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Virus Research
Volume 322, December 2022, 198932
Available online 19 September 2022, Version of Record 23 September 2022.
EdouardLansiauxa1 NityanandJainb1 SniedzeLaivacumac AigarsReinisd
Highlights
•There is a lack of literature regarding the pathogenesis and immune responses to MPXV.
•MPXV has two clades – clade 1 (Central African) and clade 2/3 (Western African).
•Th2 mediated cytokine storm induced by MPXV have been characterized in infected patients.
•New point-of-care rapid diagnostic kits have been developed and under testing for large-scale deployment.
•Resistance against ST-246 have been described in patients suffering from orthopoxvirus infections.
Abstract
First described in 1958, the human monkeypox virus (hMPXV) is a neglected zoonotic pathogen closely associated with the smallpox virus. The virus usually spreads via close contact with the infected animal or human and has been endemic mostly in parts of the African continent. However, with the recent increase in trade, tourism, and travel, the virus has caused outbreaks in countries outside Africa. The recent outbreak in 2022 has been puzzling given the lack of epidemiological connection and the possible sexual transmission of the virus. Furthermore, there is limited understanding of the structural and pathogenetic mechanisms that are employed by the virus to invade the host cells. Henceforth, it is critical to understand the working apparatus governing the viral-immune interactions to develop effective therapeutical and prophylactic modalities. Hence, in the present short communication, we summarize the previously reported research findings regarding the virology of the human monkeypox virus.
Volume 322, December 2022, 198932
Available online 19 September 2022, Version of Record 23 September 2022.
EdouardLansiauxa1 NityanandJainb1 SniedzeLaivacumac AigarsReinisd
Highlights
•There is a lack of literature regarding the pathogenesis and immune responses to MPXV.
•MPXV has two clades – clade 1 (Central African) and clade 2/3 (Western African).
•Th2 mediated cytokine storm induced by MPXV have been characterized in infected patients.
•New point-of-care rapid diagnostic kits have been developed and under testing for large-scale deployment.
•Resistance against ST-246 have been described in patients suffering from orthopoxvirus infections.
Abstract
First described in 1958, the human monkeypox virus (hMPXV) is a neglected zoonotic pathogen closely associated with the smallpox virus. The virus usually spreads via close contact with the infected animal or human and has been endemic mostly in parts of the African continent. However, with the recent increase in trade, tourism, and travel, the virus has caused outbreaks in countries outside Africa. The recent outbreak in 2022 has been puzzling given the lack of epidemiological connection and the possible sexual transmission of the virus. Furthermore, there is limited understanding of the structural and pathogenetic mechanisms that are employed by the virus to invade the host cells. Henceforth, it is critical to understand the working apparatus governing the viral-immune interactions to develop effective therapeutical and prophylactic modalities. Hence, in the present short communication, we summarize the previously reported research findings regarding the virology of the human monkeypox virus.