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Front Immunol . The molecular mechanisms of CD8+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection mediated by TCR-pMHC interactions

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  • Front Immunol . The molecular mechanisms of CD8+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection mediated by TCR-pMHC interactions

    Front Immunol


    . 2024 Oct 10:15:1468456.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1468456. eCollection 2024. The molecular mechanisms of CD8+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection mediated by TCR-pMHC interactions

    Shasha Deng # 1 2 , Zhihao Xu # 1 3 , Jing Hu 4 , Yunru Yang 4 , Fang Zhu 4 , Zhuan Liu 4 , Hongliang Zhang 1 , Songquan Wu 1 , Tengchuan Jin 1 2 4 5 6 7



    AffiliationsAbstract

    Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been implicated in the severity of COVID-19. The TCR-pMHC ternary complex, formed by the T cell receptor (TCR) and peptide-MHC (major histocompatibility complex), constitutes the molecular basis of CTL responses against SARS-CoV-2. While numerous studies have been conducted on T cell immunity, the molecular mechanisms underlying CTL-mediated immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been well elaborated. In this review, we described the association between HLA variants and different immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may lead to varying COVID-19 outcomes. We also summarized the specific TCR repertoires triggered by certain SARS-CoV-2 CTL epitopes, which might explain the variations in disease outcomes among different patients. Importantly, we have highlighted the primary strategies used by SARS-CoV-2 variants to evade T-cell killing: disrupting peptide-MHC binding, TCR recognition, and antigen processing. This review provides valuable insights into the molecule mechanism of CTL responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection, aiding efforts to control the pandemic and prepare for future challenges.

    Keywords: HLA; SARS-CoV-2; TCR repertoire; TCR-pHLA; TCR-pMHC; cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL); epitope; mutations.

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