Catalytic inactivation of influenza virus by iron oxide nanozyme

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Theranostics. 2019 Sep 21;9(23):6920-6935. doi: 10.7150/thno.35826. eCollection 2019. Catalytic inactivation of influenza virus by iron oxide nanozyme.

Qin T^1,2,3, Ma R¹, Yin Y^4,2, Miao X¹, Chen S^1,2,3, Fan K⁵, Xi J⁴, Liu Q⁴, Gu Y⁴, Yin Y¹, Hu J^1,2,3, Liu X^1,2,3, Peng D^1,2,3,6, Gao L^4,2,5.
Author information

1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China. 2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China. 3 Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China. 4 Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, PR China. 5 CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. 6 Joint Laboratory Safety of International Cooperation of Agriculture&Agricultural-Products, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.

Abstract

Influenza poses a severe threat to human health in the world. However, developing a universal anti-viral strategy has remained challenging due to the presence of diverse subtypes as well as its high mutation rate, resulting in antigenic shift and drift. Here we developed an antiviral strategy using iron oxide nanozymes (IONzymes) to target the lipid envelope of the influenza virus. Methods: We evaluated the antiviral activities of our IONzymes using a hemagglutination assay, together with a 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID₅₀) method. Lipid peroxidation of the viral envelope was analyzed using a maleic dialdehyde (MDA) assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The neighboring viral proteins were detected by western blotting. Results: We show that IONzymes induce envelope lipid peroxidation and destroy the integrity of neighboring proteins, including hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix protein 1, causing the inactivation of influenza A viruses (IAVs). Furthermore, we show that our IONzymes possess a broad-spectrum antiviral activity on 12 subtypes of IAVs (H1~H12). Lastly, we demonstrate that applying IONzymes to a facemask improves the ability of virus protection against 3 important subtypes that pose a threat to human, including H1N1, H5N1, and H7N9 subtype. Conclusion: Together, our results clearly demonstrate that IONzymes can catalyze lipid peroxidation of the viral lipid envelope to inactivate enveloped viruses and provide protection from viral transmission and infection.
? The author(s).


KEYWORDS:

Iron oxide nanozyme; antivirus; influenza virus; lipid peroxidation; lipoxidase-like activity

PMID: 31660077 PMCID: PMC6815955 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35826
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