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Source: https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-pers...an-sep-01-2021
News Scan for Sep 01, 2021
Superbug screening in ICU kids; Negative Ebola test in Ivory Coast case; Low global flu levels
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship; Ebola; VHF; Influenza, General
Vietnamese study finds benefits from CRE screening in newborns
Admission screening for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) at a Vietnamese children's hospital was associated with reduced CRE acquisition, hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), duration of hospital stay, and costs, according to a study published this week in Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control.
In the prospective intervention cohort study, a team of Swedish and Vietnamese researchers assessed the effectiveness of CRE admission screening and cohort care in three intensive care units (ICUs) at Vietnamese National Children's Hospital. During the intervention, all newborns admitted to the ICU were screened upon admission, then treated in cohorts base on CRE colonization status. Newborns who initially tested negative were screened once a week. The primary outcomes were CRE acquisition and colonization, HAI rate, and treatment outcome and costs.
Of 941 newborns screened at admission, 337 (35.8%) were CRE-positive. Of the 694 patients that met inclusion criteria, 244 who were CRE-negative at admission and screened more than two times were stratified in eight similarly sized groups (periods), based on time of admission. In the three ICUs combined, CRE acquisition decreased significantly (odds ratio, [OR], − 3.2) over the eight periods, from 90% in period 2 to 48% in period 8.
CRE acquisition was significantly correlated with culture-confirmed HAI, weeks of hospital stay, and total treatment cost. Patients with CRE acquisition compared to no CRE acquisition had a significantly higher rate of culture confirmed HAI (14% vs 2%), longer hospital stays (3.26 vs. 2.37 weeks), and higher total treatment costs ($2,852 vs. $2,295 USD).
"The admission CRE screening and cohort care intervention showed that CRE acquisition can be reduced with limited resources and be cost-effective by reducing CRE colonization, HAI, and duration of hospital stay," the study authors wrote. "As large proportions of patients were CRE colonized at admission, indicating a significant CRE spread in non-tertiary level hospitals, CRE screening should be implemented in all healthcare levels in the endemic Vietnamese system."
The authors add that, since their study contained no control group, a randomized controlled trial is needed to better assess the impact of CRE screening and cohort care.
Aug 30 Antimicrob Resist Infect Control study
Confirmation tests rule out Ebola in recent Ivory Coast case
Follow-up tests on Ivory Coast's recent Ebola case, involving a woman who had traveled from Guinea, were negative, the World Health Organization (WHO) African regional office said yesterday.
The negative findings were found after a second round of tests at the Pasteur Institute in France. Initially, tests at the Pasteur Institute lab in Ivory Coast had confirmed Ebola in the 18-year-old woman's samples on Aug 14.
Further analysis of the cause of the woman's infection is under way. Of the 140 contacts identified, no other illnesses or positive Ebola findings were noted. The woman was hospitalized and has recovered, according to media reports.
The initial positive test findings triggered a responses in Ivory Coast and Guinea, including the deployment of vaccine for frontline health workers and people identified for ring immunization.
The WHO said it has downgraded its actions in Ivory Coast from response to readiness mode. The Ivory Coast reported its last Ebola case in 1994, which involved a scientist who contracted the virus from an infected chimpanzee.
Aug 31 WHO African regional office statement
Global flu stays low, tilts toward influenza A
In a global flu update that covers the first half of August, flu levels remained very low in both hemispheres, detections continue to increase in Southern Asia countries India and Nepal, with sporadic detections elsewhere, including in the Americas region, the WHO said in its latest global flu update.
Most of the activity in India and Nepal is due to H3N2. In the Americas, sporadic detections of both influenza A and B were reported in the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico. Elsewhere, some countries in East and West Africa continue to report flu cases.
Of the few respiratory samples that tested positive for flu from Aug 2 though Aug 15, 65.1% were influenza A and 34.9% were influenza B. Of the subtyped influenza A samples, 93.8% were H3N2. All of the characterized influenza B samples were the Victoria lineage.
The WHO included its usual caveat that the global flu patterns should be interpreted with caution, given potential impacts from COVID-19 surveillance and response measures.
Aug 30 WHO global flu update
News Scan for Sep 01, 2021
Superbug screening in ICU kids; Negative Ebola test in Ivory Coast case; Low global flu levels
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship; Ebola; VHF; Influenza, General
Vietnamese study finds benefits from CRE screening in newborns
Admission screening for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) at a Vietnamese children's hospital was associated with reduced CRE acquisition, hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), duration of hospital stay, and costs, according to a study published this week in Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control.
In the prospective intervention cohort study, a team of Swedish and Vietnamese researchers assessed the effectiveness of CRE admission screening and cohort care in three intensive care units (ICUs) at Vietnamese National Children's Hospital. During the intervention, all newborns admitted to the ICU were screened upon admission, then treated in cohorts base on CRE colonization status. Newborns who initially tested negative were screened once a week. The primary outcomes were CRE acquisition and colonization, HAI rate, and treatment outcome and costs.
Of 941 newborns screened at admission, 337 (35.8%) were CRE-positive. Of the 694 patients that met inclusion criteria, 244 who were CRE-negative at admission and screened more than two times were stratified in eight similarly sized groups (periods), based on time of admission. In the three ICUs combined, CRE acquisition decreased significantly (odds ratio, [OR], − 3.2) over the eight periods, from 90% in period 2 to 48% in period 8.
CRE acquisition was significantly correlated with culture-confirmed HAI, weeks of hospital stay, and total treatment cost. Patients with CRE acquisition compared to no CRE acquisition had a significantly higher rate of culture confirmed HAI (14% vs 2%), longer hospital stays (3.26 vs. 2.37 weeks), and higher total treatment costs ($2,852 vs. $2,295 USD).
"The admission CRE screening and cohort care intervention showed that CRE acquisition can be reduced with limited resources and be cost-effective by reducing CRE colonization, HAI, and duration of hospital stay," the study authors wrote. "As large proportions of patients were CRE colonized at admission, indicating a significant CRE spread in non-tertiary level hospitals, CRE screening should be implemented in all healthcare levels in the endemic Vietnamese system."
The authors add that, since their study contained no control group, a randomized controlled trial is needed to better assess the impact of CRE screening and cohort care.
Aug 30 Antimicrob Resist Infect Control study
Confirmation tests rule out Ebola in recent Ivory Coast case
Follow-up tests on Ivory Coast's recent Ebola case, involving a woman who had traveled from Guinea, were negative, the World Health Organization (WHO) African regional office said yesterday.
The negative findings were found after a second round of tests at the Pasteur Institute in France. Initially, tests at the Pasteur Institute lab in Ivory Coast had confirmed Ebola in the 18-year-old woman's samples on Aug 14.
Further analysis of the cause of the woman's infection is under way. Of the 140 contacts identified, no other illnesses or positive Ebola findings were noted. The woman was hospitalized and has recovered, according to media reports.
The initial positive test findings triggered a responses in Ivory Coast and Guinea, including the deployment of vaccine for frontline health workers and people identified for ring immunization.
The WHO said it has downgraded its actions in Ivory Coast from response to readiness mode. The Ivory Coast reported its last Ebola case in 1994, which involved a scientist who contracted the virus from an infected chimpanzee.
Aug 31 WHO African regional office statement
Global flu stays low, tilts toward influenza A
In a global flu update that covers the first half of August, flu levels remained very low in both hemispheres, detections continue to increase in Southern Asia countries India and Nepal, with sporadic detections elsewhere, including in the Americas region, the WHO said in its latest global flu update.
Most of the activity in India and Nepal is due to H3N2. In the Americas, sporadic detections of both influenza A and B were reported in the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico. Elsewhere, some countries in East and West Africa continue to report flu cases.
Of the few respiratory samples that tested positive for flu from Aug 2 though Aug 15, 65.1% were influenza A and 34.9% were influenza B. Of the subtyped influenza A samples, 93.8% were H3N2. All of the characterized influenza B samples were the Victoria lineage.
The WHO included its usual caveat that the global flu patterns should be interpreted with caution, given potential impacts from COVID-19 surveillance and response measures.
Aug 30 WHO global flu update