https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc...313?via%3Dihub
or
sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.031
"Conclusions:
Elderberry showed potent antiviral activity with a therapeutic index of 12 ? 1.3 against influenza infection. Moreover, inhibition by elderberry was stronger against the late stage influenza cycle than the early stage.
These findings are consistent with clinical data indicating that elderberry can mitigate the duration and severity of influenza symptoms in patients (Mumcuoglu et al., 2010).
The action of elderberry is both direct – suppressing viral entry, affecting the post-infection phase, and viral transmission from cell to cell, and indirect – by
modulating the release of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF.
Thesedata support the use of Sambucus nigra berries as nutraceutical ingredients for the management of influenza infection."
or
sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.031
"Conclusions:
Elderberry showed potent antiviral activity with a therapeutic index of 12 ? 1.3 against influenza infection. Moreover, inhibition by elderberry was stronger against the late stage influenza cycle than the early stage.
These findings are consistent with clinical data indicating that elderberry can mitigate the duration and severity of influenza symptoms in patients (Mumcuoglu et al., 2010).
The action of elderberry is both direct – suppressing viral entry, affecting the post-infection phase, and viral transmission from cell to cell, and indirect – by
modulating the release of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF.
Thesedata support the use of Sambucus nigra berries as nutraceutical ingredients for the management of influenza infection."
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