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The Discovery of the 2009 A/H1N1 Pandemic - Mexico: April 17 New Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City & Oaxaca

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  • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City & Oaxaca

    Current SRI situation in Mexico (based on report received from Mexican Health Authorities on April 19 and press conference convened by Mexico on April 22):

    Epidemiological information:

    To date, two clusters of SRI with deaths have been reported in April, 09; one in Mexico City and one San Luis Potosi.

    Mexico City, from 23 hospitals: 120 SRI cases including 13 deaths reported.
    San Luis Potosi (central Mexico): 14 SRI cases including 4 deaths.
    One death reported in Oaxaca (southern Mexico)
    Two deaths reported in Baja California Norte (bordering California, USA)
    Most cases were previously healthy young adults aged 25-44 years old. Some health care workers (5) have been affected as well.

    Clinical information:

    The clinical symptoms include high fever, headache, ocular pain, shortness of breath and extreme fatigue.
    Rapid progression of symptoms to severe respiratory distress in about 5 days.
    High proportion requiring mechanical ventilation reported (unknown &#37.
    Case-fatality rate ranging from 11-5-29% based on Mexico City and San Luis Potosi data
    Laboratory information:
    From report received: Some influenza A/H1N1 and B viruses detected, one parainfluenza virus detected, A/H5N1 apparently ruled-out.
    The NML has received 51 clinical samples from Mexico on April 22, and will be testing them for a range of pathogens. The results of the lab testing will be communicated back to Mexican officials as soon as possible.

    NML has received a number of specimens from Mexico on April 22.

    Current seasonal influenza situation in Mexico:
    Mexico is experiencing a late influenza season with an increased level of ILI since the beginning of March 2009 (higher proportion of influenza B compared to previous seasons).

    Comment


    • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City & Oaxaca

      Welcome WTB!

      Comment


      • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City & Oaxaca

        Originally posted by alert View Post
        Can you give me a link that says this about the ventilator? If this is true, you're probably right - although I still want to know about that detection of the coronavirus.
        The Reuters story just says one patient was hospitalized. The ventilator was stated at the news conference. I haven't looked for a transcript yet.

        Comment


        • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City & Oaxaca

          Originally posted by alert View Post
          My reading of the CDC briefing contains:

          4. All confirmed cases have recovered.

          That would seem to contradict that one of the cases is on a ventilator.
          The CDC report is well into the "point in time". There already are more confirmed cases, which is why there will be a daily update. The pateint on the ventilator recovered. There are no reported deaths, but the number of mild cases is no doubt orders of magnitude high than the small number of confirmed cases.
          The mild cases will be more obvious in the northern hemisphere as seasonal flu ends. However, cases in the southern hemisphere will be difficult to detect unless they lead to atypical pneumonia.
          The swine H1N1 will soon be Tamiflu resistant and expanding in preparation for second wave.

          Comment


          • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City & Oaxaca

            Human Swine Influenza Investigation

            Human cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection have been identified in San Diego County and Imperial County, California as well as in San Antonio, Texas.
            <TABLE class=table style="CLEAR: left" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=3 width=363><TBODY><TR><TH vAlign=top colSpan=3>Human Cases of Swine Flu Infection</TH></TR><TR><TH vAlign=top width=126>State</TH><TH vAlign=top width=225 colSpan=2># of laboratory
            confirmed cases</TH></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top align=middle>California</TD><TD class=tablesmalltext vAlign=top align=middle width=225 colSpan=2>5 cases</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top align=middle>Texas</TD><TD class=tablesmalltext vAlign=top align=middle width=225 colSpan=2>2 cases</TD></TR><TR><TD vAlign=top align=middle colSpan=3>Cases will be updated daily at 3 p.m. EST</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
            Investigations are ongoing to determine the source of the infection and whether additional people have been infected with similar swine influenza viruses.
            CDC is working closely with state and local officials in California and Texas and other health and animal officials on investigations into these cases.
            CDC has provided the following interim guidance for this investigation.
            Residents of California and Texas
            Clinicians
            State Public Health Laboratories
            Public Health/Animal Health
            Related Links

            Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Infection in Two Children ? Southern California, March?April 2009
            Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) April 21, 2009 / Vol. 58 / Dispatch
            Interim Guidance on Infection Control and Antiviral Recommendations for Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Swine Influenza A Virus Infection, April 20, 2009
            Guidance for health care workers and public health personnel?
            Key Facts about Swine Influenza (Swine Flu)
            Questions and Answers about swine flu, what it is and how it spreads?
            ************************************************** **************
            Residents of California and Texas
            CDC has identified human cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in people in these areas. CDC is working with local and state health agencies to investigate these cases. We have determined that this virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human. However, at this time, we have not determined how easily the virus spreads between people. As with any infectious disease, we are recommending precautionary measures for people residing in these areas.
            • Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
            • Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hands cleaners are also effective.
            • Try to avoid close contact with sick people.
            • If you get sick, CDC recommends that you stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them.
            • Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread that way.
            There is no vaccine available at this time, so it is important for people living in these areas to take steps to prevent spreading the virus to others. If people are ill, they should attempt to stay at home and limit contact with others. Healthy residents living in these areas should take everyday preventive actions.
            People who live in these areas who develop an illness with fever and respiratory symptoms, such as cough and runny nose, and possibly other symptoms, such as body aches, nausea, or vomiting or diarrhea, should contact their health care provider. Their health care provider will determine whether influenza testing is needed.
            Clinicians

            Clinicians should consider the possibility of swine influenza virus infections in patients presenting with febrile respiratory illness who:
            1. Live in San Diego County or Imperial County, California or San Antonio, Texas or
            2. Have traveled to San Diego and/or Imperial County, California or San Antonio, Texas or
            3. Have been in contact with ill persons from these areas in the 7 days prior to their illness onset, or
            4. Have been in contact with ill persons from these areas in the 7 days prior to their illness onset, or
            If swine flu is suspected, clinicians should obtain a respiratory swab for swine influenza testing and place it in a refrigerator (not a freezer). Once collected, the clinician should contact their state or local health department to facilitate transport and timely diagnosis at a state public health laboratory.
            State Public Health Laboratories
            Laboratories should send all unsubtypable influenza A specimens as soon as possible to the Viral Surveillance and Diagnostic Branch of the CDC?s Influenza Division for further diagnostic testing.
            Public Health /Animal Health Officials
            Officials should conduct thorough case and contact investigations to determine the source of the swine influenza virus, extent of community illness and the need for timely control measures.
            More information about swine flu can be found on the CDC website at http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swine/index.htm.

            Comment


            • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City &amp; Oaxaca

              Originally posted by Treyfish View Post
              Ssa called for calm in cases of influenza
              Jose Angel Cordova explained that hospitals in the Federal District, San Luis Potosi, Baja California Norte, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo and Veracruz, health fences were installed to prevent the spread of the virus. . . .

              http://www.milenio.com/node/203916

              Map showing the location of the states where health fences have been installed.

              Click image for larger version

Name:	Mexico seven states 20090423.jpg
Views:	2
Size:	66.4 KB
ID:	649434
              http://novel-infectious-diseases.blogspot.com/

              Comment


              • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City &amp; Oaxaca

                April 24, 2009

                <NYT_HEADLINE version="1.0" type=" ">Unusual Strain of Swine Flu Is Found in People in 2 States </NYT_HEADLINE>

                <NYT_BYLINE version="1.0" type=" ">By DONALD G. McNEIL Jr.
                </NYT_BYLINE><NYT_TEXT>An unusual strain of swine flu is circulating among people in the Southwest but is not known to have caused any deaths, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Thursday.
                The agency, which has found only seven cases, expects to find more now that it has begun looking intensively for them.
                ?We don?t yet know the extent of the problem,? said Dr. Anne Schuchat, the director of respiratory diseases for the agency, ?but we don?t think this is a time for major concern.?
                Five of the people infected were in Imperial and San Diego Counties in California and two were in San Antonio. They were 9 to 54 years old.
                None had any contact with pigs, and in two sets of cases ? involving a father and daughter and two 16-year-old schoolmates ? those infected had contact with each other. That convinced the authorities that the virus was being transmitted from person to person.
                The seven people were apparently infected from late March to mid-April. Only one was hospitalized, and all recovered.
                The A (H1N1) flu strain they had was quite unusual, said Dr. Nancy Cox, the chief of the agency?s flu division. It contained gene segments from North American swine, bird and human flu strains as well as one from Eurasian swine.
                Like some human strains, it is resistant to two older flu drugs, amantadine and rimantadine. It is not resistant to Tamiflu or Relenza. However, Tamiflu resistance is common in the H1N1 human flu strain circulating this year, so the swine strain could become resistant to Tamiflu if the viruses mixed in humans or, possibly, in pigs.
                Swine flus rarely infect humans. There have been about a dozen cases since 2005, but almost all were in farm workers or others in contact with pigs.
                In 1976, there was a cluster of swine flu cases among soldiers at Fort Dix, in New Jersey, one of whom died. That led to a rush to make a new vaccine and administer it to 40 million Americans. No epidemic materialized, but thousands of people claimed that the vaccine had given them Guillain-Barr? syndrome, which can cause lethargy or paralysis. The episode led to the resignation of the director of the disease control center, and the agency has been wary of causing panic over influenza cases ever since.
                The unusual strain this year was noticed, Dr. Schuchat said, only because the agency was trying out a new diagnostic test at a Navy laboratory and doing more testing than usual through a new Border Infectious Disease Surveillance Project along the Mexican border.
                Officials at the public health agency in Canada said their Mexican counterparts had warned them this week of a ?relatively high? fatality rate for people in Mexico who have had respiratory illnesses this season, some of whom had tested positive for flu. Asked about that, American officials said they had no information. A spokesman said the disease control center had asked Mexican officials to send samples for testing.
                The United States flu season is tailing off now. It has been relatively mild; the major surprise had been the widespread Tamiflu resistance in the circulating human H1N1 strain.
                Dr. Cox of the disease control center said officials did not yet know whether the flu shot this year protected against the new swine strain.


                <NYT_UPDATE_BOTTOM></NYT_UPDATE_BOTTOM>
                </NYT_TEXT>

                Comment


                • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City &amp; Oaxaca

                  <TABLE style="TABLE-LAYOUT: auto" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" summary="Main Page Table" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top><TABLE cellSpacing=10 cellPadding=0 summary="Main Content Table" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2>More US swine flu cases, Mexico illnesses raise pandemic questions

                  Lisa Schnirring Staff Writer

                  Apr 23, 2009 (CIDRAP News) ? Five more cases of an unusual swine influenza virus infection have surfaced, officials from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced today, bringing the total to seven and raising more concerns about human-to-human transmission.
                  The new cases include two clusters, two 16-year-old boys in San Antonio, Tex., who attended the same school and a father and daughter from San Diego County. Anne Schuchat, MD, interim deputy director for the CDC's science and public health program, told reporters today at a teleconference that the clusters are consistent with human-to-human spread.
                  She also said that the World Health Organization has not raised its six-phase pandemic alert level above phase 3 (no or very limited human-to-human transmission).
                  The fifth new case occurred in a patient from Imperial County, which borders San Diego County. Both counties are home to the first two swine flu patients that the CDC announced on Apr 21.
                  News of the five new swine flu cases came on the same day Canadian officials warned its public health, medical, and quarantine workers to look for illnesses among Canadians returning from Mexico. Mexico has reported several cases of severe respiratory illness and has asked Canada to assist in finding the source of the illnesses, some of which have been fatal, according to a report today from the Canadian Press (CP).
                  Schuchat said no swine flu cases have been confirmed in Mexico or Canada, but that CDC officials are discussing the situation with Mexican health officials and representatives from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO).
                  Novel strain, relatively mild symptoms
                  Concerning the seven American cases, Schuchat said, "The good news is that all of the patients have recovered, and one was hospitalized. This is not looking like a very severe influenza."
                  Patients experience fever, cough, and sore throat symptoms similar to typical influenza, but some of the patients who had swine influenza also experienced more diarrhea and vomiting than is typical of seasonal flu.
                  The CDC said genetic sequencing of samples from the first two patients, California children who lived in adjacent counties, show that the swine flu virus contains segments from four different viruses: some North American swine, some North American avian, one human influenza, and two Eurasian swine.
                  "This virus hasn't been recognized in the USA or elsewhere," Schuchat said.
                  CDC scientists have determined that the novel swine flu virus is resistant to the older antivirals rimantadine and amantadine but is susceptible to oseltamivir and zanamivir.
                  Schuchat said the CDC expects to see more swine flu cases and that it would provide regular updates on its Web site.
                  "This is not time for major concern around the country, but we want you to know what's going on," she said. Most of the public health response will focus on the California and Texas areas where cases have been identified, but the CDC is urging health departments in other states to heighten their awareness of respiratory illnesses, particularly in those who have had contact with pigs or traveled to the San Diego or San Antonio areas.
                  Schuchat said the CDC doesn't know yet if the H1N1 component of this season's influenza vaccine provides any protection against the swine flu virus, but she said studies are under way to determine if there is any cross-protection.
                  Expert reaction
                  Michael T. Osterholm, PhD, MPH, director of the University of Minnesota Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, publisher of CIDRAP News, said the findings, though concerning, don't mean that a pandemic is imminent.
                  However, he said health officials shouldn't take comfort in the fact that the illnesses so far have been mild. "The first wave of the 1918 pandemic was mild, too," Osterholm pointed out.
                  Walter Dowdle, PhD, who worked in the CDC's virology unit during the 1976 swine flu outbreak, told CIDRAP News that it's interesting but not greatly alarming that the 2009 swine flu strain contains such an unusual mix of gene segments.
                  "It's a real mutt," said Dowdle, who now works with the Task Force for Child Survival and Development, based in Atlanta "When you have an evolving RNA mechanism, it's hard to be surprised by anything."
                  The H1N1 component of the seasonal flu vaccine might provide some degree of protection, he said. And if the swine flu virus persists, federal officials could consider adding an additional H1N1 strain to next year's vaccine.
                  Marie Gramer, DVM, PhD, a University of Minnesota veterinarian who has studied swine flu, said her preliminary examination shows that the outbreak strain doesn't appear to closely match anything currently circulating in pigs. However, Gramer added that she has only looked at a small number of viruses and only at the hemagglutinin gene.
                  Risk message implications
                  Peter Sandman, PhD, a risk communication consultant based in Princeton, N.J., also listened in on today's CDC teleconference. While he credited the CDC with getting a clear, calm, and concise scientific message out about the swine flu cases, he said they missed a teachable moment to promote pandemic preparedness.
                  "Everyone needs to learn how to say 'This could be bad, and it's a good reason the take precautions and prepare' and 'This could fizzle out,'" Sandman said. "They need to simultaneously say both statements."
                  He added that "good risk communicators need to know how to be both scary and tentative."
                  Federal health officials are probably treading cautiously around the word "pandemic," because some accused them of fear mongering when they raised concerns about the H5N1 virus 2 years ago and also because of overreaction during the 1976 swine flu epidemic that led to vaccination missteps.
                  When talking to the public about pandemic risks, federal officials could take some cues from hurricane forecasters, Sandman said, "and speculate responsibly."
                  Canadian officials probe Mexico illnesses
                  Canada's Public Health Authority (PHAC) said today in a situation update that Mexican authorities have asked its assistance in determining the cause of two clusters of severe respiratory illnesses that have occurred this month.
                  A cluster in Mexico City involved 120 cases and 13 deaths; the other occurred in San Luis Potosi, where 14 cases and 4 deaths were reported. Three deaths were reported from other locations: One from Oaxaca in southern Mexico and two from Baja California Norte, near the US border.
                  The PHAC report said the disease outbreak struck some healthcare workers and that most patients were previously healthy young adults between the ages of 25 and 44. Symptoms included fever, headache, ocular pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue that rapidly progressed to severe respiratory distress in about 5 days.
                  Mexican officials detected some influenza A/H1N1 and influenza B viruses, but have apparently ruled out H5N1 virus involvement. The PHAC said it received 51 clinical samples from Mexico for testing at its National Microbiology Lab.
                  Mexico told the PHAC that it had a late influenza season with an increasing number of influenza-like illnesses since the middle of March. The country also had a higher proportion of influenza B viruses than previous seasons.
                  See also:
                  Apr 21 CIDRAP News story "Human swine flu cases with unique train raise concern"
                  Apr 22 CIDRAP News story "Swine flu cases recall 1976 episode"
                  CDC swine flu investigation page
                  CDC swine flu information

                  </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD><!-- end MAIN CONTENT CELL --></TR><!-- FOOTER --><TR><TD colSpan=9><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" summary=Footer border=0><TBODY><TR><TD class=footer width="100%" background=/cidrap/images/footer_stretch.gif height=9> http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/panflu/news/apr2309swineflu.html</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
                  </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

                  Comment


                  • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City &amp; Oaxaca

                    Seven people in U.S. hit by strange new swine flu

                    Thu Apr 23, 2009 11:02pm EDT
                    By Maggie Fox, Health and Science Editor
                    WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Seven people have been diagnosed with a new kind of swine flu in California and Texas, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported on Thursday.
                    All seven people have recovered but the virus itself is a never-before-seen mixture of viruses typical among pigs, birds and humans, the CDC said.
                    "We are likely to find more cases," the CDC's Dr. Anne Schuchat told a telephone briefing. "We don't think this is time for major concern around the country."
                    Only one of the seven cases was sick enough to be hospitalized and all have recovered, Schuchat said.
                    CDC officials are unsure whether the cases are related to an unusually late and severe flu season in Mexico in which 20 people have died.
                    "Generally the period of infection ends during the last week of February and the first week of March, but this year there was an atypical situation where the transmission period was prolonged until April," Mexico's Ministry of Health said in a statement.
                    Canadian officials have asked doctors to keep an eye out for cases of respiratory illness among travelers from Mexico.
                    "Symptoms from those seriously ill in Mexico include high fever, headache, eye pain, shortness of breath and extreme fatigue with rapid progression of symptoms to severe respiratory distress in about five days," the British Columbia Center for Disease Control said in a statement.
                    In the United States, the CDC reported the new strain of swine flu on Tuesday in a boy and a girl from California's two southernmost counties.
                    Now, five more cases have been found via normal surveillance for seasonal influenza. None of the patients, whose symptoms closely resembled seasonal flu, had any direct contact with pigs.
                    Two of the new cases were among 16-year-olds at the same school in San Antonio "and there's a father-daughter pair in California," Schuchat said. The boy whose case was reported on Tuesday had flown to Dallas, but the CDC has found no links to the other Texas cases.
                    The agency will issue daily updates here
                    HUMAN TO HUMAN
                    "We believe at this point that human-to-human spread is occurring," Schuchat said. "That's unusual. We don't know yet how widely it is spreading ... We are also working with international partners to understand what is occurring in other parts of the world."
                    The CDC's Dr. Nancy Cox said virus samples from the seven appear to carry genes from swine flu, avian flu and human flu viruses from North America, Europe and Asia.
                    "We haven't seen this strain before, but we hadn't been looking as intensively as we have," Schuchat said. "It's very possible that this is something new that hasn't been happening before."
                    Surveillance for and scrutiny of influenza has been stepped up since 2003, when H5N1 bird flu reappeared in Asia. Experts fear this strain, or another strain, could spark a pandemic that could kill millions.
                    The influenza A strain is an H1N1, the same subtype as one of the seasonal flu viruses now circulating. Now that the normal influenza season is waning, it may be easier to spot cases of the new swine flu, Schuchat said.
                    The CDC is asking doctors to think about the possibility of swine flu when patients appear with flu-like symptoms, to take a sample and send it to state health officials or the CDC for testing.
                    Cox said the CDC is already preparing a vaccine against the new strain, just in case.
                    "This is standard operating procedure," he said.
                    (With additional reporting by Mica Rosenberg in Mexico City and Allan Dowd in Vancouver)

                    http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSTRE53M63F20090424

                    Comment


                    • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City &amp; Oaxaca

                      Mexico shuts schools around capital in flu scare

                      Fri Apr 24, 2009 12:56am EDT

                      MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - Mexico is canceling classes for millions of children in the heart of the country on Friday after influenza killed around 20 people in recent weeks.
                      Canada's government advised doctors to be on the alert for reports of illness from people who recently traveled to Mexico, although it did not advise against visiting the popular beach vacation destination.
                      Mexican Health Minister Jose Angel Cordoba said on Thursday schools and universities in Mexico City and the surrounding area would be closed on Friday and advised people with flu symptoms to stay home from work.
                      "We recommend avoiding places or events with a lot of people unless strictly necessary," Cordoba said.
                      Mexico's flu season normally ends in February or March, but it has extended longer this year, the government said.
                      Canadian officials have been particularly sensitive to the international spread of respiratory illnesses since Toronto was hit by the SARS epidemic in 2003, which was blamed partly on a slow response to early disease reports.
                      About 79 people in Mexico are being treated for flu and that number has not increased in recent days, the Health Ministry said.
                      In the United States, seven people have been diagnosed with a new kind of swine flu in California and Texas, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported.
                      All seven people there have recovered but the virus itself is a never-before-seen mixture of viruses typical among pigs, birds and humans, the CDC said.
                      (Reporting by Noel Randewich and Armando Tovar; editing by Mohammad Zargham)

                      Comment


                      • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City &amp; Oaxaca

                        Originally posted by niman View Post
                        <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.recombinomics.com/News/04240901/H1N1_Swine_Mexico.html">Commentary on swine flu in Mexico</a>
                        Commentary

                        Human Swine Flu Spread to Texas and Likely Import from Mexico

                        Recombinomics Commentary 00:55
                        April 24, 2009

                        Now, five more cases have been seen -- all found via normal surveillance for seasonal influenza. None of the patients, whose symptoms closely resembled seasonal flu, had any direct contact with pigs.

                        "We believe at this point that human-to-human spread is occurring," Schuchat said. "That's unusual. We don't know yet how widely it is spreading ... We are also working with international partners to understand what is occurring in other parts of the world."

                        Two of the new cases were among 16-year-olds at the same school in San Antonio "and there's a father-daughter pair in California," Schuchat said. One of the boys whose cases was reported on Tuesday had flown to Dallas but the CDC has found no links to the other Texas cases.

                        Only one of the seven cases was sick enough to be hospitalized and all have recovered, Schuchat said.

                        The above comments in Reuters describe several points made in today’s CDC conference call. The additional confirmed cases leave little doubt that the swine flu is transmitting human-to-human and has now been confirmed in three <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.recombinomics.com/News/04220902/H1N1_CA_Swine_H2H.html">distinct locations</a> in two states (see updated map), confirming <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.recombinomics.com/News/04230902/H1N1_CA_Swine_Sustained.html">sustained transmissions</a>.

                        The infection of classmates in San Antonio, as well as the father and daughter in California further highlight efficient transmission. The hospitalization of one patient, who had been on a ventilator, raises concerns that infections will produce a wide range of presentations.

                        The location of the confirmed cases in states that border Mexico, as well as media reports of pneumonia in Canadian travelers returning from Mexico, strongly suggests that the outbreak of influenza in Mexico is also swine flu.

                        The confirmed cases in the United States likely represent a pandemic of H1N1 swine flu. At this point, most confirmed cases in the United States have been mild and there have been no confirmed fatalities. However, in Mexico there has been a <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.recombinomics.com/News/04230901/SRI_Mexico_Alert.html">high case fatality rate</a> high case fatality rate[/URL] among young adults, 25-44, with atypical pneumonia, which has similarities with the 1918 pandemic.[/COLOR]

                        Moreover, the 1918 pandemic was composed of eight gene segments representing recombination between H1N1 seasonal flu and H1N1 swine flu.

                        An efficiently transmitted swine flu can lead to co-infection with H1N1 seasonal flu. Oseltamivir resistance (H274Y) has become fixed in H1N1 seasonal flu, raising concerns that recombination or reassortment will lead to Tamiflu resistance in the swine flu, which is already resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. Moreover, the existing trivalent seasonal flu vaccine will likely offer little protection.

                        The spread of swine flu in the United States, and likely import from Mexico, creates a major cause for concern.

                        .
                        "The next major advancement in the health of American people will be determined by what the individual is willing to do for himself"-- John Knowles, Former President of the Rockefeller Foundation

                        Comment


                        • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City &amp; Oaxaca

                          Machine translation

                          They extend sanitary wall against influenza

                          Vie, 24/04/2009 - 01:17

                          The holder of the Sanitary Jurisdiction exhorted to maintain the calm since cases by the bud of this evil have not appeared here, but also asks to take the preventive measures to avoid it.

                          The application of vaccines will continue in the zone, by the bud of influenza that usually occurs in winter. Photo: JOSE LUIS MUD WALL

                          Due to its proximity with Veracruz and Potos&#237; San Luis, and the alert status in which are these two organizations by the cases of influenza, the South zone maintains a wall sanitary to avoid that the disease extends to Tampico, Madero and Altamira. After which the federal secretary of the Secretariat of Health, Jose Angel Cordoba Villalobos, would explain that in the hospitals of the Federal District, San Luis Potos&#237;, North Baja California, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala, Hidalgo and Veracruz individual sanitary walls by the bud of the stationary epidemic of influenza, the holder of the Sanitary Jurisdiction settled number two, Ernesto Lav&#237;n, said that in the South zone it was decided to extend the sanitary wall that it was undertaken from November of the past year.

                          It assured that until the moment 46 thousand vaccines against influenza have been applied, 22 thousand in minors five years and 24 thousand in adults majors, in the modules installed in the different dependencies from Health, as well as in which they were placed in the streets of the zone center of Tampico. Similarly, it asked to the population to maintain the calm, because until the moment in the South zone a single case of influenza has not appeared stationary, even so the Secretariat of Health does not lower the guard by the proximity of the municipalities that integrate the Sanitary Jurisdiction with the North zone of Veracruz. It indicated that the sanitary wall consists of the application of vaccines, as well as in the monitoring of patients with febrile pictures or symptoms of gripa, this because the 70 percent of the patient that is taken care of in the Civil hospital of Tampico, comes from the state of Veracruz. Influenza affects the respiratory tract; it can initiate with resfriado and frequently it is accompanied by general symptoms like muscular fever, pain throat, weakness, pains (mialgias), you will articulate (arthralgias), and of head (migraine), with cough (that are generally dry and without mucosity) and general malaise. In some more serious cases it can be complicated with pulmon&#237;a (pneumonia), that can be mortal, especially in small children and, mainly, old. Although it is possible to be confused with the resfriado one (cold) common, is one more a more serious disease and is caused by a type different from virus. Also it can bring about nauseas and vomits, more often in children, who to the being gastroenteritis symptoms cause that stomach or abdominal influenza is denominated.

                          It is transmitted from individuals infected through drops in virus aerosol loaded (coming from saliva, nasal and bronchial secretion), that are emitted with the cough or the estornudos or only when speaking. Already much more rarely, through lees of infected birds. Also he is transmissible by the blood and the surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus, that denominate fomites. The virus of the influenza resists more in dry and cold atmosphere. They can conserve its infectious capacity during one week to the temperature of the human body, during 30 days to 0&#186;C and much more time to smaller temperatures.

                          Anahy Meza


                          Last edited by AlaskaDenise; October 3, 2009, 07:06 PM. Reason: remove photo

                          Comment


                          • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City &amp; Oaxaca

                            --------------------------------------
                            president cancelled planned visit because of influenza
                            confirmation of foreign laboratories that this is a new influenza virus,
                            ---------------------------------------


                            Due to the nationwide epidemic of influenza, which already is? present at this border, President Felipe Calder? n Hinojosa cancel? last night? last visit to ten hours? scheduled for a d? aa Ciudad Ju? rez.

                            Following a meeting? N argued that the president of the nation? N some of his cabinet in the capital of the country? S, is determined? provided that the trip was canceled for today to address the situation? of emergency that has been generated by the outbreak of the disease.

                            According to staff of Communication? Social Chair of the Municipal Council, told the federal government? that due to force majeure not attributable to any situation? n Ciudad Ju? rez is suspended? tour scheduled for this town to a later date, without specifying the reasons.

                            Last night on television channels? N Nationally, the Health Secretary, Jos? ? ngel C? rdova Villalobos admitted? it is an epidemic outbreak of influenza occurred in the center of the country? s, even when told that the disease has also been presented? No other states of the country? s lesser n? number of cases.

                            Referred? who had the confirmation? of foreign laboratories that this is a new influenza virus, but ensures? that the epidemic is? controlled? but we need to strengthen preventive measures?.

                            ? Ten? Masters by some suspicion acute cases? Aims?.

                            The cancellation? On tour tom n? surprise even to the owner of the Secretariat? at the National Defense, Guillermo Galv?n? n Galve? n, who was already in this city yesterday to participate in activities that have? the federal programs.

                            The itinerary of the president of M? Mexico was scheduled to begin at 9:30 am, precisely when to go? Aa the Guarnici? Of the Plaza, located on the premises of 20avo. Battle? Of Caballer? A motor is? N Blue Ravine on the street south of the city.

                            Then at 11:45 it was planned in Central Park to lead the ceremony to reopen the section? N east, which is the subject of a remodelaci? N.

                            Then hold? To a meeting? No private meeting with members of the clusters? N Maquila Software, a conglomerate of business managers and the maquiladora industry.

                            Then come back? To Ju City Airport? Rez to go.

                            Since the beginning of the week dozens of elements of the Presidential bedroom? An itinerary of some items listed in the itinerary president.
                            I'm interested in expert panflu damage estimates
                            my current links: http://bit.ly/hFI7H ILI-charts: http://bit.ly/CcRgT

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                            • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City &amp; Oaxaca

                              translation from Indonesian

                              MEXICO CITY, KOMPAS.com - Mexico closed all schools and universities, to accommodate the millions of students and students in the heart of the country, Friday (24 / 4), after the influenza (flu) killed about 20 people in a few weeks back.

                              Government of Canada recommends, so that the doctors on standby disease reports, from residents who have not recently visited Mexico. Although the Government of Canada does not prohibit citizens to visit tourist areas popular Mexico beach.

                              Mexican Health Minister Jose Angel Cordoba, Thursday, said, schools and universities in Mexico City and surrounding areas will be closed and encourage people who have symptoms of flu fell ill to remain living at home.

                              "We recommend not to travel to places or events, that was attended by many people but is very much needed," said Cordoba.

                              Flu outbreak in Mexico usually ends in February or March, but now more infectious outbreaks are rather long years ago, the government said.

                              Canadian officials about the development of disease re-respiratory disturbances, which is spreading throughout the world since Toronto SARS outbreak was in 2003. Blame the government had a Ministry of Health slow in anticipating the reports of the disease early.

                              Around 79 people treated in Mexico because of the number of flu and was not increased in the days of late. Likewise the Ministry of Health disclosed.

                              "In the U.S., seven people have been diagnosed with one type of new, swine flu, in California and Texas," said Center reports Disease Control and Prevention. Seventh person has now recovered.

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                              • Re: Mexico: Respiratory Illnesses - Including Mexico City &amp; Oaxaca

                                Suspended classes in the City and Edomex
                                En un mensaje en Cadena Nacional, el secretario de Salud reconoci? la existencia de una epidemia por un nuevo virus de influenza, por lo que tanto en los planteles p?blicos y privados, de todos los niveles educativos, es decir, desde preescolar hasta el nivel universitario se cancelan las clases para evitar contagios.


                                In a message on a national network, the Health Secretary acknowledged the existence of an epidemic of a new influenza virus, so both the public and private campuses, at all educational levels, ie from kindergarten to university level Classes are canceled to avoid infections.
                                <LI style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick=window.print();>
                                Jue, 23/04/2009 - 23:09
                                Thu, 23/04/2009 - 23:09
                                C?rdoba Villalobos dijo que se suspender?n clases desde preescolar hasta nivel universitario en escuelas privadas y p?blicasNtx.
                                Cordova Villalobos said that classes will be suspended from kindergarten to university level in private schools and p?blicasNtx.

                                Ciudad de M?xico.- El secretario de Salud, Jos? ?ngel C?rdova Villalobos, inform? que acord? con la Secretaria de Educaci?n P?blica suspenden las clases en el Distrito Federal y en el Estado de M?xico para evitar el contagio de la influenza.
                                Mexico City .- The Health Secretary Jose Angel Cordova Villalobos, reported that an agreement with the Secretary of Education suspended classes in the Federal District and the State of Mexico to avoid contracting influenza.
                                En un mensaje en Cadena Nacional desde el Los Pinos, el titular de la Salud reconoci? la existencia de una epidemia con un nuevo virus de influenza, pero, asegu? que est? controlada.
                                In a message on a national network from Los Pinos, the owner of Health acknowledged the existence of an epidemic with a new influenza virus, but ensure that it is controlled.
                                Hoy los casos fueron menos que en d?as anteriores, pero se tienen que reforzar las medias preventivas.
                                Today, the cases were less than in previous days, but you have to reinforce preventive measures in.
                                La suspensi?n de clases ser? tanto en los planteles p?blicos y privados, de todos los niveles educativos, es decir, desde preescolar hasta el nivel universitario.
                                The suspension of classes will be both public and private campuses, at all educational levels, ie from kindergarten to university level.
                                En entrevista con Joaqu?n L?pez D?riga el funcionario se?al? que con el apoyo de laboratorios de Canad? y Estados Unidos, se detect? el virus.
                                In an interview with Joaquin Lopez Doriga the official noted that with the support of laboratories in Canada and United States, the virus was detected.
                                La enfermedade tambi?n se han presentado en otros estados de la Rep?blica, pero en menor medida, muy probablemente porque la zona metropolitana se convierte la de mayor aglomeraci?n.
                                The disease has also been presented in other Mexican states, but to a lesser extent, most likely because the metropolitan area is the largest agglomeration.
                                El funcionario consider? importante prevenir los contagios en lugares donde se concentran aglomeraciones, empezando por las misa escuelas en donde hay que cortar el contagio y tratar de evitar que se propague m?s la enfermedad.
                                The official considered important to prevent infection in places where there are queues, starting with Mass at schools where you have to cut the infection and try to prevent the disease from spreading further.
                                C?rdoba Villalobos dio a conocer adem?s una serie de recomendaciones para evitar la propagaci?n de esta enfermedad.
                                Cordova Villalobos announced a series of recommendations for preventing the spread of this diseasehttp://74.125.91.132/translate_c?hl=...R5xJCzFMkj5nNA
                                CSI:WORLD http://swineflumagazine.blogspot.com/

                                treyfish2004@yahoo.com

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