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  • #16
    EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin Week 39 : 27/09/2010-03/10/2010 - 08 October 2010, Issue N? 370 (Extracts, edited)

    EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin Week 39 : 27/09/2010-03/10/2010 - 08 October 2010, Issue N? 370 (Extracts, edited)


    [Source: EuroFlu.org, full text: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extracts, edited.]

    EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin Week 39 : 27/09/2010-03/10/2010 - 08 October 2010, Issue N? 370

    Low levels of influenza activity in Europe
    • During weeks 22?39/2010, the EuroFlu bulletin has been published biweekly, reporting available data.
      • This issue is based on data reported in week 39/2010 by 37 Member States in the WHO European Region.
      • It also includes information on current influenza activity in the temperate regions of the southern hemisphere.
      • In the WHO European Region, 1 of 221 specimens collected from sentinel sources tested positive for influenza during week 39/2010.
      • In the southern hemisphere, the influenza viruses detected are represented by a combination of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, influenza B and influenza A(H3N2).
      • This is the last issue of the 2010 inter-season Euroflu bulletin. Beginning with week 40/2010, the EuroFlu bulletin will be published weekly and represent data from the WHO European Region for the 2010?2011 season.


    Current situation: week 39/2010

    Clinical consultation rates for influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) are at low levels throughout the WHO European Region. Only Switzerland has reported laboratory-confirmed influenza in sentinel practices last two weeks, indicating a low level of influenza activity in the Region.


    Virological update: week 39/2010

    Sentinel physicians collected 221 respiratory specimens, 1 of which tested positive for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus. Out of 1919 specimens collected from non-sentinel sources, 16 tested positive: 11 type A viruses (8 A unsubtyped, 1 pandemic A (H1N1) and 2 seasonal A(H1) viruses) and 5 influenza B viruses.


    Cumulative virological data from week 22/2010

    From week 22/2010 to week 39/2010, 162 influenza virus detections in sentinel specimens were reported: 33 were influenza A (20.4%) and 129 (79.6%) were influenza B. Of the influenza A viruses, 15 (45.5%) were subtyped, with 7 being pandemic A(H1) and 8 seasonal A(H3N2).


    Comment

    Influenza activity is at a low level throughout the European Region. The viruses characterized to date are similar to those recommended as components of influenza vaccines for use in the 2010?2011 northern hemisphere influenza season.


    Influenza activity in the temperate regions of the southern hemisphere

    During the ongoing influenza season in the temperate zones of the southern hemisphere, detections of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza, influenza B and influenza A(H3N2) and are all being reported, amid circulation of other respiratory viruses. Additional information on influenza circulation in the southern hemisphere is available from WHO headquarters.


    Further information

    The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the WHO/Europe and WHO headquarters web sites.

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    • #17
      EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 40 : 04/10/2010-10/10/2010 - 15 October 2010, Issue N? 371

      EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 40 : 04/10/2010-10/10/2010 - 15 October 2010, Issue N? 371


      [Source: EuroFlu.org, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extracts, edited.]

      EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 40 : 04/10/2010-10/10/2010 - 15 October 2010, Issue N? 371

      Sporadic influenza activity in Europe at the start of the 2010/2011 influenza season

      This week marks the beginning of the 2010/2011 influenza season. The EuroFlu bulletin will now be published weekly.
      • This issue is based on data reported in week 40/2010 by 39 Member States in the WHO European Region.
      • Levels of influenza activity in Europe are currently very low.
      • There have been sporadic detections of influenza A (H3N2), pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and influenza B during the past week.


      Current situation ? week 40/2010

      Of the 33 countries reporting clinical data on influenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory infection (ARI) consultations, only 2 (Bulgaria and the United Kingdom) reported increases in consultation rates (for ARI) during each of the previous two weeks.

      In most countries, clinical consultation rates were highest for the group aged 0?4. The geographic spread of influenza was reported to be sporadic in 7 countries (Armenia, Belarus, Estonia, France, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom) while 29 countries reported no geographic spread.

      Of the 24 countries reporting on the impact of influenza on their health care systems, all reported low impact.

      Of the 36 countries that reported on the intensity of acute respiratory disease activity, the Russian Federation reported medium intensity and the remaining countries reported low intensity.


      Virological situation ? week 40/2010

      Sentinel physicians collected 262 respiratory specimens this week, of which 3 (1.2%) were positive for influenza virus. Of these, 2 were influenza A and 1 was influenza B. Of the influenza A viruses, 1 was subtyped as pandemic A(H1) and 1 was not subtyped. Only 4 countries tested 20 or more sentinel specimens this week, and none reported any positive influenza detections.

      Among the specimens tested by non-sentinel sites, 15 were positive for influenza. Of these, 12 were influenza A and 3 were influenza B. Of the influenza A viruses, 2 were subtyped as pandemic A(H1), 1 was A(H1), 5 were influenza A(H3) and 4 were not subtyped.

      No antigenic or genetic characterizations were reported to the WHO European Influenza Network (EuroFlu) this week.


      Comment

      Influenza activity is currently at very low levels in the European Region. There have been sporadic detections of influenza A (H3N2), pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and influenza B during the past week. Data are not available to predict which virus type or subtype will become dominant in Europe this season.

      WHO/Europe recommends the following viruses to be included in influenza vaccines in the northern hemisphere 2010/2011 winter season: A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like viruses (the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus); A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like viruses; and B/Brisbane/60/2008-like viruses.

      For more information, see WHO/Europe?s interim recommendations.


      Further information

      The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the web sites of WHO/Europe, WHO headquarters and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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      • #18
        EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 41 : 11/10/2010-17/10/2010 - 22 October 2010, Issue N? 372 (edited)

        EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 41 : 11/10/2010-17/10/2010 - 22 October 2010, Issue N? 372 (edited)


        [Source: EuroFlu, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extracts, edited.]

        EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 41 : 11/10/2010-17/10/2010 - 22 October 2010, Issue N? 372

        Sporadic influenza detections in Europe
        • This issue is based on data reported in week 41/2010 by 42 Member States in the WHO European Region.
        • Levels of influenza activity in Europe are currently low.
        • 9 out of 387 sentinel specimens (2.3%) tested positive for influenza.
        • There have been sporadic detections of influenza B, influenza A(H3N2) and pandemic influenza A(H1N1) during the past week.


        Current situation - week 41/2010

        Consultation rates were low and generally stable in the 30 countries reporting clinical data on influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or acute respiratory infection (ARI). In most countries, clinical consultation rates were highest for the group aged 0-4 years. The geographic spread of influenza was reported to be local in 1 country (Armenia) and sporadic in 8 countries (Belarus, Cyprus, Estonia, Israel, the Russian Federation, Slovakia, Ukraine and the United Kingdom), while 25 countries reported no activity. All of the 25 countries reporting on the impact of influenza on their health care systems, reported low impact.

        Of the 34 countries that reported on the intensity of acute respiratory disease activity, the Russian Federation reported medium intensity and the others, low intensity.


        Virological situation - week 41/2010

        Sentinel physicians collected 387 respiratory specimens, of which 9 (2.3%) were positive for influenza virus: 2 were influenza A, both subtyped as pandemic A(H1), and 7 were influenza B. For the 6 countries testing 20 or more sentinel specimens this week, influenza positivity ranged from 0% (in Finland, Georgia, the Russian Federation and Spain) to 10.6% (in Israel), with a mean of 2.4%. Among the specimens tested by non-sentinel sites, 17 were positive for influenza: 8 were influenza A and 9 were influenza B.

        Of the influenza A viruses, 1 was subtyped as pandemic A(H1), 1 was influenza A(H3) and 6 were not subtyped.

        No antigenic or genetic characterizations were reported to the WHO European Influenza Network (EuroFlu) this week.


        Cumulative virological update - weeks 40-41/2010

        In total, 45 influenza viruses were detected: 6 were identified as pandemic A(H1), 1 seasonal A(H1), 7 A(H3), 11 A not subtyped and 20 B. All 4 N-subtyped viruses were pandemic A(H1N1).


        Comment

        Influenza activity is currently at low levels in the European Region. There have been sporadic detections of influenza A (H3N2), pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and influenza B during the past weeks. Data are not available to predict which virus type or subtype will become dominant in Europe this season.


        Further information

        The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the web sites of WHO/Europe, WHO headquarters and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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        Comment


        • #19
          EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 42 : 18/10/2010-24/10/2010 - 29 October 2010, Issue N? 373 (Extracts, edited)

          EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 42 : 18/10/2010-24/10/2010 - 29 October 2010, Issue N? 373 (Extracts, edited)


          [Source: EuroFlu, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extracts, edited.]

          EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 42 : 18/10/2010-24/10/2010 - 29 October 2010, Issue N? 373

          Influenza detections in Europe remain sporadic in week 42 of 2010
          • This issue is based on data reported in week 42/2010 by 39 Member States in the WHO European Region.
          • Influenza activity levels in Europe are currently low.
          • 12 out of 633 sentinel specimens (1.9%) tested positive for influenza.
          • Sporadic detections of influenza B, influenza A (H3N2) and pandemic influenza A(H1N1) were reported during the week.


          Current situation - week 42/2010

          Influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) consultation rates continue to be low throughout the WHO European Region. Of the 35 countries reporting clinical data for week 42, increases in consultation rates during each of the previous two weeks were observed only in Armenia, Georgia and Serbia. In all 3 countries, consultation rates were highest among the group aged 0-4.

          36 countries reported on geographic spread, but only 11 reports were positive: 10 countries (Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cyprus, Estonia, France, Israel, Poland, the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the United Kingdom) reported sporadic spread, while Armenia reported local spread.

          In all countries, except the Russian Federation, clinical consultation rates were at or below the country baseline.

          The impact of influenza on health care systems was low in all countries reporting on this indicator.


          Virological situation - week 42/2010

          Sentinel physicians collected 633 respiratory specimens in week 42, of which 12 (1.9%) were positive for influenza virus: 5 were influenza A and 7 were influenza B. Of the influenza A viruses, 2 were subtyped as pandemic A(H1), 2 as A(H3) and 1 influenza A not subtyped. Of the 7 countries testing 20 or more sentinel specimens this week, influenza-positive rates ranged from 0% (Belarus, France, Georgia and the Russian Federation) to 11.1% (Israel), with a mean of 2.1%.

          For the specimens tested by non-sentinel sites, 7 influenza A detections were reported: 4 subtyped as A(H3) and 3 not subtyped.

          No antigenic or genetic characterizations were reported to the WHO European Influenza Network (EuroFlu) this week.


          Cumulative virological update - week 40/2010-42/2010

          A total of 65 influenza virus detections have been reported since week 40: 38 were influenza A (58.5%) and 27 (41.5%) influenza B. Of the influenza A viruses, 9 were subtyped as pandemic influenza A(H1), 1 as influenza A(H1), 13 as influenza A(H3) and 15 were not subtyped.


          Comment

          Influenza activity continues to be low in the European Region. Sentinel data, reveal that influenza A(H3), pandemic influenza A(H1) and influenza B are circulating in the Region. Nevertheless, it is too early to forecast which type or subtype will be dominant in the northern hemisphere in the 2010/2011 season.


          Further information

          The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the web sites of WHO/Europe, WHO headquarters and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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          Comment


          • #20
            EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 43 : 25/10/2010-31/10/2010 - 05 November 2010, Issue N? 374 (Extract, edited)

            EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 43 : 25/10/2010-31/10/2010 - 05 November 2010, Issue N? 374 (Extract, edited)


            [Source: EuroFlu, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extract, edited.]

            EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 43 : 25/10/2010-31/10/2010 - 05 November 2010, Issue N? 374

            Sporadic influenza detections in Europe
            • This issue is based on data reported in week 43/2010 by 40 Member States in the WHO European Region.
            • Influenza activity levels in Europe are currently low.
            • 12 out of 592 sentinel specimens (2.0%) tested positive for influenza.
            • Sporadic detections of pandemic influenza A(H1N1), influenza A (H3N2) and influenza B were reported during the week.


            Current situation - week 43/2010

            Influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) consultation rates continue to be low throughout the WHO European Region. Of the 36 countries reporting clinical data for week 43, increases in consultation rates during each of the previous two weeks were observed only in Bulgaria (ARI), Sweden (ILI) and the United Kingdom (both ILI and ARI in Northern Ireland and ARI in Scotland).

            In most countries, clinical consultation rates were highest for the group aged 0-4. Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Estonia, France, Germany, Israel, the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the United Kingdom reported sporadic geographic spread of influenza, while Armenia reported local spread.

            The impact of influenza on health care systems was low in all countries reporting on this indicator.


            Virological situation - week 43/2010

            Sentinel physicians collected 592 respiratory specimens in week 43, of which 12 (2.0%) were positive for influenza virus: 8 were influenza A and 4 were influenza B.

            Of the influenza A viruses, 5 were subtyped as pandemic A(H1), 2 as A(H3) and 1 influenza A was not subtyped. For the 7 countries testing 20 or more sentinel specimens, influenza-positive rates ranged from 0% (Belarus, France, Hungary and the Russian Federation) to 5.1% (England and Israel), with a mean of 1.9%.

            Among the specimens tested by non-sentinel sites, 15 were positive for influenza: 11 influenza A and 4 influenza B.

            Of the influenza A viruses, 3 were subtyped as pandemic A(H1), 2 were influenza A(H3) and 6 were not subtyped.

            No antigenic or genetic characterizations were reported to the WHO European Influenza Network (EuroFlu) this week.


            Cumulative virological update - weeks 40-43/2010

            A total of 93 influenza virus detections were reported during weeks 40-43: 58 were influenza A (62.4%) and 35 (37.6%) influenza B.

            Of the influenza A viruses, 18 were subtyped as pandemic influenza A(H1), 1 as influenza A(H1), 17 as influenza A(H3) and 22 were not subtyped.


            Comment

            Influenza activity continues to be low in the European Region. Sentinel data reveal that pandemic influenza A(H1), influenza A(H3) and influenza B viruses are circulating in the Region. Nevertheless, it is too early to forecast which type or subtype will be dominant in the northern hemisphere in the 2010/2011 influenza season.


            Further information

            The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the web sites of WHO/Europe, WHO headquarters and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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            Comment


            • #21
              EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 44 : 01/11/2010-07/11/2010 - 12 November 2010, Issue N? 375 (edited)

              EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 44 : 01/11/2010-07/11/2010 - 12 November 2010, Issue N? 375 (edited)


              [Source: EuroFlu, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extract, edited.]

              EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 44 : 01/11/2010-07/11/2010 - 12 November 2010, Issue N? 375

              Low levels of influenza activity in Europe
              • This issue is based on data reported in week 44/2010 by 39 Member States in the WHO European Region.
              • Influenza activity levels in Europe are currently low.
              • 18 out of 435 sentinel specimens (4.1%) tested positive for influenza.
              • Sporadic detections of pandemic influenza A(H1N1), influenza A (H3N2) and influenza B were reported during the week.


              Current situation - week 44/2010

              Influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) consultation rates continue to be low throughout the WHO European Region.

              Of the 37 countries reporting clinical data for week 44, increases in consultation rates during each of the previous 2 weeks were observed in 7: Albania (ARI), Bulgaria (ARI), Israel (ILI), Luxembourg (ILI), the Netherlands (ILI), Norway (ILI) and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) (ILI).

              Although clinical consultation rates were highest for the group aged 0-4 in most countries, the group aged 65 and over had the highest rates in Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom (England and Northern Ireland).

              Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, France, Israel, Norway, the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland and Scotland) reported sporadic geographic spread of influenza, while Armenia reported local spread.

              The impact of influenza on health care systems was low in all countries reporting on this indicator.


              Virological situation - week 44/2010

              Sentinel physicians collected 435 respiratory specimens, of which 18 (4.1%) were positive for influenza virus: 10 were influenza A and 8 were influenza B. All influenza A viruses were subtyped as pandemic A(H1).

              For the 5 countries testing 20 or more sentinel specimens, influenza-positive rates ranged from 0% (Georgia, the Russian Federation) to 8.3% (United Kingdom - England), with a mean of 3.9%.

              Among the specimens tested from non-sentinel sources, 28 were positive for influenza: 18 influenza A and 10 influenza B.

              Of the influenza A viruses, 6 were subtyped as pandemic A(H1), 4 were influenza A(H3) and 8 were not subtyped.


              Cumulative virological update - weeks 40-44/2010

              A total of 161 influenza virus detections were reported: 97 were influenza A (60.2%) and 64 (39.8%) influenza B. Of the influenza A viruses, 39 were subtyped as pandemic influenza A(H1), 1 as influenza A(H1), 26 as influenza A(H3) and 31 were not subtyped.


              Comment

              Influenza activity continues to be low in the European Region. Pandemic influenza A(H1), influenza A(H3) and influenza B viruses are currently circulating in the Region.

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              • #22
                EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 45 : 08/11/2010-14/11/2010 - 19 November 2010, Issue N? 376 (Extract, edited)

                EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 45 : 08/11/2010-14/11/2010 - 19 November 2010, Issue N? 376 (Extract, edited)


                [Source: EuroFlu, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extract, edited.]

                EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 45 : 08/11/2010-14/11/2010 - 19 November 2010, Issue N? 376

                Low levels of influenza with focal activity in Europe
                • This issue is based on data reported in week 45/2010 by 39 Member States in the WHO European Region.
                • Influenza activity is currently low in most countries in the European Region.
                • 32 out of 523 (6%) sentinel specimens tested positive for influenza.
                • Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009, influenza A (H3N2) and influenza B detections were reported during the week.


                Current situation - week 45/2010

                In the 33 countries reporting clinical data for week 45, influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) consultation rates were generally low.

                Increasing consultation rates during the last 2 weeks were reported from 6 countries: Austria (ARI), Bulgaria (ARI), Czech Republic (ARI), Ireland (ILI), Norway (ILI) and Uzbekistan (ARI).

                Most of the 36 countries reporting on geographic distribution of influenza activity (27) reported no spread of influenza, while 8 reported sporadic spread and 1 country local spread.

                The impact of influenza on health care systems was low in all 23 countries reporting on this indicator.


                Virological situation - week 45/2010

                Sentinel physicians collected 523 respiratory specimens, of which 32 (6%) were positive for influenza virus: 19 (4%) were influenza A and 13 (3%) were influenza B.

                Among the influenza A viruses, 14 were subtyped as pandemic A(H1), 4 as influenza A(H3) and 1 was unsubtyped.

                In the 6 countries testing 20 or more sentinel specimens, influenza positivity ranged from 0% (Georgia, Germany, the Russian Federation) to 20% (Israel), with a mean of 6%.

                Among specimens tested from non-sentinel sources, 28 were positive for influenza: 16 influenza A and 12 influenza B.

                Of the influenza A viruses, 7 were subtyped as pandemic A(H1), 1 were influenza A(H3) and 8 were unsubtyped.

                Since week 40/2010, based on the reported antigenic characterization of 29 influenza viruses, 17 were A(H1) pandemic A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like, 4 were A(H3) A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like, 1 was B/Florida/4/2006-like (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage) and 7 were B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage).

                Based on the genetic characterization of 3 influenza viruses, 2 belonged to the A/California/7/2009 A(H1N1) pandemic group and 1 to the B/Florida/4/2006 (Yamagata) lineage.


                Cumulative virological update - weeks 40-45/2010

                A total of 230 influenza virus detections have been reported of which 140 were influenza A (61%) and 90 (39%) influenza B.

                Of the influenza A viruses, 63 (45%) were subtyped as pandemic influenza A(H1) 2009, 1 (1%) as influenza A(H1), 31 (22%) as influenza A(H3) and 45 (32%) were not subtyped.


                Comment

                Influenza activity remains low in the European Region, although there are areas of focal activity. Pandemic influenza A(H1) 2009, influenza A(H3) and influenza B viruses are circulating in the Region.


                Further information

                The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the web sites of WHO/Europe, WHO headquarters and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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                Comment


                • #23
                  EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 46 : 15/11/2010-21/11/2010 - 26 November 2010, Issue N? 377 (Extract, edited)

                  EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 46 : 15/11/2010-21/11/2010 - 26 November 2010, Issue N? 377 (Extract, edited)


                  [Source: EuroFlu, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extract, edited.]

                  EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 46 : 15/11/2010-21/11/2010 - 26 November 2010, Issue N? 377

                  Continued low level influenza activity in the European Region
                  • This issue is based on data reported in week 46/2010 by 43 Member States in the WHO European Region.
                  • Overall there is a low level of influenza activity in the Region.
                  • 3% of sentinel specimens tested positive for influenza.
                  • 9 countries reported influenza B detections; 4 countries, pandemic influenza A(H1N1) detections; and 3 countries, influenza A(H3N2) detections.


                  Current situation ? week 46/2010

                  None of the 33 countries reporting clinical data for week 46 observed noteworthy increases or decreases in clinical consultation rates for influenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory infection (ARI).

                  Of the 11 countries presenting calculated baseline thresholds, none reported clinical consultation rates above the thresholds.

                  The intensity of respiratory disease activity was reported as low in 35 countries and medium in 2 countries (Bulgaria and the Russian Federation).

                  Of the 37 countries that reported on the geographic distribution of influenza activity, 22 reported no spread of influenza; 14 reported sporadic spread, and 1 country reported local spread.

                  The impact of influenza on health care systems was low in all 25 countries reporting on this indicator.

                  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) also continues to circulate in the European Region, with 13 countries reporting RSV detections during week 46.


                  Virological situation ? week 46/2010

                  Sentinel physicians collected 562 respiratory specimens, of which 17 (3%) were positive for influenza virus: 6 were influenza A and 11 were influenza B. All 6 influenza A viruses were subtyped as pandemic A(H1).

                  For the 10 countries testing 20 or more sentinel specimens, influenza positivity ranged from 0% (Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Romania, the Russian Federation, Sweden) to 12.5% (Israel).

                  Among specimens tested from non-sentinel sources, 30 were positive for influenza: 13 influenza A and 17 influenza B. Of the influenza A viruses, 5 were subtyped as pandemic A(H1), 5 were influenza A(H3) and 3 were unsubtyped.

                  Since week 40/2010, the reported antigenic characterization of 29 influenza viruses has indicated that 17 were A(H1) pandemic A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like; 4 were A(H3) A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like; 1 was B/Florida/4/2006-like (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage) and 7 were B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage).

                  Based on the genetic characterization of 3 influenza viruses, 2 belonged to the A/California/7/2009 A(H1N1) pandemic group and 1 to the B/Florida/4/2006 (Yamagata) lineage.


                  Cumulative virological update ? weeks 40?46/2010

                  A total of 286 influenza virus detections has been reported, of which 161 (56%) were influenza A and 125 (44%) influenza B. Of the influenza A viruses, 110 were subtyped, 73 (66%) as pandemic influenza A(H1), 1 (1%) as influenza A(H1) and 36 (33%) as influenza A(H3).


                  Comment

                  Influenza activity remains low in the European Region, and there have not been any notable increases in clinical consultation rates for ILI or ARI. Influenza type B, pandemic influenza A(H1) and influenza A(H3) all continue to be detected. Also, several countries report RSV detections.


                  Further information

                  The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the web sites of WHO/Europe, WHO headquarters and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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                  Comment


                  • #24
                    EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 47 : 22/11/2010-28/11/2010 - 03 December 2010, Issue N? 378 (Extract, edited)

                    EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 47 : 22/11/2010-28/11/2010 - 03 December 2010, Issue N? 378 (Extract, edited)


                    [Source: EuroFlu, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extract, edited.]

                    EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 47 : 22/11/2010-28/11/2010 - 03 December 2010, Issue N? 378

                    Spreading low level influenza activity in the European Region
                    • This issue is based on data reported in week 47/2010 by 43 Member States in the WHO European Region.
                    • Overall, influenza activity is at a low level in the Region.
                    • Only 5.9% of sentinel specimens tested positive for influenza.
                    • Fourteen countries reported influenza B detections; nine countries, pandemic influenza A(H1N1) detections; and seven countries, influenza A(H3N2) detections.


                    Current situation ? week 47/2010

                    Of the 37 countries reporting clinical data, 18 reported small increases in clinical consultation rates for influenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory infection (ARI). These increases were more pronounced in trends for ARI than for ILI, and largely the result of recent increases in consultations for the groups aged 0?4 and 5?14 years. However, of the 10 countries presenting calculated baseline thresholds, none reported clinical consultation rates above their thresholds.

                    The intensity of respiratory disease activity was reported as low in 37 countries and medium in the Russian Federation.

                    Of the 38 countries that reported on the geographic distribution of influenza activity, 18 reported no spread of influenza; 18 reported sporadic spread, and two countries reported local spread.

                    The impact of influenza on health care systems was low in all 24 countries reporting on this indicator.

                    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) also continues to circulate in the European Region, with 15 countries reporting RSV detections during week 47.


                    Virological situation ? week 47/2010

                    Sentinel physicians collected 729 respiratory specimens, of which 43 (5.9%) were positive for influenza virus: 16 (37%) were influenza A and 27 (63%) were influenza B.

                    Of the 16 influenza A viruses, 14 were subtyped as pandemic A(H1), and two as influenza A(H3). For the 10 countries testing 20 or more sentinel specimens, influenza positivity ranged from 0% (Hungary, Kazakhstan, Romania, the Russian Federation) to 27.8% (Israel) with a median of 3.4%.

                    Among specimens tested from non-sentinel sources, 122 were positive for influenza: 66 (54%) influenza A and 56 (46%) influenza B.

                    Of the influenza A viruses, 15 were subtyped as pandemic A(H1), 11 as A(H3) and 40 were unsubtyped.

                    Since week 40/2010, 39 influenza viruses have been characterized antigenically: 21 were A(H1) pandemic A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like; seven were A(H3) A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like; one was B/Florida/4/2006-like (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage) and 10 were B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage).

                    Based on the genetic characterization of eight influenza viruses, four belonged to the pandemic A/California/7/2009 A(H1N1) clade; two belonged to the A(H3) clade represented by A/Perth/16/2009; one belonged to the A(H3) clade represented by the A/Victoria/208/2009 ? A/Hong Kong/2121/2010 subgroup, and one to the B/Florida/4/2006 (Yamagata) lineage.


                    Cumulative virological update ? weeks 40?47/2010

                    A total of 499 influenza virus detections have been reported, of which 272 (55%) were influenza A and 227 (45%) influenza B.

                    Of the influenza A viruses, 168 were subtyped: 108 (64%) as pandemic influenza A(H1), two (1%) as influenza A(H1) and 58 (35%) as influenza A(H3).


                    Comment

                    Influenza activity remains low in the European Region but the number of countries reporting influenza detections is increasing. Influenza type B, pandemic influenza A(H1) and influenza A(H3) all continue to be detected. Many countries are also reporting RSV detections.


                    Further information

                    The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the web sites of WHO/Europe, WHO headquarters and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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                    Comment


                    • #25
                      EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 48 : 29/11/2010-05/12/2010 - 10 December 2010, Issue N? 379

                      EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 48 : 29/11/2010-05/12/2010 - 10 December 2010, Issue N? 379 (Extract, edited)


                      [Source. EuroFlu, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extract, edited.]

                      EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 48 : 29/11/2010-05/12/2010 - 10 December 2010, Issue N? 379

                      Low levels but increasing influenza activity in the European Region
                      • This issue is based on data reported in week 48/2010 by 40 Member States in the WHO European Region.
                      • Overall, influenza activity is at a low level in the Region.
                      • 9.8% of sentinel specimens tested positive for influenza.
                      • Influenza B, pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and influenza A(H3N2) viruses are circulating in the Region.


                      Current situation - week 48/2010

                      Of the 32 countries reporting clinical data, 13 reported small increases in clinical consultation rates for influenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory infection (ARI). These increases were most pronounced in consultations for the groups aged 0-4 and 5-14 years.

                      Of the 11 countries presenting calculated baseline thresholds, the Russian Federation and Ukraine reported clinical consultation rates above their thresholds.

                      The intensity of respiratory disease activity was reported as low in 32 countries and medium in the Russian Federation.

                      Of the 34 countries that reported on the geographic distribution of influenza activity, 13 reported no spread of influenza, 16 reported sporadic spread, and five countries reported local spread.

                      The impact of influenza on health care systems was low in all 22 countries reporting on this indicator.

                      Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) also continues to circulate in the European Region, with 16 countries reporting RSV detections during week 48.


                      Virological situation - week 48/2010

                      Sentinel physicians collected 674 respiratory specimens, of which 66 (9.8%) were positive for influenza virus: 32 (48%) were influenza A and 34 (52%) were influenza B.

                      Of the 32 influenza A viruses 30 were subtyped, 27 as pandemic A(H1), and three as A(H3).

                      For the 10 countries testing 20 or more sentinel specimens, influenza positivity ranged from 0% to 36.7% with a median of 3.8%. Of these countries the United Kingdom (England) (22%) and Georgia (36.7%) reported that over 20% of sentinel specimens tested positive for influenza.

                      Among specimens tested from non-sentinel sources, 236 were positive for influenza: 126 (53%) influenza A and 110 (47%) influenza B.

                      Sixty-eight of the influenza A viruses were subtyped, 49 as pandemic A(H1) and 19 as A(H3).

                      Since week 40/2010, 56 influenza viruses have been characterized antigenically: 27 were A(H1) pandemic A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like; eight were A(H3) A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like; one was B/Florida/4/2006-like (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage); and 20 were B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage).

                      Based on the genetic characterization of 12 influenza viruses, six belonged to the pandemic A/California/7/2009 A(H1N1) clade; two belonged to the A(H3) clade represented by A/Perth/16/2009; one belonged to the A(H3) clade represented by the A/Victoria/208/2009 - A/Hong Kong/2121/2010 subgroup; two belonged to the B/Bangladesh/333/2007 (Yamagata) lineage; and one to the B/Florida/4/2006 (Yamagata) lineage.


                      Cumulative virological update - weeks 40-48/2010

                      A total of 753 influenza virus detections have been reported, of which 411 (55%) were influenza A and 342 (45%) influenza B.

                      Of the influenza A viruses, 251 were subtyped: 167 (67%) as pandemic influenza A(H1), one (<1%) as influenza A(H1) and 83 (33%) as influenza A(H3).


                      Comment

                      Influenza activity remains low in the European Region but the number of countries reporting influenza detections is increasing. This is also reflected in the percentage positive samples: in the current week 9.8% of samples tested positive compared to 5.9% last week. Influenza type B, pandemic influenza A(H1) and influenza A(H3) viruses have been detected. RSV is also circulating and the pattern is similar to the 2009/2010 season at this time of the year.


                      Further information

                      The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the web sites of WHO/Europe, WHO headquarters and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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                      Comment


                      • #26
                        EuroFlu - Influenza-like Illness Activity - Geographical Spread Indicator - Snapshot, December 14 2010

                        From EuroFlu Interactive Maps page: http://www.euroflu.org/html/maps.html

                        Influenza-like Illness Activity - Geographical Spread Indicator - Snapshot, December 14 2010


                        Most of European Region countries are reporting sporadic ILI activity.

                        England, Norway, Armenia, Georgia and some Russian Federation Regions are reporting Local activity.

                        Kaliningrad and another Russian region report Regional activity.

                        To date, dominating type/subtypes are:

                        -- Influenza B is the dominant strain in: Portugal, Belgium, Israel, Italy, Georgia, Norway, Sweden and in one Russian Federation region.

                        -- Influenza A is the dominant type in: Spain (H1N1 (2009)), England, Finland (H1N1 (2009)) and co-circulate with B in Sweden.


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                        Attached Files

                        Comment


                        • #27
                          EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 49 : 06/12/2010-12/12/2010 - 17 December 2010, Issue N? 380 (Extract, edited)

                          EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 49 : 06/12/2010-12/12/2010 - 17 December 2010, Issue N? 380 (Extract, edited)


                          [Source: EuroFlu, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extract, edited.]

                          EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 49 : 06/12/2010-12/12/2010 - 17 December 2010, Issue N? 380

                          Overall low levels but slowly increasing influenza activity in some countries in the European Region
                          • This issue is based on data reported in week 49/2010 by 41 Member States in the WHO European Region.
                          • Influenza activity remains low in most countries but influenza virus detections are increasing.
                          • 20.4% of sentinel specimens tested positive for influenza.
                          • Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009, influenza B, and influenza A(H3N2) viruses are circulating in the Region.


                          Current situation - week 49/2010

                          Of the 34 countries submitting data on influenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory infection (ARI), increasing consultation rates were reported by 11 countries, mostly in children aged 0-14.

                          The increases were generally small, except in the United Kingdom (England) which observed more pronounced increases in both ILI and ARI consultation rates for most age groups.

                          Of the 36 countries reporting on the geographical spread of influenza, most reported either no (13) or sporadic (16) distribution, while 3 reported local activity, 3 regional activity and 1 widespread activity.

                          The impact of influenza on health care systems was low in all but one (Ireland) of the 22 countries reporting on this indicator.

                          Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is also circulating and 19 countries reported detections during week 49.


                          Virological situation ? week 49/2010

                          Sentinel physicians collected 828 respiratory specimens, of which 169 (20%) were positive for influenza virus: 101 (60%) were influenza A and 68 (40%) were influenza B.

                          Of the influenza A viruses, 86 were subtyped: 81 as pandemic A(H1) and 5 as A(H3).

                          For the 13 countries testing 20 or more sentinel specimens, influenza positivity ranged from 0% to 42% with a median of 6%. Influenza positivity was highest in the UK (England, 42%), Finland (38%) and Israel (37%).

                          Among specimens tested from non-sentinel sources, 251 were positive for influenza: 153 (61%) influenza A and 98 (39%) influenza B.

                          Fifty-four of the non-sentinal influenza A viruses were subtyped: 44 were pandemic A(H1) and 10 A(H3).

                          Since week 40/2010, 79 influenza viruses have been characterized antigenically: 38 were A(H1) pandemic A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like; 13 were A(H3) A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like; 1 was B/Florida/4/2006-like (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage); 1 was B/Bangladesh/3333/2007-like (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage) and 26 were B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage).

                          Based on the genetic characterization of 22 influenza viruses, 12 belonged to the pandemic A/California/7/2009 A(H1N1) clade; 3 belonged to the A(H3) clade represented by A/Perth/16/2009; 2 belonged to the A(H3) clade represented by the A/Victoria/208/2009 - A/Hong Kong/2121/2010 subgroup, 4 belonged to the B/Bangladesh/3333/2007 (Yamagata) lineage and 1 to the B/Florida/4/2006 (Yamagata) lineage.


                          Cumulative virological update - weeks 40?49/2010

                          A total of 1 251 influenza virus detections have been reported, of which 734 (59%) were influenza A and 517 (41%) influenza B.

                          Of the influenza A viruses, 447 have been subtyped: 339 (76%) as pandemic influenza A(H1), one (<1%) as influenza A(H1) and 107 (24%) as influenza A(H3).


                          Comment

                          Overall influenza activity remains low in most countries of the European Region. However, the number of countries reporting influenza detections and the positivity of sentinel samples are increasing. In week 49/2010, 20% of sentinel samples tested positive for influenza compared with 10% in the previous week. Pandemic A(H1N1) 2009, influenza type B, and influenza A(H3) viruses have all been detected and RSV continues to circulate.


                          Further information

                          The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the web sites of WHO/Europe, WHO headquarters and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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                          Comment


                          • #28
                            EuroFlu - Influenza-like Illness Activity - Geographical Spread Indicator - Snapshot, December 20 2010

                            Source: EuroFlu.org, interactive maps page: http://www.euroflu.org/html/maps.html



                            Influenza Activity - Geographical Spread Indicator, as for December 20 2010

                            • Sporadic Activity: (Dominant Type/Subtype)
                              • Portugal (B)
                              • Spain
                              • France
                              • Belgium (B)
                              • Luxembourg
                              • Germany
                              • Poland
                              • Slovenia
                              • Slovakia
                              • Belarus
                              • Lettonia
                              • Estonia
                              • Turkey
                              • Azerbaijan
                              • Sweden (A+B)
                              • Ireland (H1N1 (2009))
                              • UK - Wales
                              • UK - Scotland
                            • Local Activity:
                              • Norway (B)
                              • Switzerland
                            • Regional Activity:
                              • Italy (H1N1 (2009))
                              • Israel (B)
                              • Ukraine
                              • Finland (H1N1 (2009))
                            • Widespread Activity:
                              • UK - England (A)

                            Russian Federation reports westward regional to local activity and far-east sporadic activity.

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                            Attached Files

                            Comment


                            • #29
                              EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 50 : 13/12/2010-19/12/2010 - 23 December 2010, Issue N? 381 (Extract, edited)

                              EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 50 : 13/12/2010-19/12/2010 - 23 December 2010, Issue N? 381 (Extract, edited)


                              [Source: EuroFlu.org, full page: <cite cite="http://www.euroflu.org/cgi-files/bulletin_v2.cgi">EuroFlu - Bulletin Review</cite>. Extract, edited.]

                              EuroFlu - Weekly Electronic Bulletin - Week 50 : 13/12/2010-19/12/2010 - 23 December 2010, Issue N? 381

                              Overall low levels of influenza activity in the WHO European Region but some countries reporting increased activity
                              • This issue is based on data reported in week 50/2010 by 42 Member States in the WHO European Region.
                              • Influenza activity remains low in most countries but influenza virus detections are increasing.
                              • 39% of sentinel specimens tested positive for influenza.
                              • Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009, influenza B, and influenza A(H3N2) viruses are circulating in the Region.


                              Current situation - week 50/2010

                              Of the 32 countries submitting data on influenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory infection (ARI), increasing consultation rates were reported by 8 countries, mostly in children aged 0-14.

                              The increases were generally small, except in the United Kingdom (England) where ILI and ARI consultation rates continued to increase steeply.

                              Of the 13 countries presenting calculated baseline thresholds, France, Ireland, the Russian Federation and Ukraine reported clinical consultation rates above their thresholds.

                              Of the 33 countries reporting on the geographical spread of influenza, most reported either no (6) or sporadic (12) distribution, while 7 reported local activity, 6 regional activity and 2 widespread activity.

                              The impact of influenza on health care systems was low in 17 of the 20 countries reporting on this indicator, with 3 countries reporting moderate impact (Finland, Ireland, Israel).

                              Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is also circulating and 14 countries reported detections during week 50.


                              Virological situation - week 50/2010

                              Sentinel physicians collected 1188 respiratory specimens, of which 465 (39%) were positive for influenza virus: 318 (68%) were influenza A and 147 (32%) were influenza B.

                              Of the influenza A viruses 291 were subtyped, 274 (94%) as pandemic A(H1) and 17 (6%) as A(H3).

                              For the 11 countries testing 20 or more sentinel specimens, influenza positivity ranged from 0% to 60% with a median of 28% (mean: 26%). Influenza positivity was highest in Finland (60%), the United Kingdom (56%), and Israel (46%).

                              Among specimens tested from non-sentinel sources, 907 were positive for influenza: 647 (71%) influenza A and 260 (29%) influenza B.

                              Of the influenza A viruses 181 were subtyped, 161 (89%) as pandemic A(H1) and 20 (11%) as A(H3).

                              Since week 40/2010, 161 influenza viruses have been characterized antigenically: 90 were A(H1) pandemic A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like; 15 were A(H3) A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like; 5 were B/Florida/4/2006-like (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage); and 51 were B/Brisbane/60/2008-like (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage).

                              Based on the genetic characterization of 30 influenza viruses: 18 belonged to the pandemic A/California/7/2009 A(H1N1) clade; 3 belonged to the A(H3) clade represented by A/Perth/16/2009; 4 belonged to the A(H3) clade represented by the A/Victoria/208/2009 - A/Hong Kong/2121/2010 subgroup; 4 belonged to the B/Bangladesh/3333/2007 clade (Yamagata) lineage; and 1 to the B/Florida/4/2006 clade (Yamagata) lineage.


                              Cumulative virological update - weeks 40-50/2010

                              A total of 2 744 influenza virus detections have been reported, of which 1 794 (65%) were influenza A and 950 (35%) influenza B. Of the influenza A viruses, 1012 have been subtyped: 853 (84%) as pandemic influenza A(H1); one (<1%) as influenza A(H1); and 158 (16%) as influenza A(H3).


                              Comment

                              Overall, influenza activity remains low in most countries of the WHO European Region. However, the number of countries reporting influenza detections and the rates of positivity in sentinel samples are increasing. Overall in week 50/2010, 39% of sentinel samples tested positive for influenza compared with 10% in the previous week. Pandemic A(H1N1) 2009, influenza type B, and influenza A(H3) viruses have all been detected and RSV continues to circulate.


                              Further information

                              The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 countries in the WHO European Region. Further information can be obtained from the web sites of WHO/Europe, WHO headquarters and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

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                              • #30
                                EuroFlu - Influenza-like Illness Activity - Geographical Spread Indicator - Snapshot, December 27 2010

                                Source: EuroFlu.org, Interactive Maps Page: http://www.euroflu.org/html/maps.html

                                EuroFlu - Influenza-like Illness Activity - Geographical Spread Indicator - Snapshot, December 27 2010

                                EuroFlu reports for the geographical spread indicator of the influenza-like illness activity across European Region the situation depicted in the below map:



                                Influenza-like illness activity is geographically

                                • WIDESPREAD in
                                  • United Kingdom (England)
                                  • Belgium
                                  • Luxembourg
                                  • One of the Russian Federation Region and
                                  • Kaliningrad (RF).

                                Influenza-like illness activity is geographically
                                • REGIONAL in
                                  • France
                                  • Italy
                                  • Norway
                                  • Ukraine
                                  • Israel
                                  • Some of the Russian Federation Regions

                                ILI is also geographically LOCALLY active in:
                                • Spain
                                • Republic of Ireland
                                • Switzerland
                                • Germany
                                • Sweden
                                • One of the Russian Federation regions

                                The IMPACT on the health care system is reported as MODERATE in the Republic of Ireland, Finland and Israel.

                                Virologically, the dominant strains are:

                                Former pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus in Spain, Italy, Republic of Ireland, UK Northern Ireland, and Finland.

                                Influenza B is the dominant strain in Portugal, Switzerland, UK Scotland, Norway, Sweden, Russian Federation and Israel.
                                Attached Files

                                Comment

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