Announcement

Collapse
No announcement yet.

Archive: WHO, 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza - Updates (until the end of July 2010)

Collapse
X
 
  • Filter
  • Time
  • Show
Clear All
new posts

  • Giuseppe
    replied
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 98 - Weekly update

    [Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_04_30a/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 98</cite>.]

    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 98 - Weekly update

    30 April 2010


    As of 25th of April, worldwide more than 214 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 17919 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and Member States and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    The current situation is largely unchanged since the last update. The most active areas of transmission of pandemic influenza H1N1 virus continue to be parts of West and Central Africa with some focal areas of activity in South and Southeast Asia. Pandemic influenza activity H1N1 remains low in much of the temperate areas of both the northern and southern hemispheres. Seasonal influenza type B virus is the predominant influenza virus, though also at low levels of circulation, across East Asia, Northern and Eastern Europe. Influenza type B viruses have also been detected in Central Africa and this week in West Africa. Seasonal influenza H3N2 viruses have continued to be detected in South and Southeast Asia, as well as sporadically in some countries of West and Central Africa, and Eastern Europe.

    In Sub-Saharan Africa, data from a limited number of countries suggests that active transmission of pandemic influenza H1N1 virus is declining across West and West-central Africa. Ghana is reporting moderate amounts of pandemic virus (16 % of all clinical specimens tested were positive for pandemic influenza) but smaller numbers of cases continue to be detected in Senegal, Niger and Cameroon.

    In East Africa, influenza activity has returned to low levels. Only Rwanda has detected small numbers of pandemic virus in the past week. In addition, a few seasonal influenza H3N2 viruses are seen in Ghana. Influenza type B has been increasingly detected in the area, notably in Ghana and Cameroon.

    In East Asia, pandemic influenza H1N1 virus circulation is now sporadic. In China, Mongolia, and Republic of Korea most influenza like illness cases continued to be primarily due to seasonal influenza type B viruses. In China and Mongolia influenza detections have continued to decline compared to previous recent weeks. The Republic of Korea reported increasing levels of respiratory disease activity associated with increasing detections of seasonal influenza type B in respiratory specimens over five consecutive weeks. Of note, small numbers of pandemic influenza H1N1, seasonal H3N2 and H1N1 viruses continued to be sporadically detected in some countries of the region.

    In Southeast Asia, overall levels of influenza activity were low. Although the predominant influenza virus circulating was still pandemic influenza H1N1, there was co-circulation of seasonal influenza type B and, to a lesser extent, H3N2 viruses in several countries including Singapore, Cambodia, Indonesia and Thailand.

    Malaysia has reported increasing levels of respiratory diseases activity associated with pandemic influenza H1N1 laboratory confirmed cases. Media sources have also reported school closures in the country.

    In Singapore, influenza-like-illness levels are still below the seasonal epidemic threshold but have increased compared to previous week.

    In South Asia, Bangladesh reported an increase in respiratory diseases activity associated with increasing numbers of pandemic influenza H1N1 laboratory confirmed cases since beginning of April.

    India reported pandemic influenza activity in the states of Maharashtra and recently Karnataka. Levels of respiratory diseases activity in both of these countries appear much less intense than in the initial wave of transmission which occurred late 2009. Although pandemic influenza is the predominant virus circulating in the region, seasonal influenza type B viruses continued to be detected in Iran and Bangladesh.

    In the tropical zone of the Americas, limited data suggested that pandemic influenza H1N1 activity remains low but with a few localized areas of transmission. Jamaica, Panama and Guatemala, reported increasing trends in respiratory disease activity. In Cuba, all provinces reported an increase in numbers of acute respiratory diseases cases in the last two weeks, mainly from the city of Havana. In Peru, the number of pneumonia cases in children under 5 years of age in Lima has been increasing since six consecutive weeks and remained above the epidemic threshold. However, the extent to which these pneumonia cases have been due to pandemic influenza H1N1 virus is not known. Notably, respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) has been reported to be circulating in the area.In the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, overall pandemic influenza H1N1 activity remained low.

    In United States, the proportion of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness was below the national baseline. No influenza B is reported by countries of North America.

    In Europe, pandemic influenza activity is at very low intensity in all countries. The overall proportion of sentinel respiratory samples testing positive for influenza remained stable at about 4.5%. For the current week, the total number of sentinel influenza B detections continued to exceed that of influenza A, mainly due to viral detections from Eastern Europe: Central, Siberian, Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan.

    In the temperate countries of the Southern Hemisphere, influenza-like illness activity remained low and at the levels experienced at the same time in previous years. Australia has continued to report sporadic detections of pandemic influenza H1N1, seasonal influenza B and H3N2 viruses in low numbers in recent weeks.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).

    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    The cumulative total for reports of antiviral resistant isolates of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus remains at 285. There have been no new cases reported since the situation update on 16 April 2010.

    28 April 2010 -- For this reporting week (15-28 April 2010), no additional cases of oseltamivir resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses have been reported. The cumulative total remains at 285 so far. All but one of these have the H275Y substitution and are assumed to remain sensitive to zanamivir.

    (*) Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.

    (**) Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:

    MAP OF INFLUENZA ACTIVITY AND VIRUS SUBTYPES (WEEK 15: 11 APRIL - 17 APRIL 2010)

    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 230kb]

    Description: Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet, WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview

    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 15: 13 July 2009 - 17 April 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.

    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline

    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 25th of April 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 97): none.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 97): none.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 168
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 8316
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) ** - 1019
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4835
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1773
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1808
    • Total* - At least 17919

    (*) The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    (**) No update since 7 March 2010
    -
    ------

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 97 - Weekly update

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 97

    [Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_04_23a/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 97</cite>. Edited.]

    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 97 - Weekly update

    23 April 2010


    As of 18 April 2010, worldwide more than 214 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 17853 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    Summary:
    Currently the most active areas of transmission of pandemic influenza are in parts of West and Central Africa but transmission is also still occurring in South East Asia, and Central America. Pandemic influenza activity remains low in much of the temperate zone of both the northern and southern hemispheres. Seasonal influenza type B viruses have been increasingly detected over a larger area and are now the predominant circulating influenza viruses across East Asia, Central Africa and Northern and Eastern Europe. Very small numbers of type B viruses have also recently been detected in Central America. Seasonal influenza H3N2 is still being detected in South and Southeast Asia (mainly Indonesia), as well as sporadically in several countries of West Africa, and Eastern Europe.

    In Europe, most countries reported a low intensity of respiratory diseases with only 6.8% of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza. This week the total number of influenza B virus detections continued to exceed that of influenza A, as in recent weeks, although at low levels. Of note, some sporadic detections of seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 viruses were reported in Eastern Europe.

    In East Asia, very few pandemic influenza viruses are being detected. In China, Mongolia, and Republic of Korea most influenza like illness (ILI) cases are now due primarily to influenza type B viruses.

    In China, overall influenza activity continues to decline and no pandemic influenza virus was detected this week.

    In Mongolia, influenza type B virus continues to circulate but is declining since a recent peak. An increased trend of respiratory disease activity associated with increasing circulation of influenza type B viruses has been reported in the Republic of Korea during the past few weeks. Small numbers of seasonal influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses continue to be sporadically reported in some countries of the region.

    In South and Southeast Asia, the most active areas of transmissions of pandemic influenza are in Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Although pandemic influenza virus is the predominant circulating influenza virus in the region, influenza H3N2 and influenza type B continue to co-circulate in Singapore and Thailand and Indonesia. In Singapore, rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory infections (ARI) increased compared to previous week but are still below the epidemic threshold.

    In Indonesia, in contrast to other countries of the area, the predominant virus circulating continues to be influenza H3N2, with few detections of influenza type B and pandemic influenza viruses. In Malaysia, an increase in the number of respiratory disease consultations due to influenza-like-illness (ILI) was reported in the majority of the states compared to previous week. In Bangladesh, a small but slightly increased (compared to the previous week) numbers of pandemic influenza cases continues to be detected.

    Limited available data from North Africa suggests that respiratory disease activity there remains low. In sub-Saharan Africa, available data suggests ongoing community transmission of pandemic influenza virus in West Africa.

    Transmission appears to have peaked in Senegal in February but Ghana continues to have active, though decreasing, transmission. Cote d`Ivoire and Niger reported increasing trends of respiratory disease activity but no virological data were available. In central Africa, low levels of pandemic influenza activity continue to be reported in Cameroon. In addition, small numbers of seasonal influenza H3N2 virus detections were reported by Angola. In eastern Africa, pandemic influenza virus continues to be detected in declining numbers in Rwanda with persistent reporting of small numbers of seasonal influenza H3N2 in Rwanda and Kenya. No increase in respiratory disease activity or detections of pandemic influenza viruses have yet been noted in Southern Africa. Influenza type B has been increasingly detected in some countries of central Africa.

    In the tropical zone of the Americas, Ecuador, El Salvador and Guatemala, reported increases in respiratory diseases activity. In Guatemala, the number of respiratory disease consultations increased 80% compared to the previous week. Of note, co-circulation of other respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza, and adenovirus has been detected in addition to small numbers of pandemic influenza virus.

    In Mexico, during early April 2010, the sentinel surveillance system reported a 38.6% decrease in the number of influenza-like-illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) cases compared to the previous week.

    In the temperate zone of the southern hemisphere, Chile reported regional increases in ILI activity for the past four weeks. While the national ILI levels remain below the epidemic threshold, in Los Lagos, Tarapac?, and in some southern regions, the ILI level is above epidemic threshold. For the most recent reporting week, 6.8% of sentinel surveillance samples tested positive for respiratory viruses. Of these, 52.9% for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 23.5% for adenovirus, and 11.8% were positive for pandemic influenza virus.

    In Australia and New Zealand, there is no evidence yet of the start of winter-time community transmission of influenza viruses. Australia has had sporadic detections of pandemic H1N1 viruses and seasonal influenza type B viruses in low numbers.

    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    The cumulative total for reports of antiviral resistant isolates of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus remains at 285. There have been no new cases reported since the situation update on 16 April 2010.

    Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 17kb]

    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.
    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:

    MAP OF INFLUENZA ACTIVITY AND VIRUS SUBTYPES (WEEK 14: 4 APRIL - 10 APRIL 2010)

    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 263kb]

    Description:
    Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet, WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview

    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 14: 13 July 2009 - 10 April 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.

    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline

    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 18 April 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 96):none.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 96): none.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 168
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 8309
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) ** - 1019
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4783
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1769
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1805
    • Total* - At least 17853

    *The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    **No update since 7 March 2010

    -
    -----

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 96

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 96

    [Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_04_16/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 96</cite>. Edited.]

    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 96 - Weekly update

    16 April 2010


    As of 11 April 2010, worldwide more than 214 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 17798 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    The most active areas of pandemic influenza virus transmission currently are in parts of the tropical zones of the Americas, West Africa, Eastern Africa and South East Asia. Although pandemic influenza continues to be the predominant circulating influenza virus worldwide, seasonal influenza type B virus circulation continues to be predominant in East Asia, and is being detected across other parts of Asia, and Europe at low levels. Sporadic detections of seasonal influenza H3N2 viruses have been reported across Asia, Eastern Europe and Eastern Africa most notably in recent weeks in Indonesia and Tanzania. Few seasonal H1N1 viruses were reported in the Russian Federation and Northern China in the last week.

    In East Asia, pandemic influenza activity continued to decline and is now at very low levels. The predominant virus associated with influenza-like-illness in the area is now influenza type B viruses, which continue to circulate in China, Mongolia, and Republic of Korea.

    The Republic of Korea reports an increasing trend of respiratory disease activity associated with detections of influenza type B viruses and small numbers of pandemic H1N1.

    In China, outbreaks of acute respiratory infections associated with B virus detections are reported but none due to pandemic H1N1. The overall level of respiratory disease activity is similar to the level observed during the same period of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 seasons. Small numbers of seasonal H3N2 and sporadic seasonal H1N1 viruses were detected in Northern China.

    In Mongolia, rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) continue to decline and are associated with influenza type B only.

    In South and Southeast Asia, the most active areas of influenza transmission are Thailand and Singapore, where pandemic H1N1 is the dominant influenza virus, with co-circulation at lower levels of influenza type B and H3N2. Overall, the intensity of transmission is relatively low.

    In Thailand, respiratory disease activity has decreased since the previous week. Four percent of sentinel respiratory samples from ILI patients and 2.6% of sentinel respiratory samples from hospitalized patients with pneumonia were found to be positive for pandemic H1N1.

    Malaysia continues to report occasional outbreaks of respiratory disease in three states, Johor, Pahang, and Melaka. Only Melaka state has reported pandemic H1N1 laboratory confirmed cases, with 4 cases treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

    In India overall pandemic H1N1 activity is very low in most states, although in western India pandemic H1N1 cases continue to be reported in low numbers.

    In Europe, pandemic influenza activity has continued to decrease in recent weeks and is at very low intensity in all countries. The overall proportion of sentinel respiratory samples testing positive for influenza remained low (5.4%), and the number of influenza type B virus detections exceeded that of influenza A. In Italy, 50% (7/14) of sentinel respiratory samples tested positive for influenza, all of which were seasonal influenza type B viruses.

    In the northern temperate zones of the Americas, overall pandemic influenza transmission remained low as pandemic influenza H1N1 virus continues to circulate at very low levels in some areas. In temperate countries of the southern hemisphere, overall respiratory disease activity remained low.

    In tropical zone of the Americas, limited data suggests that overall influenza activity remains low with localized areas of active transmission in a number of countries.

    In Cuba, a slight increase of confirmed cases of pandemic virus was reported during the most recent reporting week.

    In Mexico, available data suggests that localized active transmission of pandemic influenza virus continues to occur around Mexico City but is very low nationally.

    In Peru, the number of pneumonia cases has increased over the last 2 weeks, especially in children less than 5 years of age, however there is no virological information available to indicate the cause of these cases. The lack of an associated increase in other age groups may indicate a cause other than influenza. Increased levels of ILI have also been reported across much of Brazil over the previous two weeks particularly in northern Brazil.

    In North Africa limited available data suggests that respiratory disease activity remained low. In sub-Saharan Africa, West Africa continues to see community transmission of pandemic influenza virus with Ghana currently being the primary focus of transmission (45% of all clinical specimens tested were positive for pandemic influenza) but smaller numbers of cases were also seen in Senegal and Niger.

    Pandemic influenza virus transmission appears to have peaked in Senegal approximately one month ago.

    Guinea has now reported their first cases of pandemic H1N1.

    In East Africa, cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 continue to be detected in Rwanda, though in declining numbers. Small numbers of seasonal influenza H3N2 and influenza type B viruses were detected during the last week in Rwanda, Kenya and South Africa. Notably, Tanzania has also recently reported significant transmission of seasonal influenza H3N2. No increases in respiratory disease activity or pandemic influenza have yet been noted in South Africa.

    In the South pacific, Vanuatu and Nauru reported an increasing trend of respiratory diseases activity for this week, but this trend was not associated with laboratory confirmed detections of pandemic H1N1 virus.

    In other temperate countries out of the southern hemisphere, Australia and New Zealand, influenza activity continues to be low, with mostly detections of pandemic H1N1 and sporadic seasonal influenza viruses.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).

    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 17kb]

    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.

    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:

    MAP OF INFLUENZA ACTIVITY AND VIRUS SUBTYPES (WEEK 13: 28 MARCH - 3 APRIL 2010)

    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 263kb]

    Description:
    Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet, WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview (LINK)

    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 13: 13 July 2009 - 3 April 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.

    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline

    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 11 April 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 95): Guinea.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 95): Sao Tome and Principe.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 168
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 8274
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) ** - 1019
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4776
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1757
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1804
    • Total* - At least 17798

    (*) The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    (**) No update since 7 March 2010
    -
    ------

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 95 - Weekly update: Chile detects small numbers of severe cases ahead start of season

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 95

    [Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_04_09/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 95</cite>. Edited.]

    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 95 - Weekly update

    9 April 2010


    As of 4 April 2010, worldwide more than 213 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 17700 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    The current situation is largely unchanged since the last update. The most active areas of pandemic influenza virus transmission continue to be in parts of Southeast Asia, West Africa, and in the tropical zone of the Americas. In Chile, a country of the southern hemisphere temperate zone, there is evidence of early localized pandemic influenza virus transmission in advance of the usual start of the southern hemisphere winter influenza season. Seasonal influenza type B viruses continue to actively circulate in East Asia, but are also being detected at low levels across other parts of Asia and Europe.

    In Southeast Asia, the most active transmission of pandemic influenza virus continues to be in Thailand, however, overall disease activity has declined substantially since peaking during late February 2009. During the most recent reporting week, 6.7% and 16% of sentinel respiratory samples from outpatients with ILI and patients hospitalized with pneumonia, respectively, were positive for pandemic influenza. Low levels of seasonal influenza H3N2 and type B viruses have also been detected in Thailand in recent weeks.

    In Malaysia, limited data suggests that recent pandemic influenza activity may be declining with fewer detections of new cases.

    In Indonesia, recent low level circulation of seasonal influenza H3N2 viruses appears to be subsiding.

    In South Asia, limited data suggests the most active areas of pandemic influenza virus transmission continues to be in Bangladesh, where an increasing number of cases have detected since late February 2009.

    Overall pandemic influenza activity remained low across the rest of the subcontinent with persistence of low level circulation of pandemic influenza virus in western India.

    In East Asia, pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate at very low levels as overall rates of respiratory diseases remained low across much of the region. In China, overall rates of ILI remained at expected seasonal levels while most current influenza activity was due to circulating seasonal influenza type B viruses (accounting for >90% influenza virus detections).

    In Mongolia, rates of ILI continued to decline after a recent peak of influenza activity associated with circulation of seasonal influenza type B viruses. Although overall rates of ILI and detections of influenza virus remain low in the Republic of Korea, Hong Kong SAR (China), and Chinese Taipei, an increasing proportion of virus isolates in recent weeks have been seasonal influenza type B viruses.

    In Sub-Saharan Africa, limited data suggests that active circulation of pandemic influenza virus continues across parts of West and west-central Africa, and to a lesser extent in limited areas of East Africa. During early to mid-March 2009, 23% of respiratory sample tested positive for influenza in both Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana (the majority of virus isolates were pandemic H1N1). In Senegal, pandemic influenza transmission remains active but may be declining as the rate of sentinel specimens testing positive for pandemic influenza fell from a peak of 67% during early February 2009 to 17% during the most recent reporting week. In Cameroon, 38% (13/34) of respiratory samples tested positive for influenza during the past two weeks, of which 71% were pandemic and 29% were seasonal influenza type B viruses. Localized areas of active pandemic influenza transmission persist in areas of Eastern Africa, particularly Rwanda and Tanzania. Pandemic influenza virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating in West and East Africa, however, small numbers of seasonal influenza H3N2 viruses have also been identified.

    In Europe, low levels of pandemic influenza virus continue circulate across limited areas of Europe. The overall proportion of sentinel respiratory samples testing positive for influenza remained low (6.2%); the total number of sentinel influenza type B virus detections exceeded that of pandemic influenza virus during the most recent reporting week. In Italy, 31% (9/29) of sentinel respiratory samples tested positive for influenza, all of which were seasonal influenza type B viruses. Most countries in the region reported a low intensity of respiratory diseases, and only Georgia reported geographically widespread influenza activity.

    In tropical zone of the Americas, limited data suggests that overall influenza activity remains low but variable with localized areas of active transmission in several countries, including in Cuba, Guatemala, Peru, and Bolivia, all of which reported an increasing trend of respiratory diseases in association with localized to regional spread of influenza activity in at least one of the two recent reporting weeks. In Mexico, limited data suggests that localized active transmission of pandemic influenza virus continued to occur in several states throughout March 2010, particularly in parts of the Federal District which have reported recent increases in the number of severe and fatal pandemic H1N1 virus infections.

    In Brazil, increased levels of sentinel ILI have been reported across much of Brazil over the past month, however, most recent reports of severe and fatal illness due to pandemic influenza virus infection have been from the northern region.

    In the northern temperate zones of the Americas, overall pandemic influenza transmission remained low as influenza virus continues to circulate at very low levels. In the United States, overall levels of ILI remained below the national baseline and were only slightly elevated above the regional baseline in the southwestern region (although this regional increase was not associated with increased sentinel detections of pandemic or other influenza viruses). The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission in the United States currently appears to be in three southeastern states, all of which reported regional spread of influenza activity.

    In temperate countries of the southern hemisphere, overall influenza activity remained low, with mostly sporadic detections of pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses. Of note, Chile has reported new detections of pandemic virus, including small numbers of severe cases, in at least three regions over the past two weeks; the significance of this early limited circulation of pandemic virus in advance of the usual winter influenza season is not yet known.

    Sporadic detections of seasonal influenza H3N2 viruses continued to be reported across Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas, however, the most active (but overall low) circulation of seasonal H3N2 viruses has been reported in Indonesia.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).

    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 14kb]

    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.

    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:

    MAP OF INFLUENZA ACTIVITY AND VIRUS SUBTYPES (WEEK 10: 28 FEBRUARY - 13 MARCH 2010)

    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 260kb]

    Description: Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet (www.who.int/FluNet), WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview (LINK)

    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 12: 13 July 2009 - 27 March 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.

    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline

    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 4 April 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 94): None.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 94): None.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 167
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 8217
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) ** - 1019
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4763
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1733
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1801
    • Total* - At least 17700

    *The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    **No update since 7 March 2010
    -
    ------

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    Re: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 94

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 94

    [Source: World Health Organization, (LINK). Edited.]

    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 94 - Weekly update

    1 April 2010


    As of 28 March 2010, worldwide more than 213 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 17483 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    The most active areas of pandemic influenza virus transmission currently are in parts of the tropical zones of Asia, the Americas, and Africa. Pandemic influenza activity remains low in much of the temperate areas of both the northern and southern hemispheres. Although pandemic influenza virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating worldwide, seasonal influenza type B viruses are predominant in much of East Asia, and have been increasingly detected at low levels across southeast and western Asia, East Africa, and in parts of eastern and northern Europe.

    Seasonal influenza A (H3N2) is still being detected in very small numbers in parts of Asia and Australia.

    In Southeast Asia, pandemic influenza virus transmission remains active but variable across the region. Thailand continues to report the most active circulation of pandemic virus in the region, however, disease activity may have recently peaked and begun to decline. Approximately half of all provinces in Thailand reported that >10% outpatient visits were due to influenza like illness (ILI). The proportion of outpatient sentinel respiratory samples testing positive for influenza dropped to 10% after peaking at approximately 30% during mid February 2010. In Malaysia, limited data suggest pandemic influenza virus transmission persists as new cases continue to be reported. In Indonesia, no recent pandemic influenza activity has been reported, however, low levels of seasonal influenza H3N2 and type B viruses continue to be detected. In Myanmar, limited data suggest that pandemic influenza has declined substantially since a period of active transmission during February 2010.

    In South Asia, overall pandemic influenza activity remains low, except in Bangladesh, which reported regional spread of pandemic influenza virus in association with an increase in new cases since late February 2010. In India, low level circulation of pandemic influenza virus persists in the western part of the country.

    In East Asia, overall pandemic influenza activity remained low as circulation of seasonal influenza B viruses continued to increase across the region. In China, ILI activity has greatly decreased; however, approximately 20-30% of respiratory samples have tested positive for influenza in recent weeks. Of these, over 85% were seasonal influenza B viruses. In Mongolia, recent intense influenza activity due to seasonal influenza B viruses continues to decrease. Overall rates of ILI have returned to near baseline in both Japan and the Republic of Korea as pandemic influenza virus circulation continues to wane. Seasonal influenza B viruses are circulating at low level across other parts of East and Southeast Asia and Oceania (Hong Kong SAR (China), Japan, Republic of Korea, China Taipei, Philippine, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Australia). Also, small numbers of seasonal influenza H3N2 viruses have been detected in several countries of East and Southeast Asia as well as Oceania, particularly in Indonesia and in Australia.

    In North Africa and Western Asia, limited data suggests that pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels, as overall disease activity remained low across much of the region. In Iran, no pandemic influenza viruses have been detected recently, however, low levels of seasonal influenza B viruses continue to be detected.

    In Sub-Saharan Africa, limited data suggests that pandemic influenza virus transmission remains variable but most active in western Africa and in limited areas of eastern Africa. Localized areas of active pandemic influenza transmission persist in areas of Eastern Africa, particularly Rwanda and Tanzania. Pandemic influenza virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating in West and East Africa, however, small numbers of seasonal influenza H3N2, H1N1, and seasonal influenza B viruses have also been identified.

    In tropical zone of the Americas, limited data suggests that overall influenza activity remains low but variable with localized areas of active transmission in a number of countries. Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Panama, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia, all reported an increasing trend of respiratory diseases associated with circulation of pandemic influenza virus for at least one week during March 2010. Localized increases in pandemic influenza activity have been associated with school outbreaks in several countries; however, in some places disease activity may be partially accounted for by co-circulation of other respiratory viruses. The most active area of pandemic influenza virus circulation in the region appears to be in Brazil where disease activity in the northern region has been associated with pandemic influenza virus transmission. In Mexico, limited data suggests that localized active transmission of pandemic influenza virus continued to occur in several states throughout March 2010, although overall influenza activity did not increase to peak levels observed during fall influenza season.

    In the northern and the southern temperate zones of the Americas, overall pandemic influenza transmission remained low as influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels. Although the national level of ILI activity remained below the seasonal baseline in the United States, three of ten subregions reported a resurgence of ILI activity above their respective baselines. The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently appears to be in the southeastern United States, particularly in the states of Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina, all of which reported regional spread of influenza activity. A corresponding increase in confirmed severe cases of pandemic H1N1 has also been noted in the southeastern United States in recent weeks. In Canada, overall ILI activity remained below the seasonal baseline.

    In temperate countries of the southern hemisphere, overall influenza activity remained low, with sporadic detections of pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses.

    In Europe, low levels of pandemic influenza virus continue to circulate across the region, particularly across southern and eastern Europe. The proportion of sentinel respiratory samples testing positive for influenza remained low (4.6%). Three countries (Latvia, Lithuania and Bulgaria) reported an increasing trend of respiratory diseases activity, however, these trends have not been associated with increased detections of pandemic influenza virus. Increased circulation of seasonal influenza B virus has been observed in the Siberian and far eastern regions of the Russian Federation, and in Italy and Sweden, where it continues to be the predominant circulating virus (although at overall low levels).

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).

    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.

    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:

    MAP OF INFLUENZA ACTIVITY AND VIRUS SUBTYPES (WEEK 10: 28 FEBRUARY - 13 MARCH 2010)

    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 260kb]

    Description: Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet, WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview

    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 11: 13 July 2009 - 20 March 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.

    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline

    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 28 March 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 93): None.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 93): None.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 167
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO)** - At least 8175**
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) *** 1019
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4669
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1726
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1727
    • Total* At least 17483**

    *The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    **Approximately 455 of these deaths occurred during 2009 but were retrospectively reported by AMRO since the previous update
    ***No update since 7 March 2010

    -
    ------

    Leave a comment:


  • tetano
    replied
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 94

    Weekly update

    1 April 2010 -- As of 28 March 2010, worldwide more than 213 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 17483 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.
    Situation update:

    The most active areas of pandemic influenza virus transmission currently are in parts of the tropical zones of Asia, the Americas, and Africa. Pandemic influenza activity remains low in much of the temperate areas of both the northern and southern hemispheres. Although pandemic influenza virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating worldwide, seasonal influenza type B viruses are predominant in much of East Asia, and have been increasingly detected at low levels across southeast and western Asia, East Africa, and in parts of eastern and northern Europe. Seasonal influenza A (H3N2) is still being detected in very small numbers in parts of Asia and Australia.

    In Southeast Asia, pandemic influenza virus transmission remains active but variable across the region. Thailand continues to report the most active circulation of pandemic virus in the region, however, disease activity may have recently peaked and begun to decline. Approximately half of all provinces in Thailand reported that >10% outpatient visits were due to influenza like illness (ILI). The proportion of outpatient sentinel respiratory samples testing positive for influenza dropped to 10% after peaking at approximately 30% during mid February 2010. In Malaysia, limited data suggest pandemic influenza virus transmission persists as new cases continue to be reported. In Indonesia, no recent pandemic influenza activity has been reported, however, low levels of seasonal influenza H3N2 and type B viruses continue to be detected. In Myanmar, limited data suggest that pandemic influenza has declined substantially since a period of active transmission during February 2010.

    In South Asia, overall pandemic influenza activity remains low, except in Bangladesh, which reported regional spread of pandemic influenza virus in association with an increase in new cases since late February 2010. In India, low level circulation of pandemic influenza virus persists in the western part of the country.

    In East Asia, overall pandemic influenza activity remained low as circulation of seasonal influenza B viruses continued to increase across the region. In China, ILI activity has greatly decreased; however, approximately 20-30% of respiratory samples have tested positive for influenza in recent weeks. Of these, over 85% were seasonal influenza B viruses. In Mongolia, recent intense influenza activity due to seasonal influenza B viruses continues to decrease. Overall rates of ILI have returned to near baseline in both Japan and the Republic of Korea as pandemic influenza virus circulation continues to wane. Seasonal influenza B viruses are circulating at low level across other parts of East and Southeast Asia and Oceania (Hong Kong SAR (China), Japan, Republic of Korea, China Taipei, Philippine, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Australia). Also, small numbers of seasonal influenza H3N2 viruses have been detected in several countries of East and Southeast Asia as well as Oceania, particularly in Indonesia and in Australia.

    In North Africa and Western Asia, limited data suggests that pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels, as overall disease activity remained low across much of the region. In Iran, no pandemic influenza viruses have been detected recently, however, low levels of seasonal influenza B viruses continue to be detected.

    In Sub-Saharan Africa, limited data suggests that pandemic influenza virus transmission remains variable but most active in western Africa and in limited areas of eastern Africa. Localized areas of active pandemic influenza transmission persist in areas of Eastern Africa, particularly Rwanda and Tanzania. Pandemic influenza virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating in West and East Africa, however, small numbers of seasonal influenza H3N2, H1N1, and seasonal influenza B viruses have also been identified.

    In tropical zone of the Americas, limited data suggests that overall influenza activity remains low but variable with localized areas of active transmission in a number of countries. Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Panama, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia, all reported an increasing trend of respiratory diseases associated with circulation of pandemic influenza virus for at least one week during March 2010. Localized increases in pandemic influenza activity have been associated with school outbreaks in several countries; however, in some places disease activity may be partially accounted for by co-circulation of other respiratory viruses. The most active area of pandemic influenza virus circulation in the region appears to be in Brazil where disease activity in the northern region has been associated with pandemic influenza virus transmission. In Mexico, limited data suggests that localized active transmission of pandemic influenza virus continued to occur in several states throughout March 2010, although overall influenza activity did not increase to peak levels observed during fall influenza season.

    In the northern and the southern temperate zones of the Americas, overall pandemic influenza transmission remained low as influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels. Although the national level of ILI activity remained below the seasonal baseline in the United States, three of ten subregions reported a resurgence of ILI activity above their respective baselines. The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently appears to be in the southeastern United States, particularly in the states of Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina, all of which reported regional spread of influenza activity. A corresponding increase in confirmed severe cases of pandemic H1N1 has also been noted in the southeastern United States in recent weeks. In Canada, overall ILI activity remained below the seasonal baseline. In temperate countries of the southern hemisphere, overall influenza activity remained low, with sporadic detections of pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses.

    In Europe, low levels of pandemic influenza virus continue to circulate across the region, particularly across southern and eastern Europe. The proportion of sentinel respiratory samples testing positive for influenza remained low (4.6%). Three countries (Latvia, Lithuania and Bulgaria) reported an increasing trend of respiratory diseases activity, however, these trends have not been associated with increased detections of pandemic influenza virus. Increased circulation of seasonal influenza B virus has been observed in the Siberian and far eastern regions of the Russian Federation, and in Italy and Sweden, where it continues to be the predominant circulating virus (although at overall low levels).

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 93: At least 16,931 deaths since the beginning of the pandemic

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 93: At least 16,931 deaths since the beginning of the pandemic

    [Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_03_26/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 93</cite>. Edited.]

    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 93 - Weekly update

    26 March 2010


    As of 21 March 2010, worldwide more than 213 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 16,931 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    The most active areas of pandemic influenza virus transmission currently are in parts of Southeast Asia, West Africa, and in the tropical zone of the Americas. After a period of sustained pandemic influenza transmission in Thailand over the past two months, overall activity now appears to be decreasing. In West Africa, limited data suggests that active transmission of pandemic influenza virus persists without clear evidence of a peak in activity. In Central America and in the tropical zone of South America, an increasing trend of respiratory disease activity associated with circulation of pandemic influenza virus has been reported since early March 2010 in an increasing number of countries.

    Although pandemic influenza virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating worldwide, seasonal influenza B viruses are predominate in East Asia, and have been increasingly detected at low levels across southeast and western Asia, eastern Africa, and in parts of Europe.

    In Southeast Asia, pandemic influenza virus transmission has remained active and geographically widespread in Thailand since mid February 2010 and has been increasing since early March in Malaysia. In Thailand, the overall intensity of respiratory disease activity was reported to be low to moderate, and activity now appears to decreasing since mid March 2009; 10-22% of sentinel respiratory samples from patients with ILI tested positive for pandemic influenza during the most recent reporting week. In Malaysia, limited data suggests increasing detections of pandemic H1N1 cases over the past two weeks, although the extent and severity of illness is not currently known. Low numbers of seasonal influenza B viruses continue to be isolated in Thailand and in other parts of Southeast Asia.

    In South Asia, pandemic influenza virus transmission remains variable across the subcontinent. In Bangladesh, an increasing trend in respiratory disease activity and increasing detections of H1N1 cases has been reported since late February 2010; however, overall intensity of disease activity remains low. In India, although overall pandemic influenza activity remains low, pandemic H1N1 cases continue be reported in Western India.

    In East Asia, pandemic influenza virus transmission has declined substantially. Rates of ILI/ARI have returned to near baseline in Japan and Republic of Korea. In China, although overall ILI and pandemic influenza virus circulation has decreased substantially, circulation of seasonal influenza B viruses continues to be active (accounting for ~85% of all influenza viruses isolated during recent weeks). Similarly, in Mongolia, after experiencing a first peak of ILI activity due to circulation of pandemic influenza virus during November 2009, a second recent sharp peak of ILI activity occurred during late February and early March 2010 exclusively as a result circulating seasonal influenza B viruses. Overall influenza activity continues to remain low in Hong Kong SAR (China), Chinese Taipei, and DPR Korea.

    In Sub-Saharan Africa, pandemic influenza activity remains variable. Limited data suggest that the most active areas of pandemic influenza virus transmission continue to be in West Africa and in limited areas of East Africa, particularly in Rwanda. Twenty-seven percent of respiratory specimens in Ghana, and 47% of specimens in Rwanda, tested positive for pandemic influenza virus during mid March 2010. In Senegal, a high intensity of respiratory diseases activity was reported in association with increased detections of pandemic influenza virus. Pandemic influenza virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating in West and East Africa, however, small numbers of seasonal influenza H3N2 and seasonal influenza B viruses have also been identified.

    In tropical zone of the Americas overall influenza activity remains low, however, active transmission of pandemic influenza virus may be increasing, particularly across Central America and parts of South America. An increasing trend of respiratory diseases activity associated with detections of pandemic influenza virus was reported in Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Panama. In Brazil, three consecutive weeks of increases in respiratory diseases activity have been associated with regional spread of pandemic influenza virus; three states in northern Brazil reported increases in detections of confirmed cases, however, the extent and severity of cases is not yet know. In Mexico, two weeks of increases (11-14% per week) in ILI and SARI were reported during late February and early March 2010, however, the extent to which respiratory disease activity has been due to pandemic influenza virus is not yet known.

    In Europe, overall pandemic influenza virus transmission continued to decline or remain low in most countries. Of note, over 20% of sentinel specimens in Germany, Italy, and the Russian Federation tested positive for influenza, however, these increased sentinel detections of influenza virus were not associated with significant increases in overall rates of acute respiratory illness; in Italy and the Russian Federation, seasonal influenza B viruses were either dominant or co-dominant with pandemic H1N1, respectively. In Romania and in Poland, recent increases in rates of ILI or ARI have not been associated with increased detections of pandemic or other influenza viruses.

    In North Africa and Western Asia, limited data suggests that pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels, as overall disease activity remained low across much of the region.

    In the northern and the southern temperate zones of the Americas, overall pandemic influenza transmission remained low as influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels.

    In the temperate zone of the southern hemisphere, overall influenza activity remained low, with sporadic detections of pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).

    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 14kb]

    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.

    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:

    MAP OF INFLUENZA ACTIVITY AND VIRUS SUBTYPES (WEEK 10: 28 FEBRUARY - 13 MARCH 2010)

    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 260kb]

    Description:
    Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet, WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview

    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 10: 13 July 2009 - 13 March 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.

    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline

    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 21 March 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 92): None.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 92): None.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 167
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 7673
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) ** - 1019
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4637
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1709
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1726
    • Total* - At least 16931

    *The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    **No update since 7 March 2010
    -
    ------

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 92: 16,813 deaths cumulative

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 92
    [Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_03_19/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 92</cite>. Edited.]

    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 92 - Weekly update

    19 March 2010


    As of 14 March 2010, worldwide more than 213 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 16813 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission continue to be in Southeast Asia and West Africa. Limited data suggests that pandemic influenza activity may be increasing across parts of Central America and the Caribbean. Low levels of pandemic influenza virus continue to circulate across southern and south-eastern Europe and in East, West, and South Asia.

    Although pandemic influenza virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating worldwide, seasonal influenza B viruses are predominate in East Asia, and have been detected at low levels across southeast Asia and eastern Africa.

    In south and southeast Asia, the most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission continue to be in Thailand; over the past month approximately 25-30% of sentinel respiratory samples from patients with ILI and 10-35% of sentinel respiratory samples from hospitalized patients with pneumonia tested positive for influenza (predominantly pandemic H1N1, but also small numbers of seasonal B viruses).

    Recent pandemic influenza activity in Thailand, while associated with severe and fatal illness, does not appear to exceed activity observed during an earlier period of peak transmission between June and September 2009.

    In Myanmar, respiratory disease activity may be declining after a period of increased activity associated with increased detection of pandemic H1N1 cases during February 2010.

    In Bangladesh, an increasing trend in respiratory diseases activity was reported for the past two weeks in association with increased numbers of confirmed cases and increased geographical spread of pandemic influenza virus.

    In India, low level of pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate in western India.

    In East Asia, pandemic influenza activity continued to decline substantially as rates of illness returned to baseline or remained low in Japan, Republic of Korea, Hong Kong (SAR), and Chinese Taipei.

    In China, pandemic influenza activity has waned substantially, however, influenza type B viruses continue to circulate.

    In Mongolia, a recent sharp increase in ILI activity was associated almost exclusively with increased circulation of influenza B viruses. In addition, increasing but low levels of circulation of seasonal influenza B viruses has been observed across other parts of East and Southeast Asia (Japan, Republic of Korea, Chinese Taipei, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh).

    Small numbers of seasonal H3N2 viruses have also been detected in several countries of East and Southeast Asia.

    In West Africa, limited data suggest that active transmission of pandemic influenza virus remains sustained across much of the region without clear evidence of a peak in activity.

    In Ghana, 38% of respiratory specimens collected during the past week tested positive for influenza, and of these, approximately 70% were pandemic H1N1. Limited sentinel surveillance data from Nigeria suggest that levels of ILI have increased over the past two months in conjunction with increased detections of pandemic influenza H1N1 virus.

    Localized outbreaks of pandemic H1N1 influenza have also been recently reported in parts of East Africa, particularly in Rwanda.

    Pandemic influenza virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating in West and East Africa, however, small numbers of seasonal H3N2 and seasonal B viruses have also been identified.

    In tropical zone of the Americas, particularly in Central America and the Caribbean, limited data suggest that pandemic influenza virus transmission may be active. Geographically regional to widespread pandemic influenza activity was reported across Central America and the Caribbean with mixed trends in the pattern of respiratory diseases activity (increasing activity in Jamaica, Bahamas, Nicaragua, Panama; and decreasing activity in Costa Rica, Guatemala).

    Honduras
    continues to report several outbreaks of respiratory disease in schools with limited laboratory confirmation of pandemic influenza virus infection.

    In Brazil, over the past two weeks, an increasing trend of respiratory diseases with low overall intensity was reported in association with regional spread of influenza virus.

    In North Africa and Western Asia, limited data suggests that pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels across the region. An increasing trend of respiratory diseases activity in association with regional spread of influenza was reported for past three weeks in Afghanistan and the past two weeks in Iraq; however, overall intensity of activity remains low to moderate in both countries.

    Localized to regional spread of pandemic was also reported in Morocco, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Egypt, Jordan, Yemen, and Oman.

    In Europe, overall pandemic influenza transmission continued to decline as low levels of pandemic virus continue to circulate in parts of eastern and south-eastern Europe. The overall percentage of sentinel respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza remained low (5.1%). Pandemic H1N1 2009 virus continues to be the predominant circulating influenza virus in the European region, except in Sweden and the Russian Federation, where seasonal influenza B viruses have been reported as co-dominant or dominant.

    In the northern and the southern temperate zones of the Americas, overall pandemic influenza transmission remained low as influenza virus continued to circulate at low levels.

    In the temperate zone of the southern hemisphere, overall influenza activity remained low, with sporadic detections of pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).

    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 16kb]

    (*)Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.
    (**)Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:

    MAP OF INFLUENZA ACTIVITY AND VIRUS SUBTYPES (WEEK 9: 28 FEBRUARY - 6 MARCH 2010)

    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 264kb]

    Description:
    Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet (LINK), WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview (LINK)

    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 9: 13 July 2009 - 6 March 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.

    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline

    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 14 March 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 91): None.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 91): None.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 167
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 7622
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) - 1019
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4596
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1691
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1718
    • Total* - At least 16813

    *The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_03_19/en/index.html"></cite>-
    ------

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 91 - Weekly update (WHO)

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 91
    [Source: World Health Organization, edited: <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_03_12/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 91 ]
    </cite>
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 91 - Weekly update

    12 March 2010


    As of 7 March 2010, worldwide more than 213 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 16713 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission are currently in Southeast Asia, however, lower levels of pandemic virus circulation persist in other parts of Asia and in Eastern and South-eastern Europe.

    In West Africa, limited data suggests that pandemic influenza virus transmission may be increasing in region. Of note, seasonal influenza B viruses have been increasingly detected in Asia and appear to be spreading westward.

    In Sub-Saharan Africa, limited data suggests that on-going community transmission of pandemic influenza virus continues to increase in parts of West Africa, without clear evidence of a peak in activity. Increased detections of pandemic influenza virus have been observed among sentinel surveillance sites in several countries, including Senegal and Cote D'Ivoire, however, to date, data is limited regarding the spectrum of clinical severity of cases. Recent increases in influenza activity have also been reported in Rwanda. Much of eastern and southern Africa likely experienced an earlier peak in pandemic influenza activity during November 2009 and late summer 2009, respectively.

    In South and Southeast Asia, pandemic influenza virus circulation persist in most countries, however, overall transmission remains most active in Thailand, especially since mid January 2010. Approximately half of all provinces in Thailand reported that greater than 10% of all outpatients sought care for ILI, and approximately 25% of all patients with ILI at sentinel sites tested positive for influenza. The current increase in the number of cases in Thailand remains well below an earlier period of peak transmission during June through September 2009.

    In Bangladesh, an increasing trend in respiratory disease was reported, however, overall influenza activity remains low.

    In India, influenza virus transmission persist at lower levels in the western region of India, while activity in other regions has largely subsided.

    In East Asia, pandemic influenza activity continues to decrease or remain low as levels of ILI return to seasonal baselines in Japan and in the Republic of Korea. In Mongolia, a recent sharp increase in ILI activity was associated predominantly with a resurgence of circulation of seasonal influenza B viruses.

    In China, pandemic influenza activity has declined since peaking during November 2009, however, overall influenza activity remains elevated, largely due to an increase in the circulation of seasonal influenza B viruses.

    In North Africa and Western Asia, overall pandemic influenza activity remains low in most places, with the exception of Iraq and Afghanistan, both of which reported regional spread of influenza with an increasing trend in respiratory diseases activity. In Afghanistan, a moderate impact on the healthcare system was reported in association with increased respiratory diseases activity. Although overall influenza activity remains low in Iran, all recent influenza virus detection have been due to seasonal influenza B viruses.

    In Europe, overall pandemic influenza transmission continued to decline as low levels of pandemic virus continue to circulate in parts of eastern and south-eastern Europe. The overall percentage of sentinel respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza remained low (6.8%) but slightly increased compared to the previous week. Pandemic H1N1 2009 virus continues to be the predominant circulating influenza virus in the European region with the exception of the Russian Federation and Sweden where influenza B was reported as co-dominant or dominant.

    In the northern and the southern temperate zones of the Americas, overall pandemic influenza transmission remained low as influenza virus continued to circulate at low levels.

    In Central America, Nicaragua and Honduras, reported slight increases in respiratory diseases activity, possibly due to an increase in school outbreaks; however, it is unclear to what extent the increases are associated with circulation of pandemic influenza virus.

    In Brazil, an increasing trend of respiratory diseases with low overall intensity was reported in association with regional spread of influenza virus.

    In the temperate zone of the southern hemisphere, overall influenza activity remained low, with sporadic detections of pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses.

    Although pandemic influenza virus continues to be the predominant circulating influenza virus worldwide, circulation of seasonal influenza B viruses continue to increase and spread across Asia, parts of Eastern Europe, and Eastern Africa, but most notably in China, Mongolia, Iran and the Russian Federation.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).

    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    (NEW) Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 18kb]

    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.
    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:

    (NEW) Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes (Week 8: 21 February -27 February 2010)

    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 267kb]

    Description:
    Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet (www.who.int/FluNet), WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview (LINK)

    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 8: 13 July 2009 - 27 February 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.

    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline


    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 7 March 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 90): None.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 90): None.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 167
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 7576
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) - 1019
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4571
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1664
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1716
    • Total* - At least 16713

    * The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_03_12/en/index.html"></cite>-
    ------

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 90 - Weekly update

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 90
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 90 - Weekly update

    5 March 2010


    As of 28 February 2010, worldwide more than 213 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 16455 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    Summary:

    In the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, transmission of virus persists in some areas of Europe and Asia but influenza activity is declining and at low level in the most areas. The most active areas of transmission are currently observed in parts of Southeast Asia and East and South-eastern Europe. Recently, influenza type B is increasingly reported in Asia.

    Pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate in South and Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, activity has increased and Myanmar continues to report regionally circulating pandemic virus. However, the overall intensity of activity nationally is still low in both countries. Respiratory disease activity is declining in all other countries of the area.

    In East Asia, transmission of pandemic influenza virus persists at low levels in most countries including Hong Kong SAR (China) and Chinese Taipei or has returned to baseline levels (Japan and the Republic of Korea). Of note, seasonal influenza B virus activity has been increasing in the area and is now the predominant influenza virus in Mongolia, China, and parts of South East Asia. Japan has also reported clusters of influenza B related cases.

    In Australia and New Zealand, overall influenza activity remains low and at the levels experienced at the same time in previous years. No new cases of H1N1 influenza have been reported this week from the island nations of the South Pacific.

    Influenza activity is low in Western Europe and has largely returned to baseline levels. However, many countries of Eastern Europe (Russian Federation, Bulgaria, Armenia and Moldova) are still reporting some increased respiratory disease activity compared to their baselines. The percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza decreased further in week 7 to around 3.5%. The majority of those were positive for pandemic influenza and only a very few seasonal influenza H3N2 and influenza type B viruses were detected.

    In the northern temperate zones of the Americas, pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate at very low levels yielding an overall low and declining pattern of pandemic influenza activity. However, in Mexico and Peru, there is a slight increase in respiratory disease activity, though the overall intensity remains low and it is unclear how much is related to pandemic influenza. In Central America and the Caribbean, overall respiratory disease activity remains low in most places.

    In North Africa and West Asia, influenza activity is low. However, respiratory tract infections in the north western area of Pakistan and Afghanistan are reportedly increasing. Whether this increased activity is due to circulation of influenza is not known.

    In Sub-Saharan Africa, several West African countries are increasingly reporting pandemic influenza cases, though surveillance data from the area is quite limited. Data from the rest of Africa suggests that influenza activity in most countries is low and transmission continues to be sporadic. Some detections of seasonal influenza H1N1, H3N2, and influenza type B are still being reported.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).


    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    (NEW) Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 17kb]

    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.

    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)


    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:

    (NEW) Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes (Week 6: 07 February-13 February 2010)

    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 262kb]

    Description:
    Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet (LINK), WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview (LINK)


    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 7: 13 July 2009 - 20 February 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.


    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline


    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 28 February 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 89): None.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 89): none.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 167
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 7539
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) - 1018
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4388
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1633
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1710
    • Total* - 16455

    * The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    -
    <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_03_05/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 90</cite>

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 89 - Weekly update

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 89
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 89 - Weekly update

    26 February 2010


    As of 21 February 2010, worldwide more than 213 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 16226 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    In the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, pandemic influenza virus continues to be detected across many countries, however, overall influenza activity continues to wane in most places. The most active areas of transmission are currently in parts of south and southeast Asia and in limited areas of east and southeastern Europe.

    In Southeast Asia, pandemic influenza virus continued to circulate in areas, however, the overall intensity of respiratory diseases activity remained low and unchanged, except in a few countries. In Brunei Darussalam, during February 2009, influenza activity was reported to be geographically widespread and was associated with an increasing trend and high intensity of respiratory diseases. Both Myanmar and Thailand have reported an increasing trend of respiratory diseases associated with geographically regional spread of influenza for the first half of February 2009, however, overall intensity currently remains low in both countries. In Thailand, approximately one third of provinces reported that >5% of medical visits were due to ILI during the most recent reporting week.

    In East Asia, virologic surveillance data suggest that pandemic influenza and seasonal influenza type B viruses continue to co-circulate. A recent increase in ILI activity in Mongolia may be due to an increase in the circulation of seasonal influenza type B viruses. Overall influenza activity continues to decline and return to baseline levels in both Japan and the Republic of Korea (S. Korea). In Hong Kong SAR (China) and in Chinese Taipei, pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels and overall ILI activity is substantially lower than what was observed peaks of activity during the fall months.

    In South Asia, overall influenza activity remained low, however, pandemic influenza virus transmission persists in the western part of India.

    In Europe, pandemic influenza virus transmission persists across parts of central and southeastern Europe, but overall intensity remained low, except for Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, Slovakia, the Republic of Moldova, and parts of the Russian Federation which continued to report a moderate intensity respiratory diseases activity. Although an increasing trend of respiratory diseases continued to be reported in Georgia, Slovakia, and parts of the Russian Federation, the increased activity may be due to other circulating respiratory viruses.

    Among countries testing at least 20 sentinel respiratory specimens during the past reporting week, none reported that more than 20% of specimens had tested positive for influenza.

    In North Africa and West Asia, pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels as rates of illness in most countries in the region continued to decline or return to baseline. In Afghanistan, an increasing trend of respiratory diseases with moderate healthcare impact was report, however, it is unknown if the recent increase is associated with circulation of influenza virus.

    In Sub-Saharan Africa, limited data suggest that pandemic influenza virus transmission continued to be sporadic in most areas of the continent. Several countries in West Africa continue to report slight increases in the numbers of confirmed cases of pandemic influenza indicating that community transmission is likely beginning in the area; however, data are very limited.

    In the Americas, both in the tropical and northern temperate zones, pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels but overall pandemic influenza activity continued to decline or remain low in most places.

    In Central America and Caribbean, pandemic influenza virus transmission persists but overall activity remains low or unchanged in most places.

    Pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating worldwide. In addition to the increasing proportion of seasonal influenza type B viruses recently detected in China, low levels of seasonal H3N2 and type B viruses are circulating in parts of Africa, and Asia.

    In summary, pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate widely in the tropical regions and is persisting in some areas of in parts of Europe.

    Respiratory disease activity is increasing in many areas of the world due to increasing transmission of influenza type B and Respiratory Syncitial Virus. Seasonal influenza H3N2 continues to be detected in areas of Asia and east Africa.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).


    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    (NEW) Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 17kb]

    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.

    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)


    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:


    (NEW) Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes (Week 6: 07 February-13 February 2010)


    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [jpg 61kb]

    Description:
    Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet (www.who.int/FluNet), WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview (LINK)


    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 6: 13 July 2009 - 13 February 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.


    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.


    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline


    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 14 February 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 88): Niger.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 88): none.

    [Region - Deaths]*
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 167
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 7484
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) - 1018
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4266
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1601
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1690
    • Total* - At least 16226

    * The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    -
    <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_02_26/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 89</cite>

    Leave a comment:


  • Missouriwatcher
    replied
    Re: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 88 - Weekly update

    Globally, the percent positive specimens went from 44% last week to 77% this week.

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 88 - Weekly update

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 88
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 88 - Weekly update

    19 February 2010


    As of 14 February 2010, worldwide more than 212 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 15921 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    The situation is largely unchanged since the previous update. In the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, active but declining pandemic influenza transmission persists in limited areas of eastern and southern Europe, South Asia, and in East Asia. Several countries in West Africa reported increases in the number of cases but there is as yet insufficient evidence to conclude that widespread community transmission is occurring. An increasing trend in respiratory diseases activity was reported in Thailand and Jamaica, however the cause of the respiratory disease is uncertain at this point.

    In Southeast Asia, several countries reported an increasing trend of respiratory diseases activity but overall intensity remained low. After several months of sporadic influenza activity, Thailand reported increasing respiratory diseases activity marked by increased ILI in 24 provinces; however, the overall intensity of activity nationally remains low. In Myanmar and Indonesia, localized geographic spread of influenza activity, an increasing trend of respiratory diseases, and low overall intensity was reported.

    In South Asia, influenza activity persists in the northern and western states of India, however, overall influenza activity continued to decline or remained low in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. In East Asia, transmission of pandemic influenza virus persists but has been steadily declining in most countries of region (China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea), with the exception of DPR Korea, where an increasing trend of respiratory diseases activity was reported.

    In West Asia, pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate in many countries, however the overall intensity of current activity remains low in the region.

    In North Africa, pandemic influenza transmission persists but substantial declines in activity continue to be reported over the past month. In Sub-Saharan Africa, limited data suggest that pandemic influenza virus transmission may be sporadic in most areas of the continent. Several countries in West Africa continue to report increases in the numbers of confirmed cases of pandemic influenza, however, currently, no countries in the region are reporting an increasing trend in respiratory diseases activity.

    In Europe, pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate across central and southeastern Europe, but the overall intensity of activity remained low in most places; only Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, Slovakia, the Republic of Moldova, and the Russian Federation reported a moderate intensity of respiratory diseases activity. Several weeks of increases in ARI/ILI were reported in Slovakia and in the Russian Federation, but increased activity in these countries may be associated with other circulating respiratory viruses.

    Among 12 countries testing at least twenty sentinel respiratory specimes, only Hungary reported that greater than 20% specimens had tested positive for influenza.

    In the Americas, both in the tropical and northern temperate zones, pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate at low levels but overall pandemic influenza activity continued to decline or remain low in most places. In Central America and Caribbean, pandemic influenza virus transmission persists but overall activity remains low or unchanged in most places. Jamaica reported an increasing trend of respiratory diseases activity but the overall intensity remains low.

    Pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating worldwide. In addition to the increasing proportion of seasonal influenza type B viruses recently detected in China, low levels of seasonal H3N2 and type B viruses are circulating in parts of Africa, and Asia.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).


    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    (NEW) Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 21kb]

    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.
    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)


    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:

    (NEW) Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes (Week 4: 31 January-06 February 2010)
    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 268kb]

    Description: Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet (www.who.int/FluNet), WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview (LINK)


    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 5: 13 July 2009 - 6 February 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.


    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.


    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline

    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 14 February 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 87): None.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 87): none.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 167
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 7433
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) - 1018
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 4056
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1562
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1685
    • Total* - At least 15921

    * The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    -
    <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_02_19/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 88</cite>

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 87 - Weekly update

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 87
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 87 - Weekly update

    12 February 2010


    As of 7 February 2010, worldwide more than 212 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 15292 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    In the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, overall pandemic influenza activity continued to decline in most countries. The most active areas of transmission continue to be in later peaking areas, particularly northern Africa, South Asia, and East Asia. Of note, Senegal became the third country within the past month (and fifth overall) to confirm first cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 in West Africa. There is insufficient evidence at this point to determine if this heralds the beginning of a period of more widespread transmission in West Africa, which heretofore may have been largely spared a significant period of communitywide pandemic influenza virus transmission.

    In North Africa, pandemic influenza transmission persists but substantial declines in activity have been observed over the past month across the region. In Morocco, levels of ILI have returned to near baseline, and in Egypt, the number of confirmed cases has declined considerably.

    In South and Southeast Asia, pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate widely across the region, however, overall activity continues to decrease or remain low in most places. In India, influenza transmission persist, particularly in western, and to a lesser extent, in northern India, however, overall the numbers of cases have declined substantially. In Thailand, overall activity remains low and unchanged since the previous reporting period, however, focal areas of increased ILI activity were reported in central and northern Thailand.

    In East Asia, pandemic influenza transmission persists across the region; however, overall activity has declined substantially in most places. In China, pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses continue to co-circulate, however, over the last several weeks, seasonal influenza type B viruses have been predominant. In Japan, influenza activity continues to decrease towards seasonal baselines, including in Okinawa which is experiencing greater levels of influenza activity than in other parts of the country. In Republic of Korea (S. Korea), levels of ILI have decreased substantially to near baseline levels.

    In Europe, although pandemic influenza virus continues to circulate widely, particularly across central, southern, and eastern Europe, the overall intensity of pandemic influenza activity has declined substantially from peaks of activity seen earlier during the winter transmission period. Among 15 countries testing more than 20 sentinel respiratory samples, the proportion of samples testing positive for influenza ranged from 0-14%. Recent slight increases in rates of ARI in Slovakia, Slovenia, and the Russian federation, do not appear to be associated with detections of influenza viruses and may be due to other circulating respiratory viruses.

    In Sub-Saharan Africa, limited data suggest that pandemic influenza virus transmission may be geographically localized in most countries reporting surveillance data to WHO, and the overall intensity of activity may be low.

    In the Americas, both in the tropical and northern temperate zones, overall pandemic influenza activity continued to decline or remain low in most places. In Central America and Caribbean, pandemic influenza virus transmission persists but overall activity remains low or unchanged in most places. A high intensity of respiratory diseases with increasing trend was reported in Guatemala, however, the increased activity does not appear to be associated with increased detections of influenza viruses and may be due to other circulating respiratory viruses.

    In temperate regions of the southern hemisphere, sporadic cases of pandemic influenza continued to be reported without evidence of sustained community transmission.

    Pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating worldwide. In addition to the increasing proportion of seasonal influenza type B viruses recently detected in China, low levels of seasonal H3N2 and type B viruses are circulating in parts of Africa, East and Southeast Asia and are being detected only sporadically on other continents.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).


    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    (NEW) Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 18kb]


    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.
    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)


    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:


    (NEW) Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes (Week 4: 24-30 January 2010)

    Map of influenza activity and virus subtypes [png 268kb]

    Description:
    Displayed data reflect the most recent data reported to Flunet (www.who.int/FluNet), WHO regional offices or on Ministry of health websites in the last 2 weeks. The percent of specimens tested positive for influenza includes all specimens tested positive for seasonal or pandemic influenza. The pie charts show the distribution of virus subtypes among all specimens that were tested positive for influenza. The available country data were joined in larger geographical areas with similar influenza transmission patterns to be able to give an overview (LINK)


    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 4: 13 July 2009 - 30 January 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.


    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.


    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline


    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 7 February 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 86): Senegal.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 86): none.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 167
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 7261
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) - 1018
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 3648
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1523
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1675
    • Total* At least 15292

    * The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    -
    <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_02_12/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 87</cite>

    Leave a comment:


  • Giuseppe
    replied
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 86 - Weekly update

    WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 86
    Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 86 - Weekly update

    5 February 2010


    As of 31 January 2010, worldwide more than 209 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 15174 deaths.

    WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of information.


    Situation update:

    In the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, overall pandemic influenza activity continues to decline or remain low in most regions since peaking during late October and November 2009. Several areas continue to have evidence of active but declining transmission, particularly in North Africa and in limited areas of Eastern Europe and East Asia.

    In North Africa, pandemic influenza transmission remains active and geographically widespread but overall activity has been declining since peaking during late December 2009 and early January 2010. During January 2010, a substantial decline in the number of pandemic virus isolations and new cases was observed in Morocco and Egypt, respectively.

    In West Asia, pandemic influenza transmission remains geographically widespread to regional, but overall activity remained low.

    In South and Southeast Asia, pandemic influenza transmission remains active but geographically localized to regional. The overall intensity of respiratory diseases activity was reported to be low to moderate in most places. In India, influenza activity continued to decline in all regions of the country, however, the most active areas of transmission currently are in the western states. An overall peak in the number of pandemic H1N1 cases was recorded in India during mid December 2009, and the majority of these cases were identified in the northern and western states of India.

    In Thailand, overall ILI activity remained low, however focal increase in activity were observed in several central and northern provinces.

    In East Asia, pandemic influenza transmission remains active and geographically widespread across the region, however, overall activity continued to decline. In Japan, overall influenza activity continues to decline but transmission remains higher on the southern island of Okinawa than in other places.

    In the Republic of Korea (South Korea), rates of ILI continued to decline to near baseline after a substantial wave of activity which peaked during early to mid November 2009. In Mongolia, after a period of sustained elevated ILI activity since early November 2009, levels of ILI have recently fallen to the expected seasonal range.

    In northern and southern China, rates of ILI have returned to levels seen during recent seasons; however, approximately 30% of respiratory specimens tested were positive for influenza suggesting that active transmission of influenza viruses persists. Of note in China, in recent weeks the circulation of pandemic influenza H1N1 continued to decline with a concomitant increase in the circulation of seasonal influenza type B viruses (pandemic H1N1 and seasonal Type B viruses accounted for 34% and 66% of all influenza viruses detected, respectively).

    Active transmission of pandemic influenza virus also persists in Hong Kong SAR (China), although at significantly lower levels than an earlier peak of activity during September and October 2009.

    In Europe, transmission of pandemic influenza virus remains active in a limited number of countries as overall activity remained low in most places. At least seven countries testing more than 20 sentinel respiratory samples reported that >20% of samples had tested positive for influenza (Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Georgia, Greece, Luxembourg, and Romania); however, in all seven, rates of illness remained well below earlier peaks of activity. Small increases in ILI/ARI have been reported over the past two reporting weeks in Slovakia, Belarus, and the Russian Federation. The overall rate of sentinel respiratory samples testing positive for influenza fell to 14% after reaching a peak of 45% during early November 2009.

    In the Americas, both in the tropical and northern temperate zones, overall pandemic influenza activity continued to decline or remain low in most places. In Central America and Caribbean, pandemic influenza virus transmission persists but overall activity remains low or unchanged in most places.

    In temperate regions of the southern hemisphere, sporadic cases of pandemic influenza continued to be reported without evidence of sustained community transmission.

    Pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus continues to be the predominant influenza virus circulating worldwide. In addition to the increasing proportion of seasonal influenza type B viruses recently detected in China, low levels of seasonal H3N2 and type B viruses are circulating in parts of Africa, East and Southeast Asia and are being detected only sporadically on other continents.

    The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).


    Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

    *Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.
    **Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)


    WHO Clinical Management Guidelines for Human infection with Pandemic (H1N1), 2009:

    WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza and other Influenza Viruses:


    Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 3: 13 July 2009 - 24 January 2010)

    The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.


    Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance

    The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.


    List of definitions of qualitative indicators

    Geographic spread of influenza activity
    Map timeline

    Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week
    Map timeline

    Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population
    Map timeline

    Impact on health care services
    Map timeline


    Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 31 January 2010

    Map of affected countries and deaths

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 85): Mauritania and Chad.

    The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 85): none.

    [Region - Deaths*]
    • WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) - 167
    • WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO) - At least 7261
    • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) - 1014
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO) - At least 3605
    • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) - 1474
    • WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) - 1653
    • Total* - At least 15174

    * The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.
    -
    <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_02_5/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 86</cite>

    Leave a comment:

Working...
X