BMC Public Health . Risk perception of COVID-19 among sub-Sahara Africans: a web-based comparative survey of local and diaspora residents

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BMC Public Health


. 2021 Aug 18;21(1):1562.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11600-3.
Risk perception of COVID-19 among sub-Sahara Africans: a web-based comparative survey of local and diaspora residents


Emmanuel Kwasi Abu ¹ , Richard Oloruntoba ² , Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu ^{3 4} , Dipesh Bhattarai ⁵ , Chundung Asabe Miner ⁶ , Piwuna Christopher Goson ⁷ , Raymond Langsi ⁸ , Obinna Nwaeze ⁹ , Timothy G Chikasirimobi ¹⁰ , Godwin O Ovenseri-Ogbomo ^{11 12 13} , Bernadine N Ekpenyong ^{11 14} , Deborah Donald Charwe ¹⁵ , Khathutshelo Percy Mashige ¹¹ , Tanko Ishaya ¹⁶ , Kingsley Emwinyore Agho ^{11 17}



Affiliations

• PMID: 34404377
• DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11600-3

Abstract

Background: Perceived risk towards the coronavirus pandemic is key to improved compliance with public health measures to reduce the infection rates. This study investigated how Sub-Saharan Africans (SSA) living in their respective countries and those in the diaspora perceive their risk of getting infected by the COVID-19 virus as well as the associated factors.
Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey on 1969 participants aged 18 years and above (55.1% male) was conducted between April 27th and May 17th 2020, corresponding to the mandatory lockdown in most SSA countries. The dependent variable was the perception of risk for contracting COVID-19 scores. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, and COVID-19 related knowledge and attitude scores. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses identified the factors associated with risk perception towards COVID-19.
Results: Among the respondents, majority were living in SSA (n = 1855, 92.8%) and 143 (7.2%) in the diaspora. There was no significant difference in the mean risk perception scores between the two groups (p = 0.117), however, those aged 18-28 years had lower risk perception scores (p = 0.003) than the older respondents, while those who were employed (p = 0.040) and had higher levels of education (p < 0.001) had significantly higher risk perception scores than other respondents. After adjusting for covariates, multivariable analyses revealed that SSA residents aged 39-48 years (adjusted coefficient, β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.01, 1.19]) and health care sector workers (β = 0.61, 95% CI [0.09, 1.14]) reported a higher perceived risk of COVID-19. Knowledge and attitude scores increased as perceived risk for COVID-19 increased for both SSAs in Africa (β = 1.19, 95% CI [1.05, 1.34] for knowledge; β = 0.63, 95% CI [0.58, 0.69] for attitude) and in Diaspora (β = 1.97, 95% CI [1.16, 2.41] for knowledge; β = 0.30, 95% CI [0.02, 0.58] for attitude).
Conclusions: There is a need to promote preventive measures focusing on increasing people's knowledge about COVID-19 and encouraging positive attitudes towards the mitigation measures such as vaccines and education. Such interventions should target the younger population, less educated and non-healthcare workers.

Keywords: Africa; COVID-19; Diaspora; Knowledge; Lockdown; Pandemic; Risk perception; Sub-Sahara Africa.