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Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2016 Oct 18. doi: 10.1111/irv.12434. [Epub ahead of print]
Estimation of influenza attributable medically attended acute respiratory illness by influenza type/subtype and age; Germany, 2001/02-2014/15.
An der Heiden M1, Buchholz U2.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The total burden of influenza in primary care is difficult to assess. The case definition of medically attended "acute respiratory infection" (MAARI) in the German physician sentinel is sensitive, however it requires modelling techniques to derive estimates of disease attributable to influenza. We aimed to examine the impact of type/subtype and age.
METHODS:
Data on MAARI and virological results of respiratory samples (virological sentinel) were available from 2001/02 until 2014/15. We constructed a generalized additive regression model for the periodic baseline and the secular trend. The weekly number of influenza-positive samples represented influenza activity. In a second step we distributed the estimated influenza-attributable MAARI (iMAARI) according to the distribution of types/subtypes in the virological sentinel.
RESULTS:
Season-specific iMAARI ranged from 0.7% - 8.9% of the population. Seasons with the strongest impact were dominated by A(H3), iMAARI attack rate of the pandemic 2009 (A(H1)pdm09) was 4.9%. Regularly the two child age groups (0-4 and 5-14 year old) had the highest iMAARI attack rates reaching frequently levels up to 15-20%. Influenza B affected the age group of 5-14 year old children substantially more than any other age group. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated both comparability and stability of the model.
CONCLUSION:
We constructed a model that is well suited to estimate the substantial impact of influenza on the primary care sector. A(H3) causes overall the greatest number of iMAARI, and influenza B has an outstanding impact on school age children. The model may incorporate time series of other pathogens as they become available. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 27754611 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12434
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Free full text
Estimation of influenza attributable medically attended acute respiratory illness by influenza type/subtype and age; Germany, 2001/02-2014/15.
An der Heiden M1, Buchholz U2.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The total burden of influenza in primary care is difficult to assess. The case definition of medically attended "acute respiratory infection" (MAARI) in the German physician sentinel is sensitive, however it requires modelling techniques to derive estimates of disease attributable to influenza. We aimed to examine the impact of type/subtype and age.
METHODS:
Data on MAARI and virological results of respiratory samples (virological sentinel) were available from 2001/02 until 2014/15. We constructed a generalized additive regression model for the periodic baseline and the secular trend. The weekly number of influenza-positive samples represented influenza activity. In a second step we distributed the estimated influenza-attributable MAARI (iMAARI) according to the distribution of types/subtypes in the virological sentinel.
RESULTS:
Season-specific iMAARI ranged from 0.7% - 8.9% of the population. Seasons with the strongest impact were dominated by A(H3), iMAARI attack rate of the pandemic 2009 (A(H1)pdm09) was 4.9%. Regularly the two child age groups (0-4 and 5-14 year old) had the highest iMAARI attack rates reaching frequently levels up to 15-20%. Influenza B affected the age group of 5-14 year old children substantially more than any other age group. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated both comparability and stability of the model.
CONCLUSION:
We constructed a model that is well suited to estimate the substantial impact of influenza on the primary care sector. A(H3) causes overall the greatest number of iMAARI, and influenza B has an outstanding impact on school age children. The model may incorporate time series of other pathogens as they become available. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 27754611 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12434
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Free full text