CMAJ ? January 2, 2007; 176 (1). doi:10.1503/cmaj.060204.
? 2007 CMA Media Inc. or its licensors
<table class="content_box_outer_table" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td> <!-- beginning of inner table --> <table class="content_box_inner_table"> <!-- citation --> <tbody><tr><td class="content_box_title_highlight" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td class="content_box_title" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td class="content_box_title" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td class="content_box_title" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4"></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td>
</td></tr></tbody></table> Protective measures and human antibody response during an avian influenza H7N3 outbreak in poultry in British Columbia, Canada
<nobr>Danuta M. Skowronski</nobr>, <nobr>Yan Li</nobr>, <nobr>S. Aleina Tweed</nobr>, <nobr>Theresa W.S. Tam</nobr>, <nobr>Martin Petric</nobr>, <nobr>Samara T. David</nobr>, <nobr>Fawziah Marra</nobr>, <nobr>Nathalie Bastien</nobr>, <nobr>Sandra W. Lee</nobr>, <nobr>Mel Krajden</nobr> and <nobr>Robert C. Brunham</nobr> From the BC Centre for Disease Control (Skowronski, Tweed, Petric, David, Marra, Krajden, Brunham), Vancouver, BC; the National Microbiology Laboratory (Li, Bastien), Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Man.; Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division (Tam) and Canadian Field Epidemiology Program (David), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Workplace Health and Public Safety Programme (Lee), Health Canada, Vancouver, BC
Correspondence to: Dr. Danuta M. Skowronski, BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Ave., Vancouver BC V5Z 4R4; fax 604 660-0197; danuta.skowronski@bccdc.ca<script type="text/javascript"><!-- var u = "danuta.skowronski", d = "bccdc.ca"; document.getElementById("em0").innerHTML = '<a href="mailto:' + u + '@' + d + '">' + u + '@' + d + '<\/a>'//--></script>
<!-- null -->
<table bgcolor="#e1e1e1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" valign="middle" width="5%"></td> <th align="left" valign="middle" width="95%"> Abstract </th></tr></tbody></table> <table align="right" border="1" cellpadding="5"><tbody><tr><th align="left"> Top
Abstract
Methods
Results
Interpretation
REFERENCES
</th></tr></tbody></table>
Background: In 2004 an outbreak of avian influenza of the H7N3<sup> </sup>subtype occurred among poultry in British Columbia, Canada.<sup> </sup>We report compliance with recommended protective measures and<sup> </sup>associated human infections during this outbreak.<sup> </sup>
Methods: We sought voluntary participation by anyone (cullers,<sup> </sup>farmers and their families) involved in efforts to control the<sup> </sup>poultry outbreak. Recruitment was by advertisements at the worker<sup> </sup>deployment site, in local media and through newsletters sent<sup> </sup>directly to farmers. Sera were tested for antibody to H7N3 by<sup> </sup>microneutralization assay. A subset of 16 sera (including convalescent<sup> </sup>sera from 2 unprotected workers with conjunctivitis from whom<sup> </sup>virus had been isolated) was further tested by Western blot<sup> </sup>and routine and modified hemagglutination inhibition assays.<sup> </sup>
Results: A total of 167 people (20% to 25% of all workers) participated<sup> </sup>between May 7 and July 26, 2004. Of these, 19 had experienced<sup> </sup>influenza-like illness and 21 had experienced red or watery<sup> </sup>eyes. There was no significant association between illness reports<sup> </sup>and exposure to infected birds. Among 65 people who entered<sup> </sup>barns with infected birds, 55 (85%) had received influenza vaccine,<sup> </sup>48 (74%) had received oseltamivir, and 55 (85%), 54 (83%) and<sup> </sup>36 (55%) reported always wearing gloves, mask or goggles, respectively.<sup> </sup>Antibody to the H7 subtype was not detected in any sera.<sup> </sup>
Interpretation: During the BC outbreak, compliance with recommended<sup> </sup>protective measures, especially goggles, was incomplete. Multiple<sup> </sup>back-up precautions, including oseltamivir prophylaxis, may<sup> </sup>prevent human infections and should be readily accessible and<sup> </sup>consistently used by those involved in the control of future<sup> </sup>outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry. Localized human avian<sup> </sup>influenza infections may not result in serologic response despite<sup> </sup>confirmed viral detection and culture.
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/176/1/47
? 2007 CMA Media Inc. or its licensors
<table class="content_box_outer_table" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td> <!-- beginning of inner table --> <table class="content_box_inner_table"> <!-- citation --> <tbody><tr><td class="content_box_title_highlight" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td class="content_box_title" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td class="content_box_title" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td class="content_box_title" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_space_between_sections" colspan="2">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4">
</td><td class="content_box_item">
</td></tr> <tr><td class="content_box_arrow" valign="top" width="4"></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td>
</td></tr></tbody></table> Protective measures and human antibody response during an avian influenza H7N3 outbreak in poultry in British Columbia, Canada
<nobr>Danuta M. Skowronski</nobr>, <nobr>Yan Li</nobr>, <nobr>S. Aleina Tweed</nobr>, <nobr>Theresa W.S. Tam</nobr>, <nobr>Martin Petric</nobr>, <nobr>Samara T. David</nobr>, <nobr>Fawziah Marra</nobr>, <nobr>Nathalie Bastien</nobr>, <nobr>Sandra W. Lee</nobr>, <nobr>Mel Krajden</nobr> and <nobr>Robert C. Brunham</nobr> From the BC Centre for Disease Control (Skowronski, Tweed, Petric, David, Marra, Krajden, Brunham), Vancouver, BC; the National Microbiology Laboratory (Li, Bastien), Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Man.; Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division (Tam) and Canadian Field Epidemiology Program (David), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Workplace Health and Public Safety Programme (Lee), Health Canada, Vancouver, BC
Correspondence to: Dr. Danuta M. Skowronski, BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Ave., Vancouver BC V5Z 4R4; fax 604 660-0197; danuta.skowronski@bccdc.ca<script type="text/javascript"><!-- var u = "danuta.skowronski", d = "bccdc.ca"; document.getElementById("em0").innerHTML = '<a href="mailto:' + u + '@' + d + '">' + u + '@' + d + '<\/a>'//--></script>
<!-- null -->
<table bgcolor="#e1e1e1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" valign="middle" width="5%"></td> <th align="left" valign="middle" width="95%"> Abstract </th></tr></tbody></table> <table align="right" border="1" cellpadding="5"><tbody><tr><th align="left"> Top
Abstract
Methods
Results
Interpretation
REFERENCES
</th></tr></tbody></table>
Background: In 2004 an outbreak of avian influenza of the H7N3<sup> </sup>subtype occurred among poultry in British Columbia, Canada.<sup> </sup>We report compliance with recommended protective measures and<sup> </sup>associated human infections during this outbreak.<sup> </sup>
Methods: We sought voluntary participation by anyone (cullers,<sup> </sup>farmers and their families) involved in efforts to control the<sup> </sup>poultry outbreak. Recruitment was by advertisements at the worker<sup> </sup>deployment site, in local media and through newsletters sent<sup> </sup>directly to farmers. Sera were tested for antibody to H7N3 by<sup> </sup>microneutralization assay. A subset of 16 sera (including convalescent<sup> </sup>sera from 2 unprotected workers with conjunctivitis from whom<sup> </sup>virus had been isolated) was further tested by Western blot<sup> </sup>and routine and modified hemagglutination inhibition assays.<sup> </sup>
Results: A total of 167 people (20% to 25% of all workers) participated<sup> </sup>between May 7 and July 26, 2004. Of these, 19 had experienced<sup> </sup>influenza-like illness and 21 had experienced red or watery<sup> </sup>eyes. There was no significant association between illness reports<sup> </sup>and exposure to infected birds. Among 65 people who entered<sup> </sup>barns with infected birds, 55 (85%) had received influenza vaccine,<sup> </sup>48 (74%) had received oseltamivir, and 55 (85%), 54 (83%) and<sup> </sup>36 (55%) reported always wearing gloves, mask or goggles, respectively.<sup> </sup>Antibody to the H7 subtype was not detected in any sera.<sup> </sup>
Interpretation: During the BC outbreak, compliance with recommended<sup> </sup>protective measures, especially goggles, was incomplete. Multiple<sup> </sup>back-up precautions, including oseltamivir prophylaxis, may<sup> </sup>prevent human infections and should be readily accessible and<sup> </sup>consistently used by those involved in the control of future<sup> </sup>outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry. Localized human avian<sup> </sup>influenza infections may not result in serologic response despite<sup> </sup>confirmed viral detection and culture.
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/176/1/47
Comment