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PLoS ONE. Effects of Vaccination and the New Neuraminidase Inhibitor, Laninamivir, on Influenza Infection
[Source: PLoS ONE, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
Open Access / Peer-Reviewed / Research Article
Effects of Vaccination and the New Neuraminidase Inhibitor, Laninamivir, on Influenza Infection
Takuro Mizuno, Shigeru Mizuno, Tsugiyasu Kanda
Published: April 03, 2014 / DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092601
Abstract
Background
Evidence of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in children and elderly adults is limited, although this population has the highest risk for influenza infection.
Materials and Methods
We enrolled 4443 participants, aged 3?97 years, who had influenza-kit-positive resultsduring seasons 2007?12, including 2135 with influenza A, 534 with A/H1N1, and 1643 with influenza B. Eligible subjects completed a questionnaire to identify past influenza infection and vaccination history. For the diagnosis of current influenza infection, subjects were examined, and pharyngeal swabs were collected and tested using the Capilia flu rapid diagnosis kit to confirm influenza infection. An interim analysis was performed using clinician-based surveillance data for the entire four seasons of influenza infection in Japan.
Results
In 3035 adultsaged 14?64 years, administration of the influenza vaccine significantly reduced the frequency of infection (P<0.01) in the 2008 and 2010 seasons, but not in the 2009 and 2011 seasons. Moreover, the vaccine did not reduce the frequency of infection in children (aged <13 years) and older adults (aged >65 years) significantly. Laninamivir, oseltamivir phosphate, zanamivir hydrate, and amantadine hydrochloride were administered to 1381, 2432, 1044, and 100 patients, respectively. They were effective in >97% of patients, with no significant differences being found. Adverse effects were few. However, the recurrence rate of influenza infection after treatment was significantly reduced in patients who received laninamivir compared with that in those who received oseltamivir and zanamivir (P<0.01). The effectiveness of laninamivir did not decrease.
Conclusions
The vaccines administered had limited efficacy in reducing the frequency of influenza infection in young adults. Laninamivir significantly reduced the recurrence of influenza infection when compared with other neuraminidase inhibitors.
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Citation: Mizuno T, Mizuno S, Kanda T (2014) Effects of Vaccination and the New Neuraminidase Inhibitor, Laninamivir, on Influenza Infection. PLoS ONE 9(4): e92601. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092601
Editor: Yi Guan, The University of Hong Kong, China
Received: October 7, 2013; Accepted: February 23, 2014; Published: April 3, 2014
Copyright: ? 2014 Mizuno et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: These authors have no support or funding to report.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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Open Access / Peer-Reviewed / Research Article
Effects of Vaccination and the New Neuraminidase Inhibitor, Laninamivir, on Influenza Infection
Takuro Mizuno, Shigeru Mizuno, Tsugiyasu Kanda
Published: April 03, 2014 / DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092601
Abstract
Background
Evidence of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in children and elderly adults is limited, although this population has the highest risk for influenza infection.
Materials and Methods
We enrolled 4443 participants, aged 3?97 years, who had influenza-kit-positive resultsduring seasons 2007?12, including 2135 with influenza A, 534 with A/H1N1, and 1643 with influenza B. Eligible subjects completed a questionnaire to identify past influenza infection and vaccination history. For the diagnosis of current influenza infection, subjects were examined, and pharyngeal swabs were collected and tested using the Capilia flu rapid diagnosis kit to confirm influenza infection. An interim analysis was performed using clinician-based surveillance data for the entire four seasons of influenza infection in Japan.
Results
In 3035 adultsaged 14?64 years, administration of the influenza vaccine significantly reduced the frequency of infection (P<0.01) in the 2008 and 2010 seasons, but not in the 2009 and 2011 seasons. Moreover, the vaccine did not reduce the frequency of infection in children (aged <13 years) and older adults (aged >65 years) significantly. Laninamivir, oseltamivir phosphate, zanamivir hydrate, and amantadine hydrochloride were administered to 1381, 2432, 1044, and 100 patients, respectively. They were effective in >97% of patients, with no significant differences being found. Adverse effects were few. However, the recurrence rate of influenza infection after treatment was significantly reduced in patients who received laninamivir compared with that in those who received oseltamivir and zanamivir (P<0.01). The effectiveness of laninamivir did not decrease.
Conclusions
The vaccines administered had limited efficacy in reducing the frequency of influenza infection in young adults. Laninamivir significantly reduced the recurrence of influenza infection when compared with other neuraminidase inhibitors.
______
Citation: Mizuno T, Mizuno S, Kanda T (2014) Effects of Vaccination and the New Neuraminidase Inhibitor, Laninamivir, on Influenza Infection. PLoS ONE 9(4): e92601. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092601
Editor: Yi Guan, The University of Hong Kong, China
Received: October 7, 2013; Accepted: February 23, 2014; Published: April 3, 2014
Copyright: ? 2014 Mizuno et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: These authors have no support or funding to report.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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