India Encephalitis 2016, 1,376 fatalities

[Ronan Kelly]

Uttar Pradesh
Commission tough on hair growing encephalitis deaths
B Publish Date: Thu, 08 2016 01:37 common land (East) | Updated Date: Thu, 08 2016 01:37 common land (East)
Gorakhpur

Continuing deaths from encephalitis The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights has become tougher. Treatment and prevention measures in respect of the Uttar Pradesh government has sought to respond again. The delay in sending the report on the investigation has raged.

Arun Kumar Sinha, principal secretary of health said in a letter to encephalitis and waterborne diseases are dying in large numbers. The government and the families of the innocent, protect what measures have been taken with regard to rehabilitation.

Given the attitude of the Commission sent a letter to Chief Secretary DM of Gorakhpur has sought complete details. DM has asked the CMO. More officers are rudderless. Is preparing to answer a hurry.

Since most deaths occurred at BRD Medical College, so CMO in this regard the principal sent letters to a number of deaths, is seeking information on treatment and rehabilitation.

Please tell the only medical college in 1914 in encephalitis patients admitted so far this year, of which 498 have already been killed. The process is still continuing. Three patients were recruited in the last twenty-four hours, while another was killed. 40 innocents is still undergoing treatment.

-------------

Following the letter of the rule of BRD Medical College Hospital Saisi principal and district report has been sought in this regard. Medical College has not yet responded.

DR. AK Pandey, District Malaria Officer

- See more at: http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/....CVyaQPte.dpuf

Comment: At least 83 deaths have occurred at facilities other than BRD raising Uttar Pradesh's toll to at least 581 with 32 deaths in the past 14 days. - Ro

[Ronan Kelly]

Odisha
Vaccination for Japanese Encephalitis in four districts

TNN | Updated: Dec 8, 2016, 10.46 AM IST


BHUBANESWAR: The state government on Wednesday said it has started vaccination for Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) that claimed around 154 children in the state. Health minister P K Amat said the vaccination process would be carried out in four districts - Malkangiri, Mayurbhanj, Jajpur and Keonjhar.
Amat said the Centre has informed the state government to supply 1.13 crore long-lasting insecticide Net (LLIN), which would be initially distributed in Koraput, Nabarangapur, Malkangiri and Rayagada districts from the current month.
So far, 112 children have died of AES while 42 children died due to JE, Amat said, adding, "JE positive cases were also reported from Malkangiri, Koraput, Mayurbhanj, Nayagarh, Puri, Sonepur and Sundargarh".

...

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Vaccination-for-Japanese-Encephalitis-in-four-districts/articleshow/55867982.cms?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

[Ronan Kelly]

Odisha
JE disease showing a downward trend in Malkangiri: Amat

Bhubaneswar | Wednesday, Dec 7 2016 IST

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrom (AES) which has claimed 103 lives in Malkangiri has shown a downward trend in the wake of various measures taken by the state government on the recommendations of the expert team.
Replying to a motion moved by Leader of Opposition Narshingha Mishra in the Odisha Assembly here today, Mr Amat said this year the JE was detected in Balasore, Cuttack, Dhenkanal, Jajpur, Cuttack ,Ganjam, Puri, Sonepur, Sundergarh,Rayagada, Mayurbhanja and Koraput.

However, the impact of the JE/AES was more prominent in Malkangiri. Where a total 103 children have died due to JE/AES out of which 37 have died alone in JE and 67 due to AES, Mr Amat said

The Minister said till today out of 336 blood samples of patients tested 175 were found JE positive. Similarly the blood samples collected from 328 pigs as many as 103 were found JE positive by the Animal Disease Research Institute, Phulnakahara.
...

http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20161207/3008081.html

[Ronan Kelly]

http://nvbdcp.gov.in/Doc/je-aes-cd-27Nov16.pdf

Ro' Comments: We have reports in this thread of 154 confirmed encephalitis deaths in Odisha to December 8th. Two fatalities were reported in Karnataka to July 10. Delhi reported a death on July 22. Manipur reported 4 deaths to August 10. Madhya Pradesh reported 37 cases with 14 fatalities to August 11. Telangana reported a fatality on Aug 14. Maharashtra reported 3 cases of AES, 1 fatal in the Week 28 IDSP report. Chhattisgarh has reported 14 deaths to Nov 1st. Fatalities in Uttar Pradesh have risen to 581.

Putting all of this together, confirmed fatalities now total to 1,295.

Comparison of NVBDCP numbers to similar period in previous years:
Year // AES Cases/ Deaths/ JE Cases/ Deaths
2015// 9,854 / 1,210 / 1,730 / 291 for full year
2014// 9,358 / 1,467 / 1,484 / 275 to December 1st
2013// 7,825 / 1,273 / 1,086 / 202 for full year
2012//7,685 / 1,143 / 704 / 136 to November 19th
2011// 7,137 / 1,064 / NA / NA to December 1st

[Ronan Kelly]

Uttar Pradesh
Two deaths from encephalitis in 24 hours
B Publish date: seven, 2016 01:12 X. country common (East) | Date Updated: Seven, 2016 01:12 X. country common (East)

Gorakhpur:

Despite the changing weather from encephalitis death of innocents continues. Medical College during 24 hours in two deaths from encephalitis. One patient was admitted for treatment in the ward concerned. A total of 35 patients are being treated in the ward.

Prince Sntkbir dead town (7) and Tendulkar (18 months) are. The patient is admitted to Kushinagar. Encephalitis in the medical college since January 1917 for the treatment of patients admitted to 500 have died.

- See more at: http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/....Z5ycJfku.dpuf

Comment: At least 83 deaths have occurred at facilities other than BRD raising Uttar Pradesh's toll to at least 583. - Ro

[Ronan Kelly]

Uttar Pradesh [edited]
Most deaths from encephalitis in Gorakhpur Division
B Publish Date: Thu, 2016 12:59 PM fifteen countries (East) | Date Updated: Thu, 2016 12:59 PM fifteen countries (East)

Gorakhpur entire eastern surrounding district, Bihar and Nepal is vulnerable to encephalitis in Gorakhpur on board
Gorakhpur

The entire eastern, surrounding district, Bihar and Nepal is vulnerable to encephalitis in Gorakhpur division situations are startling. At the end of the year the number of deaths from disease patients, prevention and treatment is enough to bring to justice arrangements. Gorakhpur Medical College and other hospitals this year, 3301 patients were recruited, of whom 576 died. Of these patients, 415 deaths occurred in the four districts of Gorakhpur division of the 2752 patients admitted here.

The data is clear that 83 per cent of patients admitted to hospitals of Gorakhpur division from total enrolled. Over 72 per cent of all deaths occurred in just the same board. Kushinagar district-wise speaking, most of whom 134 [of 982] enrolled patients died. [134 deaths from] 690 of whom were recruited from Gorakhpur recruitment, while 68 out of 657 Deoria Maharajganj killed 53 of the 403.

Also township, Sntkbirnagr, Siddharth, Azamgarh, Balrampur, Gonda, Mau, Budaun, Ballia, Ambedkar Nagar as well as Bihar, Jharkhand and Nepal, [with]161 [deaths] from a total of 576 [patients].

However, it is clear from the data that the disease is the most havoc in the body. It has been in previous years. Health officials from the government, well aware of this fact, yet the disease is uncontrollable. Disease prevention measures before all claims have been made. Pure drinking water, immunization, sanitation in villages in the name of the larger burden. Where health centers for treatment seeks to prepare fully. Encephalitis Treatment Centre opened. The largest medical center in the BRD Medical College of eastern medicine, the equipment has been shed in the name of money like water, but neither the Board nor decreased the number of patients admitted to the deaths could only be contained.

- See more at: http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/....NdWbjmpH.dpuf

[Ronan Kelly]

Odisha
Japanese encephalitis vaccination time period extended in Malkangiri

TNN | Updated: Dec 16, 2016, 08.15 AM IST


KORAPUT: The Malkangiri district administration extended the programme of vaccinating children in the age group of 1 to 15 against Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus till December 24.
Earlier, the administration had declared to continue the special vaccination programme, which was launched on December 5, till December 15.
As many as 18,027 children aged between 1 and 15 have been identified for vaccination from across the district during the three-day door-to-door survey conducted by the administration from November 21.
Till December 14, around 90% children were vaccinated against the JE.
...

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/japanese-encephalitis-vaccination-time-period-extended-in-malkangiri/articleshow/56011761.cms

[Ronan Kelly]

Maharashtra

Published Date: 2016-12-23 15:39:31
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Japanese encephalitis and other - India (39): (MA)
Archive Number: 20161223.4720235
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER - INDIA (39): (MAHARASHTRA)
************************************************** *********
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Fri 23 Dec 2016
Source: Times of India [edited]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/c...w/56128522.cms


Another case of Japanese encephalitis, a mosquito-borne viral disease, has emerged in the city [Pune], just weeks after health authorities confirmed the 1st case of the infection. A 21-year-old student from Hadapsar tested positive for the disease at the Pune-based National Institute of Virology (NIV) on 12 Dec [2016].

The 2 cases within days have put health authorities on their toes, leading them to increase surveillance in the patients' neighborhoods. TOI [Times of India] reported the 1st case of JE [Japanese encephalitis] in the city on 10 Dec [2016] after an 18-year-old agriculture science student in the city, originally from Satara, was diagnosed with the infection at NIV on 30 Nov [2016]. His condition was initially critical, and he is currently undergoing treatment at Deenanath Mangeshkar hospital (DMH).

This is the 1st time in Pune and western Maharashtra that cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) have been detected, as the disease is usually seen in the state's eastern districts.

Experts say the spread of the disease is a cause for concern as it indicates the virus is circulating in a wider geographical area.

"The infected person is a student who stays in Kalepadal in Hadapsar. His blood sample, sent to NIV, tested positive for JE on 12 Dec [2016]," a doctor from Sassoon hospital, where the patient underwent treatment, said.

"We have directed health officials to conduct entomological surveillance in the areas where both the patients stayed to curb the spread of the vector. Besides, we have also directed health officials to conduct fever surveillance in these areas and send blood samples of suspected patients to NIV for testing," joint director (vector-borne diseases) of the state health department Kanchan Jagtap said.

When contacted, state surveillance officer Pradeep Awate of the state health department said: "Such cases were never seen in Pune earlier. Barring a lone outbreak recorded in Sangli district's village Budhgaon in 1999, the JE virus was never reported in western Maharashtra." Awate added that it was important to find out the epidemiological linkage of both the Japanese encephalitis cases recorded in the city. "An entomological study is warranted to see if the virus has undergone any change in its genetic makeup or if there is any change in the vector mosquito itself," Awate said.

The _Culex_ type of mosquito, which feeds on animal blood, especially pigs, is the main vector [amplifying host] of the disease in Maharashtra. "Prevention and containment are key, as there is no specific drug, and treatment of JE is symptomatic. People should keep their surroundings clean. Besides, those living in proximity of animals or piggeries should take extra precautions. Larvicides must be used periodically in ponds with vegetation as they provide a conducive atmosphere for the vector to breed and propagate. Regular cutting of water hyacinth is also very important," Awate said.

A health official from the Pune Municipal Corporation said the civic body has taken up fogging as well as spraying of insecticide and larvicide around the patients' neighborhoods. "We are also cutting hyacinth regularly," the official added.

[Byline: Umesh Isalkar]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail


[Detection of JE cases in a new locality, such as Pune, raises epidemiologically important questions. Pigs may certainly serve as amplifying hosts, but the reservoir species are avian species, including ardeid birds (such as herons and egrets), which may have been the species responsible for movement of the virus into the area. The current situation in Pune presents an opportunity to take a "one health" approach and examine whether subclinical human cases are occurring and determine the role of both birds and pigs in transmission, maintenance, and movement of the virus in the area. Meanwhile, mosquito vector control efforts are prudent, and vector surveillance over several weeks will be necessary to quantify the effectiveness of the measures applied.

Maps of India can be seen at http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/indi...itical-map.htm - Mod.TY]
...
http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php...161223.4720235

Boy dies of Japanese encephalitis in Solapur

Umesh Isalkar | TNN | Updated: Dec 24, 2016, 09.07 AM IST


PUNE: After infecting two students in Pune, the mosquito-borne virus causing Japanese encephalitis (JE) has claimed the life of a nine-year-old child in Solapur.
This is the first death caused by the virus in Maharashtra so far this year. The child's blood samples had tested positive for JE at Pune-based National Institute of Virology (NIV).
This is the first time that cases of JE are being detected in western Maharashtra as earlier the disease was only seen in the state's eastern districts. Barring a lone outbreak in Sangli district's village Budhgaon in 1999, the virus was never reported in western Maharashtra.
...
"The child had onset of illness from November 30. He was admitted to a state-run medical college attached hospital in Solapur where his condition further deteriorated. His condition was critical. He died on December 4. His blood sample sent to NIV tested positive for the virus on December 8," state surveillance officer Pradeep Awate told TOI on Friday.
...
TOI reported the first case of JE in the city on December 10 after an 18-year-old agriculture science student in the city ? originally from Satara ? was diagnosed with the infection by NIV on November 30. He is a resident of Baner. His condition was initially critical and he is currently undergoing treatment at Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital.

Weeks after the first case, the second case of JE was recorded in the city on December 12 when a 21-year-old student from Hadapsar tested positive for the disease.
...
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/c...w/56147336.cms

[Ronan Kelly]

Uttar Pradesh
Encephalitis claimed three more
B Publish date: Tue, 2016 01:25 common twenty-seven country (East) | Date Updated: Tue, 2016 01:25 common twenty-seven country (East)
Gorakhpur

In eastern encephalitis deaths continues to recruit patients. BRD Medical College in the past two days, four patients were admitted and three others were killed. Nehru, 26 patients are being treated in hospital.

The three were killed twelve of them Ajajuddin Gorakhpur, Basti and Siddharth light of five years including three years Kamlesh. So far this year, BRD Medical College from January 1955, of which 512 patients have been admitted have been killed.

- See more at: http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/....zJ9UtMSC.dpuf

Comment: At least 83 deaths have occurred at facilities other than BRD raising Uttar Pradesh's toll to at least 595 with 38 cases and 12 deaths occurring in the past two weeks. - Ro

[Ronan Kelly]

http://nvbdcp.gov.in/Doc/je-aes-cd-25Dec16.pdf

Ro' Comments: We have reports in this thread of 154 confirmed encephalitis deaths in Odisha to December 8th. Two fatalities were reported in Karnataka to July 10. Delhi reported a death on July 22. Manipur reported 4 deaths to August 10. Madhya Pradesh reported 37 cases with 14 fatalities to August 11. Telangana reported a fatality on Aug 14. Maharashtra reported 3 cases of AES, 1 fatal in the Week 28 IDSP report and another on Dec 4th. Chhattisgarh has reported 14 deaths to Nov 1st.

Putting all of this together, confirmed fatalities now total to 1,353.

[Ronan Kelly]

Updated figures from NVBDCP;

http://nvbdcp.gov.in/Doc/je-aes-cd-Jan17.pdf

Ro' Comments: We have reports in this thread of 154 confirmed encephalitis deaths in Odisha to December 8th. Two fatalities were reported in Karnataka to July 10. Delhi reported a death on July 22. Manipur reported 4 deaths to August 10. Madhya Pradesh reported 37 cases with 14 fatalities to August 11. Telangana reported a fatality on Aug 14. Maharashtra reported 3 cases of AES, 1 fatal in the Week 28 IDSP report and another on Dec 4th. Chhattisgarh has reported 14 deaths to Nov 1st.

Putting all of this together, confirmed fatalities now total to 1,365.

[Ronan Kelly]

Updated figures for 2016

http://nvbdcp.gov.in/Doc/je-aes-cd-28Feb17.pdf

Ro' Comments: We have reports in this thread of 154 confirmed encephalitis deaths in Odisha to December 8th. Two fatalities were reported in Karnataka to July 10. Delhi reported a death on July 22. Manipur reported 4 deaths to August 10. Madhya Pradesh reported 37 cases with 14 fatalities to August 11. Telangana reported a fatality on Aug 14. Maharashtra reported 3 cases of AES, 1 fatal in the Week 28 IDSP report and another on Dec 4th. Chhattisgarh has reported 14 deaths to Nov 1st.

Putting all of this together, confirmed fatalities now total to 1,376.

[Ronan Kelly]

Now, encephalitis No.1 killer in Odisha

Sunday, 16 July 2017 | SANJEEV KUMAR PATRO | BHUBANESWAR | in Bhubaneswar



An exigency health alert stares at Odisha. Encephalitis, including Acute and Japanese, has emerged the number one killer in State in year 2016, eclipsing even pneumonia which was number 1 killer in 2015.

Though Malaria is still griping the State with epidemic proportion with a whopping 4.5 lakh or approximately 1 per cent of population having been tested with malaria positive in 2016 vis-?-vis around 4.4 lakh in 2015, in fatalities, it is encephalitis that ruled the mortality chart in the State last year.

According to the latest data available with State Health Directorate, a high of around 337 deaths last year in the State were attributed to encephalitis. When Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) accounts for 115 fatalities in 2016, Japanese Encephalitis (JE) took burden of 42 deaths and another 180 fatalities were due to encephalitis.
...

https://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions//now-encephalitis-no1-killer-in-odisha.html

Comment: Interesting that the majority of encephalitis cases do not get counted by the NVBDCP. Of note in this article, the cases of AES, JE and E are all getting added together to come up with the final total. - Ro

[Ronan Kelly]

Follow up to the Malkangiri outbreak - Many of the children have been found to have suffered from hepatomyoencephalopathy caused by a toxin in Cassia occidentalis. A similar finding in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh 10 years ago cut the number of fatal cases significantly. - Ro

Hepatomyoencephalopathy in Malkangiri district of Odisha, India

Current Science
Volume 113 - Issue 12 : 25 December 2017
...
Malkangiri district has no litchi cultivation
and so litchi-associated hypoglycaemic
encephalopathy was ruled out.
On the other hand, Cassia occidentalis
grows luxuriantly, and we found that
children have easy access to the plants
and the pods with beans (Figure 1). Suspecting
hepatomyoencephalopathy as the
non-JE disease, we investigated blood
sera of 15 children; all showed markedly
elevated levels of liver and muscle enzymes
(Table 1). In 8 of the 15 cases,
blood sugar was tested and the results
showed hypoglycaemia, ranging from 11
to 61 mg/dl. Hypoglycaemia was a feature
in hepatomyoencephalopathy cases
in western UP3?5
.
Since history of children eating the
fresh raw beans prior to illness could not
be ascertained with certainty, we resorted
to testing urine samples of four children
with hepatomyoencephalopathy for the
presence of anthraquinone derivative(s),
and all samples gave positive results.
Figure 2 displays the liquid chromatography?mass
spectra (LC?MS) of representative
sample of urine showing the
presence emodin, an anthraquinone. Detailed
analysis of anthraquinone derivatives
in blood sera and urine samples of
additional children with hepatomyoencephalopathy
is under progress.

In summary, we report the occurrence
of hepatomyoencephalopathy in Malkangiri
district, a second geographic location
other than western UP. Prevention is
fairly easy, by way of public education to
stop children form eating fresh raw beans
of the plant. In western UP the disease
has virtually disappeared as a result of
proper health education11
. We hope similar
efforts are undertaken in Malkangiri
district for eradication of the disease.

http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/113/12/2245.pdf

[Ronan Kelly]

And another happy follow-up on the situation in Malkangiri showing that investigation followed by appropriate measures can save lives. - Ro


AES prevention: Odisha shows the way
Sib Kumar Das BERHAMPUR , JUNE 23, 2019 01:20 IST
UPDATED: JUNE 23, 2019 01:20 IST

No deaths due to the disease have been reported in Malkangiri since 2017
As Bihar struggles to contain the outbreak of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome, which has claimed the lives of 127 children so far, Odisha seems to have learnt its lesson following AES deaths in Malkangiri in 2016.

Timely precautionary measures by the State government have ensured no child has died due Japanese Encephalitis and AES in Malkangiri since 2017.
...
?A major preventive measure against AES is regular clearing of bushes of Cassia occidentalis plants and motivating tribals not to let their children eat beans of the plant,? said Dr. Ajit Kumar Mohanty, chief district medical officer, Malkangiri.

With the aid of village committees and health workers, tribals living in remote areas became aware of the dangers of consuming Cassia occidentalis and started taking precautions, the CDMO said.

Vaccination drive
Vaccination is a major weapon against AES. In December 2016, a 15-day-long mass vaccination programme against JE and AES was initiated in Malkangiri with the inoculation of over 2,18,000 children up to the age of five.
...

https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/aes-prevention-odisha-shows-the-way/article28113031.ece