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Vaccines (Basel) . Immunogenicity of High-Dose MVA-Based MERS Vaccine Candidate in Mice and Camels

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  • Vaccines (Basel) . Immunogenicity of High-Dose MVA-Based MERS Vaccine Candidate in Mice and Camels


    Vaccines (Basel)


    . 2022 Aug 17;10(8):1330.
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines10081330.
    Immunogenicity of High-Dose MVA-Based MERS Vaccine Candidate in Mice and Camels


    Naif Khalaf Alharbi 1 2 , Fahad Aljamaan 3 , Haya A Aljami 1 , Mohammed W Alenazi 1 , Hind Albalawi 1 , Abdulrahman Almasoud 1 , Fatima J Alharthi 1 , Esam I Azhar 4 5 , Tlili Barhoumi 1 2 , Mohammad Bosaeed 1 2 6 , Sarah C Gilbert 7 , Anwar M Hashem 8 9



    Affiliations

    Abstract

    The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen that can transmit from dromedary camels to humans, causing severe pneumonia, with a 35% mortality rate. Vaccine candidates have been developed and tested in mice, camels, and humans. Previously, we developed a vaccine based on the modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) viral vector, encoding a full-length spike protein of MERS-CoV, MVA-MERS. Here, we report the immunogenicity of high-dose MVA-MERS in prime-boost vaccinations in mice and camels.
    Methods: Three groups of mice were immunised with MVA wild-type (MVA-wt) and MVA-MERS (MVA-wt/MVA-MERS), MVA-MERS/MVA-wt, or MVA-MERS/MVA-MERS. Camels were immunised with two doses of PBS, MVA-wt, or MVA-MERS. Antibody (Ab) responses were evaluated using ELISA and MERS pseudovirus neutralisation assays.
    Results: Two high doses of MVA-MERS induced strong Ab responses in both mice and camels, including neutralising antibodies. Anti-MVA Ab responses did not affect the immune responses to the vaccine antigen (MERS-CoV spike).
    Conclusions: MVA-MERS vaccine, administered in a homologous prime-boost regimen, induced high levels of neutralising anti-MERS-CoV antibodies in mice and camels. This could be considered for further development and evaluation as a dromedary vaccine to reduce MERS-CoV transmission to humans.

    Keywords: MERS-CoV; MVA; antibody; camel; mice; vaccine; viral vector.

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