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Expert: George Fu Gao - H7N9 virus has an ability to bind to human cells in the upper respiratory tract making human to human transmission more possible

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  • Expert: George Fu Gao - H7N9 virus has an ability to bind to human cells in the upper respiratory tract making human to human transmission more possible




    H7N9 Has mutated, may spread from human to human: expert

    2014/01/11 18:34:41

    Shanghai, Jan. 11 (CNA) Chinese researchers have discovered mutations in the new strain of avian influenza A, known as H7N9, and have found that the virus has the ability to spread from human to human, the latest issue of China's Southern Metropolis Weekly reported.

    George F. Gao, the vice-president of Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences under the Chinese Academy of Sciences and deputy director-general of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, told the Weekly that he and his research colleagues have broken down the mechanisms of transmission of the H5N1 and H7N9 avian flu viruses.

    The research team pointed out in a study published in Science magazine in September last year that they have identified mutations in four key sites of amino acids of the H7N9 strain and found that the virus has an ability to bind to human cells in the upper respiratory tract.


    Although the H7N9 and H5N1 viruses have not had the ability to widely spread from human to human, after undergoing genetic mutations and redistribution through mutations, they become better able to bind to human cells in the upper respiratory tract and can evolve into bird flu strains with the ability to transmit among humans, the team says.

    In nature, H7N9 is an avian flu virus, but it tends to bind to poultry cells in the lower respiratory tract, Gao said.

    He added that although the H7N9 virus can invade cells in the human upper respiratory tract, it only has a limited ability to transmit among humans.

    This winter, China reported several human cases of H7N9 bird flu, with two new cases reported Friday in eastern China's Zhejiang Province and one death in Fujian Province.

    The report said that H5N1 and H7N9 have been two of the the most lethal avian influenza viruses for humans in recent years. Since the first case of human influenza A H5N1 was reported in 1997 in Hong Kong, the virus has affected more than 60 countries around the world, with a fatality rate of 60 percent.

    After a number of human infections of the H7N9 virus have been reported in eastern China, mostly in the Yangtze River Delta region in late February 2013, more than 140 human infections of H7N9 have been reported in 12 provinces and cities in China, including 46 deaths, according to the report.

    Gao said that closing live poultry markets, adopting more intensive livestock farming practices and using the mass slaughter of live poultry are good measures to control the spread of the H7N9 epidemic.

    The Shanghai City government has announced it will shut down live poultry markets from the Lunar New Year holiday (Jan. 31) until April 30. (Cheng Chung-sheng and Y.L. Kao) http://focustaiwan.tw/news/acs/201401110017.aspx
    Last edited by sharon sanders; January 11, 2014, 09:07 AM. Reason: format
    CSI:WORLD http://swineflumagazine.blogspot.com/

    treyfish2004@yahoo.com

  • #2
    Re: Expert: George Fu Gao - H7N9 virus has an ability to bind to human cells in the upper respiratory tract making human to human transmission more possible

    Most recent paper's contribution of Gao GF in our scientific library archive:


    1. Source: Science, full page: LINK - Abstract on FluTrackers.com: LINK
      • Structures and Receptor Binding of Hemagglutinins from Human-Infecting H7N9 Influenza Viruses.
        • Yi Shi, Wei Zhang, Fei Wang, Jianxun Qi, Ying Wu, Hao Song, Feng Gao, Yuhai Bi, Yanfang Zhang, Zheng Fan, Chengfeng Qin, Honglei Sun, Jinhua Liu, Joel Haywood, Wenjun Liu, Weimin Gong, Dayan Wang, Yuelong Shu, Yu Wang, Jinghua Yan, George F. Gao.
        • Science
        • DOI: 10.1126/science.1242917

    2. Source: US National Library of Medicine, full page: LINK - Abstract on FluTrackers.com: LINK
      • Sequential Reassortments Underlie Diverse Influenza H7N9 Genotypes in China.
        • Wu A, Su C, Wang D, Peng Y, Liu M, Hua S, Li T, Gao GF, Tang H, Chen J, Liu X, Shu Y, Peng D, Jiang T.
        • Cell Host Microbe. 2013 Sep 17. pii: S1931-3128(13)00298-9.
        • doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.09.001. [Epub ahead of print]
        • PMID: 24055604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

    3. Source: Cell Research, full page: LINK - Abstract on FluTrackers.com: LINK
      • Characterization of two distinct neuraminidases from avian-origin human-infecting H7N9 influenza viruses.
        • Yan Wu, Yuhai Bi, Christopher J Vavricka, Xiaoman Sun, Yanfang Zhang, Feng Gao, Min Zhao, Haixia Xiao, Chengfeng Qin, Jianhua He, Wenjun Liu, Jinghua Yan, Jianxun Qi and George F Gao.
        • Cell Research, advance online publication 29 October 2013
        • doi: 10.1038/cr.2013.144

    4. Source: Journal of Virology, full page: LINK
      • Coexistence of influenza H7N9 and H9N2 in poultry linked to human H7N9 infection and their genome characteristics.
        • Xinfen Yu, Tao Jin, Yujun Cui, Xiaoying Pu, Jun Li, Jin Xu, Guang Liu, Huijue Jia, Dan Liu, Shili Song, Yang Yu, Li Xie, Renjie Huang, Hua Ding, Yu Kou, Yinyan Zhou, Yayu Wang, Xun Xu, Ye Yin, Jian Wang, Chenyi Guo, Xianwei Yang, Liangping Hu, Xiaopeng Wu, Hailong Wang, Jun Liu, Guoqiu Zhao, Jiyong Zhou, Jingcao Pan, George F Gao, Ruifu Yang, Jun Wang.
        • Published ahead of print 8 January 2014
        • doi: 10.1128/JVI.02059-13 JVI.02059-13

    -
    ------

    Comment


    • #3
      Re: Expert: George Fu Gao - H7N9 virus has an ability to bind to human cells in the upper respiratory tract making human to human transmission more possible

      Source: http://www.benzinga.com/news/14/01/4...tted-avian-flu

      EXCLUSIVE: No Imminent Widespread Outbreak of Human-to-Human Transmitted Avian Flu Expected
      Charles Gross, Benzinga Staff Writer
      January 12, 2014 6:48 PM

      Professor George Fu Gao, who is Director of the CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told Benzinga Sunday that no widespread human-to-human outbreak of the Avian flu viruses is likely in the near future.
      A mutated strain of the H7N9 avian influenza A, does have the ability to spread from human to human, according to a report in Southern Metropolis Weekly via WantChinaTimes...

      Comment


      • #4
        Re: Expert: George Fu Gao - H7N9 virus has an ability to bind to human cells in the upper respiratory tract making human to human transmission more possible

        Virological studies are pivotal in understanding novel influenza viruses ecology, spread, pathology in human hosts and other critical issues.

        That said, epidemiological surveillance is essential in order to confirm or exclude sustained human-to-human transmission, demographics and most susceptible groups, and other data useful in pandemic preparedness and alertness planning.

        Since scientific knowledge of genetic determinants of virulence, transmissibility is not perfect, epidemiological work on field remains of great importance to inform public health authorities and governments decision on implementation of social distancing measures, manufacturing of vaccines, and drugs allocation, for example.

        gm

        Comment


        • #5
          Re: Expert: George Fu Gao - H7N9 virus has an ability to bind to human cells in the upper respiratory tract making human to human transmission more possible

          Translation google

          H7N9: has mutated, there is a risk

          Ocean News Time: 2014-01-15 Source: old newspaper

          H5N1 and H7N9 are the greatest threat to mankind in recent years, two bird flu virus, whether government officials, scientists and the general public, are anxious to clarify two issues, human to human transmission of bird flu will not? When will avian flu from person to person?
            
          In this rush hour, vice president of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing life science research, researcher, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control deputy 任高福, led his research team, from the molecular level, to decipher the most worrying Two bird flu virus H5N1 and H7N9 cross-species transmission mechanism.
            
          Find key mutations
            
          Under normal circumstances, the avian flu virus is not easy to go deep into the lower respiratory tract of people, but only when the virus reaches a certain amount, be possible to reach the lower respiratory tract, causing serious lung infection, which is the low incidence of avian influenza virus, and death reasons for such a high rate.
            
          Although H7N9 and H5N1 virus has not yet been widely from person to person capacity, once the virus through mutation or reassortment, gained the ability to combine the preferences of the human respiratory tract cells, it is likely to evolve in the human-human transmission of bird flu virus.
            
          With H5N1, for example, it's scary is that, once it has mutated, not only will get the ability to combine with the human respiratory tract, its preference will change occurs, it becomes easy to infect human cells, which means It can be person to person. Unfortunately, the existing level of science, humans can not predict what will happen temporal variability, resulting in a high mortality rate of this virus can be person to person.
            
          Soon, the research team of high-Fu H7N9 has also been discovered: they at September 5, 2013 published in the journal "Science" says that some strains of H7N9 epidemic has occurred in four key amino acid sites mutation, and gained the ability to bind human airway cells.
            
          However, H7N9 is still essentially an avian influenza virus, because it is more like the same with owners and poultry lower respiratory cell receptor binding. This means, H7N9 although can invade the human respiratory tract cells, but only have a limited ability to interpersonal communication, also known as "limited human-to-human transmission."
            
          "Box" is still
            
          Since April 2013, H7N9 in Shanghai as the center of a circle to spread around, each to a new area, H7N9 in chickens in both local reassortant H9N2 virus occurred inside the gene replacement, which is "recruited from the local players. " By genotype molecular data, one can infer the spread of avian influenza through poultry transport path, and then combined with the reality of the situation, you can monitor the transport of live poultry that regional early warning.
            
          It seems that in the high-fu, live bird markets closed, intensive farming, slaughter and culling sick birds concentrate is the best policy. But in a complex situation in China, the best policy would not necessarily be used. After the H7N9 outbreak, Shanghai had a short time to close the live bird markets, and subsequently reopened, "Chinese people are used to eating live birds, such cultural practices can not be changed overnight, they can take it, it takes time."
            
          For the current H5N1 virus, China's prevention and control measures for poultry vaccination, is also a controversial control measures, "under pressure vaccine virus may mutate, the ideal state or culling, but considering the economic cost of culling, the vaccine is a helpless choice in complex situations, "Gao Fu said," We do not know, 'Pandora' s Box when it will be opened, which will fly out what we can do, After it is open, close it as soon as possible. "
            
          (Shi Yue Xu West)

          zhttp://lrb.dayoo.com/html/2014-01/15/content_2515552.htm
          "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
          -Nelson Mandela

          Comment


          • #6
            Re: Expert: George Fu Gao - H7N9 virus has an ability to bind to human cells in the upper respiratory tract making human to human transmission more possible

            Originally posted by Pathfinder View Post
            Translation google

            H7N9: has mutated, there is a risk

            Ocean News Time: 2014-01-15 Source: old newspaper

            H5N1 and H7N9 are the greatest threat to mankind in recent years, two bird flu virus, whether government officials, scientists and the general public, are anxious to clarify two issues, human to human transmission of bird flu will not? When will avian flu from person to person?
              
            In this rush hour, vice president of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing life science research, researcher, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control deputy 任高福, led his research team, from the molecular level, to decipher the most worrying Two bird flu virus H5N1 and H7N9 cross-species transmission mechanism.
              
            Find key mutations
              
            Under normal circumstances, the avian flu virus is not easy to go deep into the lower respiratory tract of people, but only when the virus reaches a certain amount, be possible to reach the lower respiratory tract, causing serious lung infection, which is the low incidence of avian influenza virus, and death reasons for such a high rate.
              
            Although H7N9 and H5N1 virus has not yet been widely from person to person capacity, once the virus through mutation or reassortment, gained the ability to combine the preferences of the human respiratory tract cells, it is likely to evolve in the human-human transmission of bird flu virus.
              
            With H5N1, for example, it's scary is that, once it has mutated, not only will get the ability to combine with the human respiratory tract, its preference will change occurs, it becomes easy to infect human cells, which means It can be person to person. Unfortunately, the existing level of science, humans can not predict what will happen temporal variability, resulting in a high mortality rate of this virus can be person to person.
              
            Soon, the research team of high-Fu H7N9 has also been discovered: they at September 5, 2013 published in the journal "Science" says that some strains of H7N9 epidemic has occurred in four key amino acid sites mutation, and gained the ability to bind human airway cells.
              
            However, H7N9 is still essentially an avian influenza virus, because it is more like the same with owners and poultry lower respiratory cell receptor binding. This means, H7N9 although can invade the human respiratory tract cells, but only have a limited ability to interpersonal communication, also known as "limited human-to-human transmission."
              
            "Box" is still
              
            Since April 2013, H7N9 in Shanghai as the center of a circle to spread around, each to a new area, H7N9 in chickens in both local reassortant H9N2 virus occurred inside the gene replacement, which is "recruited from the local players. " By genotype molecular data, one can infer the spread of avian influenza through poultry transport path, and then combined with the reality of the situation, you can monitor the transport of live poultry that regional early warning.
              
            It seems that in the high-fu, live bird markets closed, intensive farming, slaughter and culling sick birds concentrate is the best policy. But in a complex situation in China, the best policy would not necessarily be used. After the H7N9 outbreak, Shanghai had a short time to close the live bird markets, and subsequently reopened, "Chinese people are used to eating live birds, such cultural practices can not be changed overnight, they can take it, it takes time."
              
            For the current H5N1 virus, China's prevention and control measures for poultry vaccination, is also a controversial control measures, "under pressure vaccine virus may mutate, the ideal state or culling, but considering the economic cost of culling, the vaccine is a helpless choice in complex situations, "Gao Fu said," We do not know, 'Pandora' s Box when it will be opened, which will fly out what we can do, After it is open, close it as soon as possible. "
              
            (Shi Yue Xu West)

            zhttp://lrb.dayoo.com/html/2014-01/15/content_2515552.htm
            Detailed Emergent H7N9 Genetics
            Profiled
            from
            Index Human Case
            to
            Most Recent Deposit
            • China - H7N9 Human Isolates on Deposit at GISAID [FT#202708]


            These press releases are remarkably void of information pertaining to the changes that are reported. If new sequences are available indicating additional polymorphisms beyond those comprehensively identified on the FT Analytics thread, the cases should be made available for review with full case clinicals.

            Comment

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