while examining deaths from cold-spells
I found the London fogs from 1880,1873,1863
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
while examining deaths from cold-spells
I found the London fogs from 1880,1873,1863
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
Air Pollution and Health - Google Books
Holgate
google links are awful , use search engineAttached FilesLeave a comment:
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
update
(sorry, I had to correct the earlier version from about 1 hour ago)
see the (positive) effect of Christmas holiday in the 5-14 agegroupAttached FilesLeave a comment:
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
Emily, thanks for your link. It has a lot of good info.
I always wondered how the flu opened the door for bacteria; this from your quote explains it.
The interactions between influenza virus and bacteria have most thoroughly been established with streptococcus pneumoniae. As the viral neuraminidase cleaves sialic acid to release new viral particles from host cells, damage to the epithelial layer of the airways occurs, exposing binding sites necessary for adherence of the pneumococcus.Leave a comment:
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
I'm putting your chart here. What happened in 2000 that made Strep increase?
This is from your CDC link. Notice that same age group that we've discussed (5-24) has the lowest mortality. Look at how it increases beginning with the 25-34 group. Do we have that same link for staph so we can compare ages?
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
comparing strep and staph pneumonia deaths gives nothing
remarkable at first sight
ICD7:1959-1967 bacteria not distinguished
ICD8:1968-1978
ICD9:1979-1998
ICD10:1999-
specifications changed in 1979 and 1999, so changes in those years are
probably due to changes in reporting guidelines
Code:reported US-pneumonia-deaths 1999-2010 staph strep ratio --------------------- Jan 1407 1475 1.0483 Feb 1549 1155 .7455 Mar 1505 1105 .7342 Apr 1200 831 .6925 May 989 682 .6895 Jun 897 495 .5518 Jul 887 337 .3799 Aug 796 255 .3203 Sep 770 359 .4657 Oct 872 476 .5458 Nov 921 691 .7508 Dec 1176 1041 .8852streptococci and staphylococci also cause deaths from other diseases,Code:by 20 age5groups J13 J152 J154 ---------------- 71 75 157 12 14 24 * 39 17 16 30 17 25 54 17 41 56 30 77 74 66 158 128 99 272 196 159 325 277 223 375 417 227 452 518 227 360 636 243 349 843 199 395 1348 235 540 1878 311 612 2315 359 657 2171 382 413 1173 246 175 454 102
tabulated elsewhere. Septicaemia,meningitis,pharyngitis,tonsillitis
bronchitis,scalded skin,arthritis,
ICD9 had a large group 481 with 52635 deaths from "pneumococcal pneumonia"
ICD-9-CM 481 converts approximately to:
?2014 ICD-10-CM J13 Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae
or:
?2014 ICD-10-CM J18.1 Lobar pneumonia, unspecified organism
Code:ICD9 , 1979-1998 480 Viral pneumonia 134 480.0 Pneumonia due to adenovirus 499 480.1 Pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus 22 480.2 Pneumonia due to parainfluenza virus 67 480.8 Pneumonia due to other virus not elsewhere classified 11758 480.9 Viral pneumonia, unspecified 52635 481 Pneumococcal pneumonia 482 Other bacterial pneumonia 5746 482.0 Pneumonia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae 9191 482.1 Pneumonia due to Pseudomonas 1690 482.2 Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae [H. influenzae] 5571 482.3 Pneumonia due to Streptococcus 482.30 Streptococcus, unspecified 482.31 Group A 482.32 Group B 482.39 Other Streptococcus 13978 482.4 Pneumonia due to Staphylococcus 4490 482.8 Pneumonia due to other specified bacteria 482.81 Anaerobes 482.82 Escherichia coli [E. coli] 482.83 Other gram-negative bacteria 482.89 Other specified bacteria 20295 482.9 Bacterial pneumonia unspecified 2391 483 Pneumonia due to other specified organism 483.0 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 483.8 Other specified organism 484 Pneumonia in infectious diseases classified elsewhere 484.0 Pneumonia in measles 484.1 Pneumonia in cytomegalic inclusion disease 484.2 Pneumonia in ornithosis 484.3 Pneumonia in whooping cough 484.4 Pneumonia in tularaemia 484.5 Pneumonia in anthrax 484.6 Pneumonia in aspergillosis 484.7 Pneumonia in other systemic mycoses 484.8 Pneumonia in other infectious diseases classified elsewhere 148575 485 Bronchopneumonia, organism unspecified 1116365 486 Pneumonia, organism unspecified 487 Influenza 12931 487.0 With pneumonia 14424 487.1 With other respiratory manifestations 636 487.8 With other manifestationsCode:ICD10, 1999- J12 Viral pneumonia, not elsewhere classified 132 J12.0 Adenoviral pneumonia 263 J12.1 Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia 29 J12.2 Parainfluenza virus pneumonia 24 J12.8 Other viral pneumonia 2894 J12.9 Viral pneumonia, unspecified 5328 J13 Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae 490 J14 Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae J15 Bacterial pneumonia, not elsewhere classified 1459 J15.0 Pneumonia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae 3602 J15.1 Pneumonia due to Pseudomonas 12696 J15.2 Pneumonia due to staphylococcus 45 J15.3 Pneumonia due to streptococcus, group B 3340 J15.4 Pneumonia due to other streptococci 305 J15.5 Pneumonia due to Escherichia coli 368 J15.6 Pneumonia due to other aerobic Gram-negative bacteria 322 J15.7 Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae 443 J15.8 Other bacterial pneumonia 19605 J15.9 Bacterial pneumonia, unspecified J16 Pneumonia due to other infectious organisms, not elsewhere classified 24 J16.0 Chlamydial pneumonia 39 J16.8 Pneumonia due to other specified infectious organisms J17 Pneumonia in diseases classified elsewhere J17.0 Pneumonia in bacterial diseases classified elsewhere J17.1 Pneumonia in viral diseases classified elsewhere J17.2 Pneumonia in mycoses J17.3 Pneumonia in parasitic diseases J17.8 Pneumonia in other diseases classified elsewhere J18 Pneumonia, organism unspecified 17197 J18.0 Bronchopneumonia, unspecified 19242 J18.1 Lobar pneumonia, unspecified 688 J18.2 Hypostatic pneumonia, unspecified 428 J18.8 Other pneumonia, organism unspecified 609982 J18.9 Pneumonia, unspecifiedAttached FilesLeave a comment:
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
I've seen several reports of people being ill with pneumonia prior to getting the flu & the article below indicates there is a synergy between bacteria and the flu virus.
The American Journal of Medicine (2008) 121, 258-264Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
Bacterial pneumonia complicating viral influenza was reported
during the pandemic of 1918 and multiple subsequent
epidemic and inter-epidemic periods.22,23 Typical viral
influenza infection is followed by near resolution of
symptoms, subsequently complicated 4 to 14 days later by
a recurrence of fever, dyspnea, productive cough, and pulmonary
consolidation.28 The most common pathogens are
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus
influenzae, and occasionally other gram-negative
bacilli.29
S. aureus pneumonia following influenza was first described
during the 1918 pandemic. Striking features included
a fulminant course, unusual cyanosis (?cherry-red
indigo-blue?), lack of consolidation on pulmonary examination,
dirty salmon-pink purulent sputum, leucopenia, multiple
micro-abscesses on autopsy, and a near-universal fatality.
30 Subsequent reports confirmed an increased incidence
of S. aureus pneumonia during the epidemic of 1968 to
1969.29 Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome arising from
the respiratory tract during influenza infection also has been
described.31 During the 2003 to 2004 and 2006 to 2007
influenza seasons, cases of severe community-acquired
pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
were reported with 33% mortality.32,33
The mechanisms by which bacteria act synergistically
with influenza virus include increased binding and invasion
of bacteria, increased viral replication, and modification of
the host inflammatory response. The interactions between
influenza virus and bacteria have most thoroughly been
established with streptococcus pneumoniae. As the viral
neuraminidase cleaves sialic acid to release new viral particles
from host cells, damage to the epithelial layer of the
airways occurs, exposing binding sites necessary for adherence
of the pneumococcus.34
Pulmonary Complications with Unusual
Pathogens
Multiple reports describe secondary pneumonia caused by
less common microorganisms. These include Aspergillus
sp., Chlamydia pneumoniae, B-hemolytic streptococci, and
Legionella pneumophila.35-38 Six cases of invasive aspergillosis
have been reported, all in immunocompetent persons,
with 5 deaths.
Noninfectious mimics of infection that may be incited by
influenza include..Leave a comment:
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
Gs and I have been having a rather long, rambling conversation about the pneumonia vaccine; I was wondering if that is giving the protection against death for those under the age of 24 and 65+. I've done quite a bit of searching and cannot find the number of years the childhood vax is good for. Since it's recommended that adults with underlying health conditions get vaxed, I'm assuming the protection is limited to X number of years.
We wondered if H1N1 opens the door for Pneumococcal infection (refers to an infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae), which is mostly covered by the pneumonia vax; and H3 somehow opens the door to those which aren't covered.
Gs also questions why we don't have pneumonia vax for those bacterial strains which are becoming antibiotic resistant. I've read that as one strain of bacteria is covered by the vax, others take its place.
I was curious about the causes of pneumonia deaths so gs went through the records and gave me this for 2010. I re-formatted it a bit; if anyone wants to see the codes, etc, I can post them. I also question what "unspecified" means; did they not test to see or did they just omit that info from the death certificate? The number of unspecified cases is quite large.
In the United States, the most common viral causes of pneumonia are influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the most common bacterial cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). In children younger than 1 year of age, RSV is the most common cause of pneumonia.Code:numbers of deaths, causes: 227: Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus 30: Influenza with pneumonia, influenza virus identified 27: Influenza with other respiratory manifestations, influenza virus identified 3: Influenza with other manifestations, influenza virus identified 112: Influenza with pneumonia, virus not identified 92: Influenza with other respiratory manifestations, virus not identified 10: Influenza with other manifestations, virus not identified 14: Adenoviral pneumonia 18: J121 (I'm not sure what this little group is) 3: J122 3: J128 133: J129 43864: Pneumonia, [B]unspecified[/B] 1775: Lobar pneumonia, unspecified 955: Bronchopneumonia, unspecified 625: Pneumonia due to staphylococcus 277: Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae 2: Pneumonia due to streptococcus, group B 189: Pneumonia due to other streptococci 31: Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae 88: Pneumonia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae 231: Pneumonia due to Pseudomonas 25: Pneumonia due to Escherichia coli 24: Pneumonia due to other aerobic Gram-negative bacteria 24: Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae 39: Other bacterial pneumonia 1264: Bacterial pneumonia, unspecified 64: Hypostatic pneumonia, unspecified 12: Other pneumonia, organism unspecified
Prevnar 13? is a vaccine approved for children 6 weeks through 17 years of age for the prevention of invasive disease caused by 13 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F), and for children 6 weeks through 5 years for the prevention of otitis media caused by 7 of the 13 strains (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F)
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
I'm sorry to hear that you're impacted by bad air quality, mixin.
You aren't alone. I was really sick for about 3 weeks over the holidays & it all started with an exposure to something that smelled really toxic while out driving. It smelled like someone was burning creosote treated wood. While recovering from that, we got some sort of upper respiratory illness and someone in the local neighborhood was generating HUGE amounts of smoke at night during this time, likely from banking the stove at night, or burning unseasoned wood. (Couldn't figure out who it even was.) So I kept going downhill. I was really disappointed that the natural remedies I started since 2009 and measures I've taken to reduce smoke exposure didn't prevent this illness. The smoke was so intense this year that it overwhelmed my HEPA's and heavy-duty charcoal/potassium permanganate filter, (all freshly replace this year, too).
Even if someone doesn't have a classical allergy to smoke, they can be killed or sickened by reactions to it. I think overexposure causes immune dysregulation, and I've seen research that supports that. What is happening is more of an autoimmune reaction, and it is hard to treat.
I'm not sure of what the mechanism is with the problems that children are having here in the Puget Sound region, but it is really sad:
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/s...ryId=143842355
We can save the lives of children sickened by smoke exposure here, but the suffering is hidden from public view. In a refugee camp, however, nothing can be hidden. Someone from Syria posted a very disturbing photo of a little child killed by wood smoke in recently:Where There's Smoke, There's Sickness: Wood Smoke now a major Northwest air polluter
by Robert McClure, InvestigateWest and Katie Campbell, EarthFix/KCTS 9
December 16, 201112:26 PM
...
David Ricker is a lung doctor who treats children at the Mary Bridge Children's Hospital in Tacoma, where the most common diagnosis of kids admitted is bronchialitis, constriction of the small lung airways that leaves children wheezing and in need of oxygen in the hospital for several days. Ricker says that his caseload goes up in the fall and winter, and he's sure wood smoke contributes.
On a recent day Ricker treated a two-year-old boy who had been brought into the emergency room coughing and wheezing so hard that the skin at the bottom of his throat and on his ribcage was sucked in on each breath. A tube attached to a breathing machine had to be put down his windpipe. The same boy had been to Mary Bridge in the same condition multiple times.
https://twitter.com/RevolutionSyria/...208192/photo/1
Suffered cold, hunger & bombing; then suffocated by the smoke of wood-burning stoveLeave a comment:
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
Emily,
I did not see that staph vax news; that's great!
This is from your Berkeley report, in case we ever want it for comparisons
On a personal level, I'm very allergic to smoke; too much will send me to the doctor. Unfortunately, I have a neighbor who burns everything he possibly can plus he has a wood stove. The wind blows it all in my direction. I'm not associated with air purifier companies in any way; but the one I have works well.For example, because of wood availabilities, Finland, Sweden, and Canada burn more biomass fuel per capita than other countries and South Korea and Singapore burn less [2].Leave a comment:
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
The reason I asked about pneumonia vax studies was because flu seems to either strike the young/old or middle-aged groups. Currently, it seems that the very young and elderly are doing better than the other age groups. I wondered why.
I also was not sure how long a pneumonia vax is good for. The John Hopkins paper looks at the re-vax controversy.
I did some research on the pneumonia vax and found this good report (24 pages) by the Lung Association:
Missed Opportunities
Disparities in Lung Health Series
Influenza and Pneumonia Vaccination in Older Adults
2009 stats show vax rates for the following groups:
white: 60%, black 38%, Hispanic: 32%, Asian: 38%, Native American: 50%
This Johns Hopkins paper estimates a single Pneumovax shot is likely to have 75% or more efficacy (serologically) in healthy adults > 65 years of age.While the exact number of people who get pneumonia every year is unknown, health records show that in 2006 over 1.2 million people were discharged from the hospital after being treated for pneumonia. Pneumonia can be viral, bacterial or fungal in origin. Pneumococcal pneumonia, which is the type that is most common among older adults, kills more people in the United States each year than any other vaccine-preventable bacterial disease, with an estimated 40,000 deaths annually.
Pneumococcal Vaccine: Vaccinate! Revaccinate??
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
when you talk about flu-deaths, then the big thing is
still cardiovascular and the elderly and H3N2 (in USA).
And diabetes and Alzheimer and Parkinson and Senility
and Septicaemia and COPD ...
All caused by flu.
And I don't think that preventing pneumonia helps a lot here.
You can argue that the younger deaths are more important
and they more often die from pneumonia but it's much rarer.
People die from pneumonia also in summer, just maybe ~20%-30%
more in winter, but reducing pneumonia deaths is important
independent of flu.
Seasonal flu, that is. When we consider possible,bad new flus,
(or old flus like 1918) then ... who knows (give your probability
estimates )Leave a comment:
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
Did you see the news about this staph vaccine in the works?
University of Iowa researchers say new staph infection vaccine could bring the flu death rate down to near zero
It's possible that's an overly optimistic projection, but a lot of the reports of deaths following flu seem to be from a complication related to what is described as a bacteria commonly carried by the victim.
There's some discussion here about a study indicating that wood smoke at common exposure levels can enhance staph infections.
Adverse effects of wood smoke PM2.5 exposure on macrophage functions (Even while classic markers of inflammation (cellular infiltration, total protein, neutrophils) were not affected)Leave a comment:
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
n=64852
pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines efficacy for
invasive pneumococcal disease OR=0.26
all-cause pneumonia in low-income countries OR 0.54
all-cause pneumonia in high-income countries OR 0.71
all-cause mortality OR 0.90
poorer in adults with illness
------------------------------------------------
my interpretation:
it reduces your chances to die from pneumonia by ~30%
within some reasonable time span, my guess : ~5 years
since that's the time when a repitition is recommended.
Now, this includes studies from 1966-2012 and they increased
the number of strains in the vaccine and it is well efficient against
the included strains (74%), so I assume the current efficiency
with the pneumovax 23 to prevent death is higher than 30% ,
maybe 50% (wild guess)
what's its chance to prevent you from death in a severe H5N1 or H7N9
pandemic ?
would antibiotics be available, have you prepped antibiotics, would the strain
be resistent (were you in hospital in the last years)
can I test whether I have MRSA or ORSA or such ?Leave a comment:
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Re: Influenza: Random Thoughts and Comments
estimates from 32 European countries for monthly deaths
in the first half of 2013 are now available at eurostats.
(Italy was included, only June 2013 was missing, which I estimated from
previous years. France was excluded although they had 2013, but
4 months from 2012 were missing)
Wrt. ILI 2011/12 was very mild and 2012/13 was severe.
But the death-numbers seem to paint a different picture.
I don't know why.
rechts oben English
database by themes
population and social conditions
population
demography
national data
mortality
deaths by month
dec 2013 : I,E,D Dec.2012
charts for all 62 cuntries at FT
eu62s.gif
eu62t.gif
mmw13u.gifLeave a comment:
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