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Vaccine
. 2025 Jun 26:61:127438.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127438. Online ahead of print. Lovastatin enhanced immune response to avian influenza vaccine in chickens and changed mRNA expression in the bursa of fabricius
Zuchen Song 1 , Yan Ma 2 , Lina Jiao 2 , Ruihong Yu 2 , Zheng Wang 2 , Yantong Zhou 2 , Zhimin Zhang 2 , Deyun Wang 2 , Zhenguang Liu 3
Affiliations
Inactivated vaccines play a pivotal role in preventing avian influenza outbreaks caused by H9N2 viruses. In this study, we employed lovastatin as an adjuvant for a whole-virus H9N2 inactivated vaccine and assessed its immunogenicity in chickens. Immunization effectiveness was evaluated through antibody titers, immune organ indices, phenotypic analysis of T lymphocytes, and RNA-sequencing of the bursa of Fabricius. Results demonstrated that the lovastatin-adjuvanted vaccine (Lov/H9N2) group exhibited significantly higher levels of IgG and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies compared to the control group. Additionally, enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and increased proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of the Lov/H9N2 group indicated an augmented cell-mediated immune response. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a significant upregulation of genes related to immune activation in the Lov/H9N2 group, especially in pathways associated with IFN-γ response and chemotaxis. These findings suggest that lovastatin enhances the immunogenicity of the H9N2 vaccine in chickens, positioning it as a potential adjuvant candidate for the poultry industry.
Keywords: Adjuvant; H9N2; Immune; Lovastatin; Vaccine.
. 2025 Jun 26:61:127438.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127438. Online ahead of print. Lovastatin enhanced immune response to avian influenza vaccine in chickens and changed mRNA expression in the bursa of fabricius
Zuchen Song 1 , Yan Ma 2 , Lina Jiao 2 , Ruihong Yu 2 , Zheng Wang 2 , Yantong Zhou 2 , Zhimin Zhang 2 , Deyun Wang 2 , Zhenguang Liu 3
Affiliations
- PMID: 40578176
- DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127438
Inactivated vaccines play a pivotal role in preventing avian influenza outbreaks caused by H9N2 viruses. In this study, we employed lovastatin as an adjuvant for a whole-virus H9N2 inactivated vaccine and assessed its immunogenicity in chickens. Immunization effectiveness was evaluated through antibody titers, immune organ indices, phenotypic analysis of T lymphocytes, and RNA-sequencing of the bursa of Fabricius. Results demonstrated that the lovastatin-adjuvanted vaccine (Lov/H9N2) group exhibited significantly higher levels of IgG and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies compared to the control group. Additionally, enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and increased proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of the Lov/H9N2 group indicated an augmented cell-mediated immune response. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a significant upregulation of genes related to immune activation in the Lov/H9N2 group, especially in pathways associated with IFN-γ response and chemotaxis. These findings suggest that lovastatin enhances the immunogenicity of the H9N2 vaccine in chickens, positioning it as a potential adjuvant candidate for the poultry industry.
Keywords: Adjuvant; H9N2; Immune; Lovastatin; Vaccine.