influenza in sparrows

[gsgs]

checking pubmed for influenza and sparrows:
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20954019

LPAIV H3N8
Oropharyngeal shedding was short lived, and was detected in more
starlings (97.2%) than sparrows (47.2%; n=36 of each).
Cloacal shedding was rare in both species (8.3%; n=36 of each)
and no cage-mate transmission occurred
50% of these individuals seroconverted by 5 d.p.i., and nearly
all birds (97%; n=35) seroconverted by 28 d.p.i.
In general, pre-existing homologous immunity led to reduced shedding
and increased antibody levels within 7 days of challenge
... passerines are not significant reservoirs
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2838142/?tool=pubmed

HP H5N1 A/duck/Laos/25/06
sparrows and chickens.
Inoculated birds shed virus at high titers from the oropharynx and cloaca, and infection was fatal.
Waterborne transmission from inoculated sparrows to contact chickens was absent,
while 25% of sparrows were infected via waterborne transmission from chickens.
The viral shedding and susceptibility to infection we observed in sparrows,
coupled with their presence in poultry houses, could facilitate virus spread
among poultry and wild birds in the face of an H5N1 influenza virus outbreak.
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A/tree sparrow/Jiangsu/1/08) genotype V A/Jiangsu/1/07 (H5N1),
genotype V : most of human fatal cases in China during 2005-2008
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19564491

A/whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05 (H5N1
house sparrows were highly susceptible
excreted virus via the oropharynx and cloaca for several days prior to the onset of clinical signs
pigeons were resistant duration of viral shedding was brief, and viral titers were low
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630752/?tool=pubmed

Influenza virus (H5N1) in live bird markets and food markets, Thailand.
only during the 3-month winter season (November?January
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756811

Rostow-region,2007:
RT-PCT revealed influenza virus A/H5 in 60% of pigeons and crows and in around
20% of starlings and 10% of tree sparrows
Fifteen viral strains from chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus),
Indian ducks (Cairina moschata), rooks (Corvus frugilegus),
rock pigeons (Columba livia), tree sparrows (Passer montanus),
common starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), and great white herons (Egretta alba) were isolated
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18217557

Sparrows were susceptible to severe infection; 66%-100% of birds died within 4-7 days. High levels of virus were detected from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and in organs of deceased sparrows. Inoculation of starlings caused no deaths, despite high levels of virus shedding evident in oropharyngeal swabs. Least susceptible were pigeons, which had no deaths and very low levels of virus in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. Transmission to contact birds did not occur frequently: only A/common magpie/Hong Kong/645/2006 virus was shown to transmit to 1 starling.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20411499

1330 oropharyngeal swabs collected from wild and domestic birds in Lebanon
190(14.3%) positive by RT-PCR
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16737105

Highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry (fowl plague); implications for human health].
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...2/?tool=pubmed ,2005
New genotype of avian influenza H5N1 viruses isolated from tree sparrows in China.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12627709 , 2003
A/chicken/Hong Kong/220/97
zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus),
house sparrows (Passer domesticus), European starlings (Sternus vulgaris),
and budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) after intranasal administration.
Zebra finches were the most severely affected of the five species,100% mortality
Significant morbidity and mortality in house finches and budgerigars.
house sparrows suffered only mild transient depression
Starlings demonstrated no clinical disease
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18679964 ,1990,Spain
Of 927 sera taken from poultry from 84 flocks, 33% proved seropositive
Notable high infection rates were found among Anatidae (43%),
flamingoes (43%) and sparrows (31%); the latter species may play an
important role in carrying the disease from its natural reservoirs to domestic farms
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3660587 , 1987 Australia
A/Starling/Victoria/5156/85
serological evidence of H7N7 virus infection was found in sparrows.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2420068 Ukraine,1985
A/sparrow/Ukraine/83
A/sparrow/Ukraine/83 was isolated from a member of synanthropic birds, a tree sparrow, near Kanev. This virus showed low pathogenicity and immunologic activity in experimental infection of sparrows and other birds. Sera from a number of avian and mammal species had antibodies to this virus which indicates that synanthropic and semi-synanthropic birds may be a connecting link in spread of influenza virus.
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[gsgs]

Re: influenza in sparrows

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3055662 , 1988
Isolation of avian influenza virus (AIV) has been reported from 12 orders and 88 species of free-living birds
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2912310/?tool=pubmed

Mapping the risk of avian influenza in wild birds in the US
13,046 cloacal samples collected from 225 bird species in 41 US states between 2005 and 2008
indicates that the average prevalence of influenza in passerines is greater than the prevalence in
8 other avian orders. Our regression model identifies the Great Plains and the Pacific Northwest
as high-risk areas for AIV. Highly significant predictors of AIV include the amount of harvested
cropland and the first day of the year when a county is snow free.
Conclusions
Although the prevalence of influenza in waterfowl has long been appreciated,
we show that 22 species of song birds and perching birds (order Passeriformes)
are influenza reservoirs in the contiguous US.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passerine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Perching_birds

[+] Antbirds (1 C, 6 P),[×] Antpittas (2 P),[×] Bushbirds (1 P)
[+] Flycatchers (2 C),[×] Leaftossers (1 P)M,[×] Manakins (1 P)
[×] Ovenbirds (1 P),[×] Pittas (1 P),[×] Reedhaunters (1 P)
[+] Songbirds (35 C, 1 P)S cont.,[×] Spinetails (2 P),[×] Tapaculos (1 P)
[×] Tityras (2 P),[×] Woodcreepers (2 P

[gsgs]

Re: influenza in sparrows

1-8 : A/tree sparrow/HK/864/2002(H5N1))
4,6,7,8 : A/sparrow/Phang-Nga/Thailand/CU-203/04(H5N1))
4,8 : A/sparrow/Thailand/Phitsanulok-01/2004(H5N1))
1-8 : A/tree sparrow/Henan/1/2004(H5N1))
1-8 : A/tree sparrow/Henan/2/2004(H5N1))
1-8 : A/tree sparrow/Henan/3/2004(H5N1))
1-8 : A/tree sparrow/Henan/4/2004(H5N1))
1-8 : A/tree sparrow/Rachaburi/VSMU-16-RBR/2005(H5N1))
4,6 : A/tree sparrow/Thailand/VSMU-12-KRI/2005(H5N1))
1-8 : A/tree sparrow/Thailand/VSMU-14-KRI/2005(H5N1))
1-8 : A/tree sparrow/Thailand/VSMU-16-RBR/2005(H5N1))
4,6 : A/sparrow/Guangxi/09/2005(H9N2))
4,6 : A/sparrow/Guangxi/11/2005(H9N2))
4 : A/house sparrow/Turkey/Ladik ist29/2006(H5N1))
4 : A/sparrow/Turkey/Bafra 1095/2006(H5N1))
4: A/sparrow/Turkey/Bafra 1096/2006(H5N1))
4,6 : A/sparrow/Guangxi/31/2006(H9N2))
7 : A/fox sparrow/Idaho/CTR-AIV10/2006)
7 : A/song sparrow/Washington/CTR-AIV29/2006)
4,6 : A/sparrow/Guangxi/47/2006(H9N2))
4,6 : A/sparrow/Guangxi/93/2006(H9N2))
4 : A/sparrow/Turkey/Merkez 495/2007(H5N1))
4,6 : A/sparrow/Guangxi/121/2007(H9N2))
1-8 : A/tree sparrow/Jiangsu/1/2008(H5N1))