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J Comp Pathol. The Pathology and Pathogenesis of Experimental SARS and Influenza in Animal Models

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  • J Comp Pathol. The Pathology and Pathogenesis of Experimental SARS and Influenza in Animal Models

    [Source: ScienceDirect, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]


    Journal of Comparative Pathology, Available online 15 January 2014 - In Press, Accepted Manuscript.

    The Pathology and Pathogenesis of Experimental SARS and Influenza in Animal Models

    J.M.A. van den Brand, B.L. Haagmans, D. van Riel, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, T. Kuiken

    Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands

    DOI: j.jcpa.2014.01.004

    Received 26 September 2013 - Revised 4 November 2013 - Accepted 6 January 2014 - Available online 15 January 2014 - Open Access


    Summary

    Respiratory viruses that emerge in the human population may cause high morbidity and mortality, as well as concern about pandemic spread. Examples are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and novel variants of influenza A virus, such as H5N1 and pandemic H1N1. Different animal models are used to develop therapeutic and preventive measures against such viruses, but it is not clear which are most suitable. Therefore, this review compares animal models of SARS and influenza, with an emphasis on non-human primates, ferrets and cats. Firstly, the pathology and pathogenesis between SARS and influenza is compared. Both diseases are similar in that they affect mainly the respiratory tract and cause inflammation and necrosis centred on the pulmonary alveoli and bronchioles. Important differences are the presence of multinucleated giant cells and intra-alveolar fibrosis in SARS and more fulminant necrotizing and haemorrhagic pneumonia in H5N1 influenza. Secondly, the pathology and pathogenesis of SARS and influenza between human beings and experimental animals is compared. Host species, host age, route of inoculation, location of sampling and timing of sampling are important to design an animal model that most closely mimicshuman disease. The design of appropriate animal models requires an accurate pathological description of human cases, as well as a good understanding of the effect of experimental variables on disease outcome.


    Keywords: animal model; SARS coronavirus; influenza; respiratory disease

    Copyright ? 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


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