EAH1N1 swine flu may "pose highest pandemic threat": study

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Avian-like H1N1 swine flu may "pose highest pandemic threat": study

English.news.cn 2015-12-29 04:29:05

WASHINGTON, Dec. 28 (Xinhua) -- The Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EAH1N1) swine flu viruses, which have circulated in pigs since 1979, have obtained the ability to infect humans and may "pose the highest pandemic threat" among the flu viruses currently circulating in animals, Chinese researchers said Monday.

"Pigs are considered important intermediate hosts for flu viruses," Chen Hualan, director of China's National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory, who led the study, said in an written interview with Xinhua.

"Based on scientific analysis and comprehensive comparison of the main animal flu viruses: H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9, H9N2 and EAH1N1, we found the EAH1N1 is the one most likely to cause next human flu pandemic. We should attach great importance to the EAH1N1."

Two lineages of H1N1 swine influenza viruses (SIVs), classical H1N1 SIVs and EAH1N1 SIVs, have been circulating in pigs since 1918 and 1979, respectively. The classical H1N1 SIVs emerged in humans as a reassortant and caused the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic.

The EAH1N1 SIVs have been detected in pigs in many Eurasian countries and have caused several human infections in European countries and also in China, where a fatal case was reported.
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http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-12/29/c_134959351.htm

[Gert van der Hoek]

PNAS December 28, 2015

Prevalence, genetics, and transmissibility in ferrets of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses

Significance

Animal influenza viruses continue to challenge human public health; surveillance of these viruses and evaluation of their pandemic potential are important for future influenza pandemic preparedness. Pigs are intermediate hosts for novel influenza generation and transfer to humans. Two lineages of H1N1 swine influenza viruses (SIVs), classical H1N1 SIVs and Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EAH1N1) SIVs, have been circulating in pigs since 1918 and 1979, respectively. The classical H1N1 SIVs emerged in humans as a reassortant and caused the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Here, we found that, after long-term evolution in pigs, the EAH1N1 SIVs have obtained the traits to cause a human influenza pandemic.

Abstract

Pigs are important intermediate hosts for generating novel influenza viruses. The Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EAH1N1) swine influenza viruses (SIVs) have circulated in pigs since 1979, and human cases associated with EAH1N1 SIVs have been reported in several countries. However, the biologic properties of EAH1N1 SIVs are largely unknown. Here, we performed extensive influenza surveillance in pigs in China and isolated 228 influenza viruses from 36,417 pigs. We found that 139 of the 228 strains from pigs in 10 provinces in China belong to the EAH1N1 lineage.

These viruses formed five genotypes, with two distinct antigenic groups, represented by A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011 and A/swine/Guangdong/104/2013, both of which are antigenically and genetically distinct from the current human H1N1 viruses. Importantly, the EAH1N1 SIVs preferentially bound to human-type receptors, and 9 of the 10 tested viruses transmitted in ferrets by respiratory droplet. We found that 3.6% of children (≤10 y old), 0% of adults, and 13.4% of elderly adults (≥60 y old) had neutralization antibodies (titers ≥40 in children and ≥80 in adults) against the EAH1N1 A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011 virus, but none of them had such neutralization antibodies against the EAH1N1 A/swine/Guangdong/104/2013 virus.

Our study shows the potential of EAH1N1 SIVs to transmit efficiently in humans and suggests that immediate action is needed to prevent the efficient transmission of EAH1N1 SIVs to humans.

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Shang Yize
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EAH1N1 next wave of the swine flu epidemic of fear burst

Mainland experts latest study found widespread Mainland pigs called "Eurasian swine H1N1 avian influenza virus type" (EAH1N1) high human spread of power, there are people who have been infected with, and even cause death. Even Vaccination, can not provide cross-protection, experts fear the virus could trigger the next wave of the pandemic. Centre for Health Protection of Hong Kong said it had knowledge of the contents of the report, stressed that prevention and control measures have been taken to monitor the new influenza virus.

Mainland Europe multiplayer infection

National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory director Chen Hualan led the research team in the United States, "National Academy of Sciences," issued a report that pigs of influenza virus are mainly two, including ○ 九年 trigger a global pandemic of H1N1 swine flu; and nineteen 2079 found in pigs in Europe, and then spread to many countries in Europe and Asia pigs classes avian H1N1 swine flu (EAH1N1), this breed swine flu virus in Europe and China led to people being infected, a Chinese man died .

Team since 一 ○ onwards, monitoring swine flu virus, from from 10 provinces over thirty-six thousand pigs in isolated two hundred twenty-eight swine flu virus, which is one hundred thirty-nine EAH1N1, display this virus in pigs in China widespread. The team found, EAH1N1 may successor, some children and elderly people with this virus antibody, who have been infected with the display.

2009 has been a pandemic

This virus can also adapt to mammals, and the emergence of mutations in the pigs will not cause serious symptoms, but have the ability to spread in the population, may appear obvious symptoms in humans.

Current human influenza vaccine for this virus is not, and therefore can not provide cross-protection after vaccination, human beings could not be effective against this virus temporarily. Experts fear EAH1N1 next human influenza pandemic arising that need attention.

Associate Professor, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong Panlie Wen said that there has been swine flu virus in Hong Kong over the past three decades also monitor the evolution of the virus. H1N1 swine flu virus had appeared in ○ 九年 pandemic, swine flu successor display there is a certain crisis. 潘烈文 also considers most important thing now is to develop a stronger and effective monitoring and preventive measures to control the spread of the virus among pigs, to reduce the risk of viral gene shuffling cross, measures to prevent human infection while doing.

Human difficult to resist new viruses

In response to avian influenza Mainland, Hong Kong influenza pandemic contingency plan, Alert Response Level positive start.

The CHP said the Centre for Food Safety has been monitoring the swine flu virus situation. From time to time a new influenza virus-derived varieties, limited human immunity to the new virus, so that the new virus than normal seasonal influenza viruses spread more rapidly and widely.

CHP has taken a series of new influenza prevention and control measures, and in close contact with WHO, the Mainland and overseas health authorities to monitor the new influenza situation and recent developments.

http://the-sun.on.cc/cnt/news/20151230/00407_014.html

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Ensure meat safety Shenzhen closed pig wholesale market

3:20 on January 14, 2016

The latest study found that Chinese experts, Chinese pigs with more "Eurasian swine H1N1 avian influenza virus type" (EAH1N1), high transmissibility to humans, there are people who have been infected with, or even lead to death. Shenzhen City Office of Food Safety Commission to introduce new measures to ensure security of supply of pork, the city will be closed before the end of June this year, the only wholesale market hogs and pigs in the future of the city is no longer the new wholesale market, and at the end of March next year to complete the city's pork cold chain sales, will push the sale of chilled pork.

According to the responsible person: "Now Shenzhen supermarkets are implemented cold chain distribution, cold chain sales, this measure relatively large impact on the farmer's market." The official explained that the cold chain sales of pork slaughter that day, cold chain distribution of ice meat.

"PNAS" Earlier published by China's National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory director Chen Hualan, led the study report that more Chinese pigs with the H1N1 virus. The team since 2010 to monitor the farms and swine flu, influenza virus samples extracted from more than 36,000 pigs body, isolated 228 influenza virus, of which 60 percent belong to the class of avian H1N1 swine flu virus, and the virus samples over were from 10 different provinces in China, reflecting widespread H1N1 swine flu virus in pigs in China. (Mainland Center / Dow Jones reports)

http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/international/20160114/774415/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%89%E5%93%81%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E3%80%80%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E9%97%9C%E9%96%89%E7%94%9F%E8%B1%AC%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4