Announcement

Collapse
No announcement yet.

Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under five years of age in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Brazil: a case control study

Collapse
X
 
  • Filter
  • Time
  • Show
Clear All
new posts

  • Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under five years of age in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Brazil: a case control study

    BMC Pediatr. 2016 Sep 22;16(1):157.
    Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under five years of age in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Brazil: a case control study.

    Fonseca Lima EJ1,2, Mello MJ3,4, Albuquerque MF5, Lopes MI6, Serra GH4, Lima DE7, Correia JB3,7.
    Author information

    Abstract

    BACKGROUND:

    Pneumonia plays an important role in children's morbidity and mortality. In Brazil, epidemiological and social changes occurred concomitantly with the universal introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. This study identified risk factors for pneumonia following the implementation of a pneumococcal vaccination program.
    METHODS:

    A hospital-based, case-control study involving incident cases of pneumonia in children aged 1-59 months was conducted between October 2010 and September 2013 at a tertiary hospital in northeastern Brazil. The diagnosis of pneumonia was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The control group consisted of children admitted to the day-hospital ward for elective surgery. Children with comorbidities were excluded. The risk factors for pneumonia that were investigated were among those classified by the WHO as definite, likely and possible. A multivariate analysis was performed including variables that were significant at p ≤ 0.25 in the bivariate analysis.
    RESULTS:

    The study evaluated 407 children in the case group and 407 children in the control group. Household crowding (OR = 2.15; 95 % CI, 1,46-3,18) and not having been vaccinated against the influenza virus (OR = 3.59; 95 % CI, 2,62-4.91) were the only factors found to increase the likelihood of pneumonia. Male gender constituted a protective factor (OR = 0.53; 95 % CI, 0,39-0,72).
    CONCLUSION:

    Changes on risk factors for pneumonia were most likely associated with the expansion of the vaccination program and social improvements; however, these improvements were insufficient to overcome inequalities, given that household crowding remained a significant risk factor. The protection provided by the influenza vaccine must be evaluated new etiological studies. Furthermore, additional risk factors should be investigated.


    KEYWORDS:

    Children; Influenza vaccines; Pneumococcal vaccines; Pneumonia; Risk factors

    PMID: 27659204 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0695-6
    [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Working...
X