school absences for influenza are typically based on medically-attended cases or those meeting influenza-like-illness (ILI) case definitions, and thus biased towards severe disease. Although community influenza cases are more common, estimates of their effects on HRQoL and absences are limited.
OBJECTIVES:
To measure Quality-Adjusted Life Days and Years (QALDs and QALYs) lost and work/school absences among community cases of acute respiratory infections (ARI), ILI and influenza A and B and to estimate community burden of QALY loss and absences from influenza.
PATIENTS/ METHODS:
Flu Watch was a community cohort in England from 2006-2011. Participants were followed-up weekly. During respiratory illness they prospectively recorded daily symptoms, work/school absences and EQ-5D-3L data and submitted nasal swabs for RT-PCR influenza testing.
RESULTS:
Average QALD lost was 0.26, 0.93, 1.61 and 1.84 for ARI, ILI, H1N1pdm09 and influenza B cases respectively. 40% of influenza A cases and 24% of influenza B cases took time off work/school with an average duration of 3.6 days and 2.4 days respectively. In England, community influenza cases lost 24,300 QALYs in 2010/11 and had an estimated 2.9 million absences per season based on data from 2006/07 - 2009/10.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our QALDs and QALYs lost and work and school absence estimates are lower than previous estimates because we focus on community cases, most of which are mild, may not meet ILI definitions and do not result in healthcare consultations. Nevertheless, they contribute a substantial loss of HRQoL on a population level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Cohort Studies; Costs and Cost Analysis; EQ-5D; Human; Influenza; Quality of Life; Respiratory Tract Infections; Work and school absences
PMID: 28991409 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12506
Free full text