J Med Virol . Frequency and distribution of H1N1 influenza A viruses with oseltamivir-resistant mutations worldwide before and after the 2009 pandemic

[tetano]

J Med Virol


. 2022 May 18.
doi: 10.1002/jmv.27870. Online ahead of print.
Frequency and distribution of H1N1 influenza A viruses with oseltamivir-resistant mutations worldwide before and after the 2009 pandemic


Weixu Zhang ¹ , Hefeng Xu ² , Shuxuan Guan ¹ , Chengmin Wang ³ , Guoying Dong ¹



Affiliations

• PMID: 35585032
• DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27870

Abstract

H1N1 influenza has brought serious threats to people's health and a high socio-economic burden to society. Oseltamivir, a kind of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, is the second-generation specific drug that is broadly used currently. However, H1N1 influenza viruses have exhibited oseltamivir resistance in the past decades, which might be a hidden danger. To understand the frequency and distribution laws of oseltamivir-resistant viruses, we conducted a thorough and deep analysis of the available NA protein sequences of H1N1 influenza viruses worldwide from 1918 to 2020. The differences and similarities before and after 2009 were also considered since the dominant viruses changed in this period. Results showed that 3.76% of H1N1 viruses harbored oseltamivir resistance currently. Among various significative mutations, H274Y had the highest frequency of 3.30%, while the frequencies of the other mutations were far below this whether before or after 2009. The oseltamivir resistance was mainly found in three hosts, human, swine, and avian. Different mutation sites could exhibit different distributions in each host. Our results showed that the resistance level reached a peak during the 2007-2008 influenza season and then quickly decreased in 2009. The resistance also displayed a global distribution. The densely populated countries usually had a high resistance level. However, frequent significative mutations were also found in some small countries. Our findings indicated the necessity of monitoring oseltamivir resistance around the world. The study could provide a unique perspective towards the cognition of viruses and facilitate the future study of both pandemic and drug development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Distribution.; Frequency; H1N1 influenza viruses; Oseltamivir resistance.