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Immun Inflamm Dis
. 2022 Dec;10(12):e701.
doi: 10.1002/iid3.701.
The potential link between Covid-19 and multiple myeloma: A new saga
Hayder M Al-Kuraishy 1 , Ali I Al-Gareeb 1 , Ali A Mohammed 2 , Athanasios Alexiou 3 4 , Marios Papadakis 5 , Gaber El-Saber Batiha 6
Affiliations
- PMID: 36444620
- DOI: 10.1002/iid3.701
Abstract
Background: Covid-19 is considered a primary respiratory disease-causing viral pneumonia and, in severe cases, leads to acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, though, extra-pulmonary manifestations of Covid-19 have been shown. Furthermore, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may coexist with several malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM).
Methods: This critical literature review aimed to find the potential association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and MM in Covid-19 patients with underlying MM. Narrative literature and databases search revealed that ARDS is developed in both MM and Covid-19 due to hypercalcemia and proteasome dysfunction.
Results: Notably, the expression of angiogenic factors and glutamine deficiency could link Covid-19 severity and MM in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications. MM and Covid-19 share thrombosis as a typical complication; unlike thrombosis in Covid-19, which reflects disease severity, thrombosis does not reflect disease severity in MM. In both conditions, thromboprophylaxis is essential to prevent pulmonary thrombosis and other thromboembolic disorders. Moreover, Covid-19 may exacerbate the development of acute kidney injury and neurological complications in MM patients.
Conclusion: These findings highlighted that MM patients might be a risk group for Covid-19 severity due to underlying immunosuppression and most of those patients need specific management in the Covid-19 era.
Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2; acute lung injury; acute respiratory distress syndrome; multiple myeloma.