Kyasanur Forest Disease 2014-2020

[Ronan Kelly]

MH/SIN/2017/6/0160 Maharashtra Sindhudurg Kyasanur
Forest Disease
20 01 19-01-17 Under
Surveillance
Cases reported from Village Banda Sawantwadi, SC Banda No.
1, PHC Banda Tal Sawantwadi. District RRT investigated the
outbreak. House to house survey done. All 19 samples tested
positive for KFD By RTPCR at Manipal lab, Sindhudurg; All
cases treated symptomatically. Health education given.
Deceased was 67 year old male.
From Week 6 IDSP Outbreak report: http://idsp.nic.in/WriteReadData/l89...1489753657.pdf

[Ronan Kelly]

Maharashtra/Goa

Safety measures intensified in Goa following monkey fever scare
Prakash Kamat APRIL 06, 2017 00:37 IST
UPDATED: APRIL 06, 2017 00:37 IST
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Panaji: The Goa Health Services have intensified fever surveillance and other precautionary measures in areas near North Goa?s border, adjacent to Maharashtra?s Sindhudurg district, following rise in deaths due to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) or monkey fever, particularly in Banda town of the district.

Dr. Utkarsha Betkikar, an Epidermiologist with Goa Health Services, said nine deaths have been reported in Sindhudurg as of now. On Monday evening, he said some KFD cases from Banda, which is adjacent to Pernem (North Goa border), had been admitted at the State-owned Goa Medical College (GMC) Hospital in Bambolim for treatment.
...
Health service authorities said [Goa] has not recorded any deaths due to KDF since last year.

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/safety-measures-intensified-in-goa-following-monkey-fever-scare/article17835028.ece

[Ronan Kelly]

...

http://www.navhindtimes.in/kfd-spreads-to-savoi-verem-one-positive-case-detected/

[Ronan Kelly]

73 Kyasanur Forest Disease cases detected in Goa since January

TNN | Updated: Apr 18, 2017, 12.49 PM IST

PANAJI: Cases of Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), also called monkey fever, are on the rise in the state even as the directorate of health services commenced its second round of vaccination in affected areas. Since January, 73 cases of KFD have been detected, including one each at Patradevi in Pernem taluka and Savoi Verem in Ponda taluka.
State epidemiologist Dr Utkarsh Betodakar said that at Patradevi, though three were hospitalized, one tested positive for monkey fever.
...

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/73-kfd-cases-detected-in-goa-since-jan/articleshow/58231025.cms

[Ronan Kelly]

...

http://www.navhindtimes.in/monkey-fever-claims-first-victim-in-state-this-year/

[Ronan Kelly]

Goa doctors not sure of second monkey fever death
Prakash Kamat MAY 14, 2017 00:06 IST
UPDATED: MAY 14, 2017 00:06 IST

PANAJI: The Goa Health Service authorities are unsure if the recent death of one Appa Gawas, 60, of Valpoi, North Goa was due to monkey fever or Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD).

According to family sources, Mr. Gawas died on April 29 of KFD. However, Dr. Utkarsh Betodkar, epidemiologist of Goa Health Services monitoring KFD-related issues told The Hindu on Saturday that according to medical papers of the patient, he was admitted for KFD fever around a month before his death at the Goa Medical College hospital and was discharged after he recovered.

However, he was referred to GMC on April 22 and detected to have developed multiple medical problems, including high diabetes, and respiratory problems. What was shocking according to Dr. Betodkar was that he was discharged from the hospital after April 24 against medical advice. Therefore, Dr. Betodkar said there was no evidence to record his KFD as cause of death.
...

http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/goa-doctors-not-sure-of-second-monkey-fever-death/article18449592.ece

[Ronan Kelly]

After swine flu, monkey fever grips Maharashtra, 11 dead; don?t ignore that fever and headache
The fever is mainly restricted in only two talukas in Maharashtra where humans visit the forest area for their livelihood, and get infected through tick bites.

MUMBAI Updated: May 17, 2017 11:43 IST
Sadaguru Pandit

Hindustan Times

After swine flu, another zoonotic disease (one that can be transmitted from animals to people) called monkey fever has caused more than 11 deaths and left 200 people in a critical medical condition in the state. Officials from Sindhudurg district, where Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) ? a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever that is endemic ? have demanded an expert committee from Delhi to recommend better solutions for treatment and care.

Identified in the Kyasanur forest of Karnataka, the fever spreads primarily through monkeys to humans by the bite of an infected tick and through contact with a sick or dead monkey. ?The monkeys, migrating from Karnataka, are carrying the infected ticks in the border districts of Goa and Maharashtra,? said Vinayak Raut, Member of Parliament from Sindhudurg-Ratnagiri region.
...
[Dr Tushar Chiplunkar, deputy DHO from Dodamarg] said this year, the toll has increased to 11. Also, the number of those infected in the state has risen to 187 compared to 128 last year. ?Last year, we had sent the samples to the National Institute of Virology, but this year we are coordinating with the Manipal University of Virology in Karnataka because they had originally diagnosed the virus and have studied it in detail,? said Chiplunkar.
...

http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/after-swine-flu-monkey-fever-grips-maharashtra-11-dead-don-t-ignore-that-fever-and-headache/story-v67lcmzBMnR7I0e2RD0PuN.html

[Ronan Kelly]

Published Date: 2017-06-06 14:29:56
Subject: PRO/SOAS> Kyasanur forest disease - India (11): (Maharashtra) update
Archive Number: 20170606.5087702
KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE - INDIA (11): (MAHARASHTRA) UPDATE
************************************************** ********
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Mon 5 Jun 2017 11.19 PM IST
Source: Times of India, Times News Network (TNN) [edited]

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/navi-mumbai/200-monkey-fever-cases-detected-in-sdurg-since-oct-2016/articleshow/58990132.cms

As many as 200 people have been found to be infected with monkey fever (Kyasanur forest disease) in 4 talukas [sub districts] of Sindhudurg district [Maharashtra] since October 2016. So far, 12 deaths have been confirmed.

However, some sources from the medical field claim that over 20 deaths have taken place and 321 people have been infected with monkey fever.

The fever has been reported at Dodamarg, Sawantwadi, Kudal and Kanakvali talukas. The fever was 1st reported in 2016. The district had sought help from doctors in Simoga and Manipal in Karnataka to tackle the problem.

Sindhudurg district malaria officer Ashwini Jangam said, "Samples taken from persons who have succumbed after getting infected with the fever have been sent to the National Institute of Virology in Pune to confirm the virus. The transmission of this disease is rampant through tick worm found on monkeys. We have started dusting malaphion 50m on both sides of the forest roads. Domestic animals are also being checked."

The team of Manipal doctors have set up a lab that can help in detecting the virus. The officials are also conducting programmes to make people aware of the virus.

"Around 200 locals were reported to be suffering from monkey fever. Out of these, 12 persons have died of the disease. A team of Manipal doctors are collecting sample of the virus," Jangam said.

A resident from Sindhudurg Sagar Chavan, who has been organizing awareness drives on this issue, said, "We have got figures of at least 20 persons who have died due to monkey fever. As many as 321 have been infected by it. Many monkeys were also found dead which lead to the spread of the virus. Monkey habitats like cashew and coconut gardens are a major threat to the spread of the fever." Another local from Banda Mangal Kamat said, "The Manipal team has collected samples from various areas in Banda. 9 deaths were reported in Satmatwadi and 2 more from nearby areas."

"Around 200 locals were reported to be suffering from monkey fever. Out of these, 12 persons have died of the disease. Initially, a team of doctors from Simoga, Karnataka had guided us given their 40 years of experience. A team of Manipal doctors are collecting sample of the virus.

[Byline: Umesh K Paridal]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-SoAs


[Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD), popularly known as monkey fever, is caused by the Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV), a member of the genus _Flavivirus_ belonging to the family _Flaviviridae_. The KFDV was 1st isolated from sick monkeys captured in Kyasanur Forest, Shimoga district, Karnataka state; hence its name.

The KFD virus (KFDV) is maintained by ticks, mammals, and bird cycles. The black-faced langur (_Presbytis entellus_) and the red-faced bonnet monkey (_Macaca radiata_) act as sentinel animals, as they are very susceptible to KFDV, as humans are https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545326/

As per the media report above, 12 deaths and 200 cases of Kyasanur forest Disease have been reported in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra since october 2016. There is a need to create awareness on how to avoid tick bites and KFD vaccination facilities should be available in the affected areas. KFD typically occurs during the dry season from November through May, which correlates with increased activity of the nymphs of ticks. Exposure to adult ticks and nymphs in rural or outdoor settings increases the risk of infection; herders, forest workers, farmers, and hunters are particularly at increased risk of contracting the disease. Vaccination and personal protective measures against tick bites are keys to prevent KFD.

The National Institute of Virology, Pune, has developed an inactivated chick embryo tissue culture vaccine against KFD http://www.icmr.nic.in/pinstitute/ni...%20DISEASE.pdf

Sindhudurg is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India, which was carved out of the erstwhile Ratnagiri District https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhudurg_district. - Mod.GS


A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/14797.]
http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php...170606.5087702

[Ronan Kelly]

Published Date: 2017-07-15 11:28:50
Subject: PRO/SOAS> Kyasanur Forest disease - India (13): (Maharashtra) update
Archive Number: 20170715.5176801
KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE - INDIA (13): (MAHARASHTRA) UPDATE
************************************************** ********
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Fri 14 Jul 2017
Source: Times of India [edited]

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/monkey-fever-spreads-to-new-areas-12-people-lose-lives-in-state-till-june/articleshow/59585794.cms

Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD), or monkey fever, has spread to newer areas in the state. The virus, which was 1st reported from a village in Maharashtra's Sindhudurg district in January last year [2016], has now spread to over 60 villages. It has infected 331 people and killed 19 in Dodamarg and Sawantwadi this year [2017], so far.

This has put health officials on their toes, prompting them to intensify their fever surveillance activity in the surrounding areas and initiating inter-department measures to contain the disease's spread.

"The cases have gone down from June 2017 onwards, as the transmission phase of the virus is over. It will begin again from November 2017 onwards. We aim to vaccinate a maximum of people at risk to protect them against the infection. Currently, fever surveillance, tick-control measures, and awareness activity are on through inter-department coordination of health, forest and animal husbandry departments," state surveillance officer Pradip Awate told TOI.

The virus activity that was limited to Dodamarg taluka of Sindhudurg district till last year [2016] has spread to villages in Sawantwadi from January this year [2017]. "Monkeys keep moving from place to place. Their activity is not in our control. That's precisely the reason for the spread," district health officer Yogesh Sale said.

The collective population of Dodamarg and Sawantwadi, which is at risk of contracting the infection, is about 67 705. "These are the people who will be vaccinated during the 3-month vaccination drive that will start from September 2017. Vaccination during an active case-finding period is not recommended by the experts," Sale added.

Some novel approaches are being used for surveillance activity. "We have announced a cash prize for anyone who reports monkey deaths to us. This helps us to initiate tick-control measures speedily," Sale said.

He added that a monkey's death by infection often indicates that humans are at risk. Hence, we conduct insecticide dusting within a 50-meter radius of any spot where a monkey dies.

[Byline: Umesh Isalkar]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail


[KFD is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to South Asia. KFD virus belongs to the family Flaviviraidae, which also includes yellow fever and dengue fever. KFDV was identified in 1957 when it was isolated from a sick monkey from the Kyasanur Forest in Karnataka (formerly Mysore) state, India. Since then, between 400-500 human cases per year have been reported.

Hard ticks (_Hemaphysalis spinigera_) are the reservoir of KFD virus and, once infected, remain so for life. Rodents, shrews, and monkeys are common hosts for KFDV after being bitten by an infected tick. KFDV can cause epizootics with high fatalities in primates https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/kyasanur/index.html.

Initially, the disease was limited to 3 taluks (Sagar, Shikaripur and Sorab) of the Shimoga district of Karnataka in India. In subsequent years, the disease spread to new districts and new states in India, including other districts in Karnataka, Kerala State Tamilnadu and Goa States.

Evidence of KFD virus or related viruses was found in different parts of India (parts of the Saurashtra region in Gujarat State, forested regions west of Kolkata, West Bengal State, and the Andaman Islands) during serological studies.

The increase in the number of new foci and cases indicates that eco-biological changes due to deforestation and use of new land for farming and cattle grazing could lead to spread of KFD virus to newer geographical areas. Viruses related to KFDV have been identified in China and Saudi Arabia.

The disease should be differentiated from other diseases such as influenza, typhoid, dengue, malaria, leptospirosis, and the rickettsial group of fevers. For diagnosis, real-time RT-PCR can be performed from blood/serum of humans, blood and viscera of infected monkeys, or tissues of ticks. Real-time RT-PCR can detect the virus in human samples after onset of febrile illness up to the 10th day of illness.

KFDV can be isolated from the blood of patients (in acute phase, 2-5 days from symptom onset), positive tick pools, or the blood or viscera of monkeys by inoculation into animal or culture. KFD anti-IgM antibodies can be detected using ELISA during the acute phase (4 days onward) of illness. KFD anti-IgG antibodies (ELISA) can be used for sero-surveillance of a human population to understand their exposure to KFDV in other areas.

Prevention of KFD includes vaccination, personal protection, and control of ticks in KFD-endemic areas. A killed vaccine exists for KFD and is used in endemic areas in India. Additional preventive measures include insect repellents and wearing protective clothing (wear light coloured clothing with a long-sleeved shirt tucked into pants and long-legged pants tucked into socks and gum boots) while going to KFD-endemic forest areas. People should examine their bodies at the end of each day for ticks, and remove them promptly. Sitting or lying down on the ground should be discouraged by providing health education to villagers and tourists in KFD endemic areas. The use of spray insecticides has been recommended in a 50-meter radius around a dead monkey http://www.searo.who.int/publications/. - Mod.UBA

A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/61179.]

http://www.promedmail.org/direct.php?id=20170715.5176801

[Ronan Kelly]

Karnataka
Tirthahalli under the grip of monkey fever again
STAFF REPORTER SHIVAMOGGA, DECEMBER 25, 2017 00:00 IST
UPDATED: DECEMBER 25, 2017 04:57 IST

5 positive cases, including a death, reported during last week
Tirthahalli taluk has come under the grip of Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), also known as monkey fever, again after five positive cases, including one death, have been reported in the past one week.

Shyamala, 47, a resident of Ghantejanagallu village who complained of high fever, headache, joint pain, was admitted to J.C. Government Hospital on December 16.

The samples of her blood were sent to a laboratory in Manipal, where it was confirmed that she had KFD.

Later, she was shifted to the Government McGann Hospital in Shivamogga and was discharged from the hospital. On Friday, her condition deteriorated at her house and she died.
...

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/tirthahalli-under-the-grip-of-monkey-fever-again/article22272598.ece

[Ronan Kelly]

Goa Three KFD cases detected in as many weeks in Sattari
Posted by: nt January 3, 2018 in Goa News



VALPOI: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), commonly known as monkey fever, has returned to haunt people of Sattari with detection of three cases at the Manipal Centre for Virus Research based at Valpoi community health centre in the last three weeks.

Monkey fever has haunted the villagers of Sattari taluka in the last three years.

When contacted, CHC health official Dr Gajanan Naik confirmed that three female patients from Sattari were tested positive and all have recovered after treatment at Valpoi CHC and have been discharged.
...

http://www.navhindtimes.in/three-kfd-cases-detected-in-as-many-weeks-in-sattari/

[Ronan Kelly]

KARNATAKA
KFD: Two more test positive
STAFF REPORTER SHIVAMOGGA, JANUARY 16, 2018 00:00 IST
UPDATED: JANUARY 16, 2018 04:09 IST

With this the total number of positive cases rises to seven
The Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), also known as monkey fever, has shown no signs of abatement in Tirthahalli taluk with two persons testing positive for the infection here in the past one week. With this, the total number of persons tested positive Tirthahalli taluk in the past two months has risen to seven.

A 47-year-old woman, who tested positive for KFD, also died during this period.

KFD is a tick-borne viral infection that spreads from monkeys to humans through tick bite. Its symptoms include high fever, pain in joints, bleeding in nose and gums.
...

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/kfd-two-more-test-positive/article22446497.ece

[Ronan Kelly]

Goa
January witnessed 12 KFD cases, all in Sattari taluka
Bindiya Chari | TNN | Updated: Feb 21, 2018, 13:08 IST

PANAJI: In the month of January, 12 cases of Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) were reported from Sattari, which were restricted to the village of Karmali Badhrukh. While no fresh cases have been reported from other talukas, the directorate of health services (DHS) is expecting a marginal rise in numbers during March-April when people will regularly visit cashew orchards.
...

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/january-witnessed-12-kfd-cases-all-in-sattari-taluka/articleshow/63004713.cms

[Ronan Kelly]

Monkey Fever Grips Goa's Sattari Taluka, 35 People Infected
Written By Press Trust Of India | Mumbai | Published: March 11, 2018 14:41 IST
Hack:
At least 35 people in Goa have tested positive this year for the Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), or the 'monkey fever', a health official said
All the 35 people, who have tested positive for the monkey fever this year, are also from the Sattari taluka and have been provided treatment for the viral infection, an official said
KFD, referred to as Makad Taap in local language, is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to South Asia. The virus is transmitted to human beings through parasitic ticks which latch on to monkeys
...

http://www.republicworld.com/india-news/city-news/monkey-fever-grips-goas-sattari-taluka-35-people-infected

[Ronan Kelly]

MH/SIN/2018/06/0173 Maharashtra
Sindhudurg
(Kudal)
Kyasanur
Forest Disease
05 00 15-01-18 Under
Surveillance
Cases reported from Village Panturli, SC Kudase, PHC Talkat,
Taluk Dodamarg. District RRT investigated the outbreak.
House to house fever survey done. 09 samples collected for
Malaria at PHC Talkat were negative for malaria and positive
for KFD. Rapid fever survey and use of Larvicides for Tick
control was done. All cases treated locally. Source reduction
activities undertaken. Health education given

http://idsp.nic.in/WriteReadData/l892s/062018.pdf