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Eur J Public Health. 2016 Apr 16. pii: ckw036. [Epub ahead of print]
Smoking may increase the risk of hospitalization due to influenza.
Godoy P1, Castilla J2, Mayoral JM3, Delgado-Rodr?guez M4, Mart?n V5, Astray J6, Soldevila N7, Gonz?lez-Candelas F8, Castro A9, Baricot M7, Tamames S10, Alonso J11, Gal?n JC12, Quintana JM13, Pumarola T14, Dom?nguez A15; CIBERESP Cases and Controls in Pandemic Influenza Working Group, Spain.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Smoking may facilitate influenza virus infections and their severity. The objective was to investigate the risk of hospitalization due to influenza in Spanish smokers and ex-smokers.
METHODS:
We carried out a multicentre, case-control study in 2011. Cases [patients ≥ 18 years hospitalized > 24 h with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed influenza] were selected from 29 Spanish hospitals. For each case, we selected an outpatient aged ≥ 18 years with RT-PCR-confirmed influenza matched by age (?5 years), date of hospitalization of the case (?10 days) and province of residence. We collected epidemiological variables, comorbidities and the smoking history. The risk of hospitalization due to smoking was determined by the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) using logistic regression.
RESULTS:
We studied 471 hospitalized cases and 476 outpatient cases. Hospitalized cases had a higher frequency of influenza risk factors compared with outpatient cases. Hospitalized cases had a higher frequency of smoking (30.9% vs. 17.1%) and being ex-smokers (29.3% vs. 25.3%). Current smoking (aOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.23-3.87) and being an ex-smoker (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.07-2.82) were associated with the risk of hospitalization.
CONCLUSIONS:
Smoking may increase the risk of hospitalization in smokers and ex-smokers when infected by the influenza virus. Smoking prevention could reduce hospitalizations. Influenza vaccination is recommended for smokers.
? The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
PMID: 27085194 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Smoking may increase the risk of hospitalization due to influenza.
Godoy P1, Castilla J2, Mayoral JM3, Delgado-Rodr?guez M4, Mart?n V5, Astray J6, Soldevila N7, Gonz?lez-Candelas F8, Castro A9, Baricot M7, Tamames S10, Alonso J11, Gal?n JC12, Quintana JM13, Pumarola T14, Dom?nguez A15; CIBERESP Cases and Controls in Pandemic Influenza Working Group, Spain.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Smoking may facilitate influenza virus infections and their severity. The objective was to investigate the risk of hospitalization due to influenza in Spanish smokers and ex-smokers.
METHODS:
We carried out a multicentre, case-control study in 2011. Cases [patients ≥ 18 years hospitalized > 24 h with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed influenza] were selected from 29 Spanish hospitals. For each case, we selected an outpatient aged ≥ 18 years with RT-PCR-confirmed influenza matched by age (?5 years), date of hospitalization of the case (?10 days) and province of residence. We collected epidemiological variables, comorbidities and the smoking history. The risk of hospitalization due to smoking was determined by the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) using logistic regression.
RESULTS:
We studied 471 hospitalized cases and 476 outpatient cases. Hospitalized cases had a higher frequency of influenza risk factors compared with outpatient cases. Hospitalized cases had a higher frequency of smoking (30.9% vs. 17.1%) and being ex-smokers (29.3% vs. 25.3%). Current smoking (aOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.23-3.87) and being an ex-smoker (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.07-2.82) were associated with the risk of hospitalization.
CONCLUSIONS:
Smoking may increase the risk of hospitalization in smokers and ex-smokers when infected by the influenza virus. Smoking prevention could reduce hospitalizations. Influenza vaccination is recommended for smokers.
? The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
PMID: 27085194 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]