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IJID Reg
. 2024 Jun 21:12:100394.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100394. eCollection 2024 Sep. Prospective cohort study of patient demographics, viral agents, seasonality, and outcomes of influenza-like illness in Mexico in the late H1N1-pandemic and post-pandemic years (2010-2014)
Arturo Galindo-Fraga 1 , Paola Del Carmen Guerra-de-Blas 2 , Ana A Ortiz-Hernández 3 , Kevin Rubenstein 4 , Ana M Ortega-Villa 5 , Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas 6 , Rafael Valdez-Vázquez 7 , Sarbelio Moreno-Espinosa 8 , Beatriz Llamosas-Gallardo 3 , Santiago Pérez-Patrigeon 9 10 , Daniel E Noyola 11 , Martín Magaña-Aquino 12 , Ana Vilardell-Dávila 2 , M Lourdes Guerrero 10 , John H Powers 13 , John Beigel 5 , Guillermo M Ruiz-Palacios 10 ; Mexican Emerging Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network
Affiliations
Objectives: Influenza-like illness (ILI) caused by respiratory viruses results in various respiratory clinical manifestations. The ILI002 prospective observational cohort study aimed to describe viral agents, seasonality, and outcomes of patients with ILI during four seasons in the influenza H1N1-pandemic and post-pandemic years (2010-2014).
Methods: Patients from six Mexican hospitals were enrolled from April 2010 to March 2014. Clinical data and nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained and tested for viral respiratory pathogens by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Of the 5662 enrolled participants, 64.9% were adults and 35.1% were children. Among the 5629 participants with single-pathogen detection, rhinovirus (20.2%), influenza virus (11.2%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (7.2%), and coronavirus (6.8%) were the most frequent pathogens. Co-infection occurred in 14.5% of cases; 49.3% of participants required hospitalization, particularly in RSV cases (42.9% adults, 89.6% children). The mortality rate was 2.8% higher among older adult participants and those with comorbidities. Influenza H1N1 had the highest mortality rate, yet almost half of the deceased had no pathogen. Rhinovirus persisted year-round, while influenza, coronavirus, and RSV peaked during cooler months.
Conclusions: Analyses showed that some viruses causing ILI may lead to severe disease and hospitalization irrespective of comorbidities. These findings may help in decision-making about public health policies on prevention measures, vaccination, treatment, and administration of health care.
Keywords: Clinical characteristics; Influenza-like illness; Respiratory viruses; Seasonality.
. 2024 Jun 21:12:100394.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100394. eCollection 2024 Sep. Prospective cohort study of patient demographics, viral agents, seasonality, and outcomes of influenza-like illness in Mexico in the late H1N1-pandemic and post-pandemic years (2010-2014)
Arturo Galindo-Fraga 1 , Paola Del Carmen Guerra-de-Blas 2 , Ana A Ortiz-Hernández 3 , Kevin Rubenstein 4 , Ana M Ortega-Villa 5 , Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas 6 , Rafael Valdez-Vázquez 7 , Sarbelio Moreno-Espinosa 8 , Beatriz Llamosas-Gallardo 3 , Santiago Pérez-Patrigeon 9 10 , Daniel E Noyola 11 , Martín Magaña-Aquino 12 , Ana Vilardell-Dávila 2 , M Lourdes Guerrero 10 , John H Powers 13 , John Beigel 5 , Guillermo M Ruiz-Palacios 10 ; Mexican Emerging Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network
Affiliations
- PMID: 39045384
- PMCID: PMC11265585
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100394
Objectives: Influenza-like illness (ILI) caused by respiratory viruses results in various respiratory clinical manifestations. The ILI002 prospective observational cohort study aimed to describe viral agents, seasonality, and outcomes of patients with ILI during four seasons in the influenza H1N1-pandemic and post-pandemic years (2010-2014).
Methods: Patients from six Mexican hospitals were enrolled from April 2010 to March 2014. Clinical data and nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained and tested for viral respiratory pathogens by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Of the 5662 enrolled participants, 64.9% were adults and 35.1% were children. Among the 5629 participants with single-pathogen detection, rhinovirus (20.2%), influenza virus (11.2%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (7.2%), and coronavirus (6.8%) were the most frequent pathogens. Co-infection occurred in 14.5% of cases; 49.3% of participants required hospitalization, particularly in RSV cases (42.9% adults, 89.6% children). The mortality rate was 2.8% higher among older adult participants and those with comorbidities. Influenza H1N1 had the highest mortality rate, yet almost half of the deceased had no pathogen. Rhinovirus persisted year-round, while influenza, coronavirus, and RSV peaked during cooler months.
Conclusions: Analyses showed that some viruses causing ILI may lead to severe disease and hospitalization irrespective of comorbidities. These findings may help in decision-making about public health policies on prevention measures, vaccination, treatment, and administration of health care.
Keywords: Clinical characteristics; Influenza-like illness; Respiratory viruses; Seasonality.