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Abstract from a presented paper at the 13th ICID - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia- June 19-22, 2008
Influenza in Animals and People
June 20, 08
Present Situation and Clinical Features of A/H5N1 Human Infection
Author: S. Giriputro, Sulianti Saroso Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Human infection with Influenza A/H5N1 had been recognized since a decade ago. It can be regarded as one of newly emerging infectious diseases. To date the disease has affected many countries worldwide. Hundreds of cases had been reported to WHO with 50-60% fatalities. In Indonesia as of March 2008, 129 cases had been reported since 2005 with inevitably high fatality rate (81,4%). Some preliminary reports suggested that the high fatality rate may correlate with the virulence of the virus strain circulating in the country, high viral load and the dissemination of the virus into important organs outside the lung such as blood, brain and the gastro-intestinal tract. New cases is still taking place in the country due to many factors: geographic and demographic, poultry farming structure, vaccine availability, poultry movement, geopolitical (decentralization impact) and migratory birds may plays some roles.
The demographic characteristic showed that all age groups may be affected with slight predominance in young adult group. There is no significant different between male and female in term of prevalence. A proportion of the cases (about 50%) had history of direct contact with sick, healthy or died poultry, 30% had history of indirect contact with poultry in the environtment either sick or healthy. In about 20% of the cases the history of contact to source of infection could not be concluded.
Fever, cough and breathlessness are the most frequent encountered clinical feature. For the purpose of screening some criterias for suspect are used: ILI, ARI or pneumonia with history of contact with AI source of infection, rapid progressive pneumonia leading to ARDS or fatality, unresponsive pneumonia treated adequately with antibiotics, clustering, or when viral infection is likely (leucopenia, lymphopenia). Antibiotics are used as initial treatment of CAP empiricly and when there is evidence of secondary bacterial infection. Antiviral treatment with oseltamivir has limited clinical benefit especially when given earlier.
Hat-tip to Solitaire for identifying the link to the abstracts.
Influenza in Animals and People
June 20, 08
Present Situation and Clinical Features of A/H5N1 Human Infection
Author: S. Giriputro, Sulianti Saroso Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Human infection with Influenza A/H5N1 had been recognized since a decade ago. It can be regarded as one of newly emerging infectious diseases. To date the disease has affected many countries worldwide. Hundreds of cases had been reported to WHO with 50-60% fatalities. In Indonesia as of March 2008, 129 cases had been reported since 2005 with inevitably high fatality rate (81,4%). Some preliminary reports suggested that the high fatality rate may correlate with the virulence of the virus strain circulating in the country, high viral load and the dissemination of the virus into important organs outside the lung such as blood, brain and the gastro-intestinal tract. New cases is still taking place in the country due to many factors: geographic and demographic, poultry farming structure, vaccine availability, poultry movement, geopolitical (decentralization impact) and migratory birds may plays some roles.
The demographic characteristic showed that all age groups may be affected with slight predominance in young adult group. There is no significant different between male and female in term of prevalence. A proportion of the cases (about 50%) had history of direct contact with sick, healthy or died poultry, 30% had history of indirect contact with poultry in the environtment either sick or healthy. In about 20% of the cases the history of contact to source of infection could not be concluded.
Fever, cough and breathlessness are the most frequent encountered clinical feature. For the purpose of screening some criterias for suspect are used: ILI, ARI or pneumonia with history of contact with AI source of infection, rapid progressive pneumonia leading to ARDS or fatality, unresponsive pneumonia treated adequately with antibiotics, clustering, or when viral infection is likely (leucopenia, lymphopenia). Antibiotics are used as initial treatment of CAP empiricly and when there is evidence of secondary bacterial infection. Antiviral treatment with oseltamivir has limited clinical benefit especially when given earlier.
Hat-tip to Solitaire for identifying the link to the abstracts.