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Econ Hum Biol
. 2023 Nov 25:52:101318.
doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101318. Online ahead of print. Socioeconomic mortality differences during the Great Influenza in Spain
Sergi Basco 1 , Jordi Domènech 2 , Joan R Rosés 3
Affiliations
Despite being one of the deadliest viruses in history, there is limited information on the socioeconomic factors that affected mortality rates during the Great Influenza Pandemic. In this study, we use occupation-province level data to investigate the relationship between influenza excess mortality rates and occupation-related status in Spain. We obtain three main results. Firstly, individuals in low-income occupations experienced the highest excess mortality, pointing to a notable income gradient. Secondly, professions that involved more social interaction were associated with a higher excess of mortality, regardless of income. Finally, we observe a substantial rural mortality penalty, even after controlling for income-related occupational groups. Based on this evidence, it seems that the high number of deaths was caused by not self-isolating. Some individuals did not quarantine themselves because they could not afford to miss work. In rural areas, home confinement was likely more limited because their inhabitants did not have immediate access to information about the pandemic or fully understand its impact due to their limited experience handling influenza outbreaks.
Keywords: Health inequality; Mortality inequities; Pandemics; Urban penalty.
. 2023 Nov 25:52:101318.
doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101318. Online ahead of print. Socioeconomic mortality differences during the Great Influenza in Spain
Sergi Basco 1 , Jordi Domènech 2 , Joan R Rosés 3
Affiliations
- PMID: 38070226
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101318
Despite being one of the deadliest viruses in history, there is limited information on the socioeconomic factors that affected mortality rates during the Great Influenza Pandemic. In this study, we use occupation-province level data to investigate the relationship between influenza excess mortality rates and occupation-related status in Spain. We obtain three main results. Firstly, individuals in low-income occupations experienced the highest excess mortality, pointing to a notable income gradient. Secondly, professions that involved more social interaction were associated with a higher excess of mortality, regardless of income. Finally, we observe a substantial rural mortality penalty, even after controlling for income-related occupational groups. Based on this evidence, it seems that the high number of deaths was caused by not self-isolating. Some individuals did not quarantine themselves because they could not afford to miss work. In rural areas, home confinement was likely more limited because their inhabitants did not have immediate access to information about the pandemic or fully understand its impact due to their limited experience handling influenza outbreaks.
Keywords: Health inequality; Mortality inequities; Pandemics; Urban penalty.