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J Immunol . Memory B Cells and Memory T Cells Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccination or Infection Show Different Dynamics and Responsiveness to the Omicron Variant

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  • J Immunol . Memory B Cells and Memory T Cells Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccination or Infection Show Different Dynamics and Responsiveness to the Omicron Variant


    J Immunol


    . 2022 Dec 1;209(11):2104-2113.
    doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200525.
    Memory B Cells and Memory T Cells Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccination or Infection Show Different Dynamics and Responsiveness to the Omicron Variant


    Setsuko Mise-Omata 1 , Mari Ikeda 1 , Masaru Takeshita 2 , Yoshifumi Uwamino 3 4 , Masatoshi Wakui 3 , Tomoko Arai 5 , Ayumi Yoshifuji 6 , Kensaku Murano 7 , Haruhiko Siomi 7 , Kensuke Nakagawara 1 8 , Masaki Ohyagi 1 , Makoto Ando 1 , Naoki Hasegawa 4 , Hideyuki Saya 9 , Mitsuru Murata 3 , Koichi Fukunaga 8 , Ho Namkoong 4 , Xiuyuan Lu 10 , Sho Yamasaki 10 11 , Akihiko Yoshimura 1



    Affiliations

    Abstract

    Although the immunological memory produced by BNT162b2 vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been well studied and established, further information using different racial cohorts is necessary to understand the overall immunological response to vaccination. We evaluated memory B and T cell responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein before and after the third booster using a Japanese cohort. Although the Ab titer against the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) decreased significantly 8 mo after the second vaccination, the number of memory B cells continued to increase, whereas the number of memory T cells decreased slowly. Memory B and T cells from unvaccinated infected patients showed similar kinetics. After the third vaccination, the Ab titer increased to the level of the second vaccination, and memory B cells increased at significantly higher levels before the booster, whereas memory T cells recovered close to the second vaccination levels. In memory T cells, the frequency of CXCR5+CXCR3+CCR6- circulating follicular Th1 was positively correlated with RBD-specific Ab-secreting B cells. For the response to variant RBDs, although 60-80% of memory B cells could bind to the omicron RBD, their avidity was low, whereas memory T cells show an equal response to the omicron spike. Thus, the persistent presence of memory B and T cells will quickly upregulate Ab production and T cell responses after omicron strain infection, which prevents severe illness and death due to coronavirus disease 2019.


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