MCH I genotypes incfluence survival of chickens

[Ganseerpel]

Animal Science Journal

Volume 77 Issue 3 Page 285 - June 2006
To cite this article: Kalaya BOONYANUWAT, Sawat THUMMABUTRA, Neramit SOOKMANEE, Voravit VATCHAVALKHU, Voravit SIRIPHOLVAT (2006)
Influences of major histocompatibility complex class I haplotypes on avian influenza virus disease traits in Thai indigenous chickens
Animal Science Journal 77 (3), 285?289.
doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2006.00350.x
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Influences of major histocompatibility complex class I haplotypes on avian influenza virus disease traits in Thai indigenous chickens

• Kalaya BOONYANUWAT,<SUP>1,2</SUP><SUP>1</SUP>Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and <SUP>2</SUP>Division of Livestock Breeding, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Rachathevee, Bangkok, ThailandKalaya Boonyanuwat, Department of Livestock Development, Rachathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. (Email: kalayabo@yahoo.com)
• Sawat THUMMABUTRA,<SUP>2</SUP><SUP>2</SUP>Division of Livestock Breeding, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Rachathevee, Bangkok, Thailand
• Neramit SOOKMANEE,<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>1</SUP>Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and
• Voravit VATCHAVALKHU<SUP>3</SUP><SUP>3</SUP>Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphangsan, Nakhornpathom Province and and
• Voravit SIRIPHOLVAT<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>1</SUP>Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and

• <ADDRESS><SUP>1</SUP>Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and <SUP>3</SUP>Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphangsan, Nakhornpathom Province and <SUP>2</SUP>Division of Livestock Breeding, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Rachathevee, Bangkok, Thailand</ADDRESS>

<ADDRESS class=author_address>Kalaya Boonyanuwat, Department of Livestock Development, Rachathevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. (Email: kalayabo@yahoo.com) </ADDRESS>ABSTRACT


Natural infections with influenza viruses have been reported in a variety of animal species including humans, pigs, horses, sea mammals, mustelids and birds. Occasionally, devastating pandemics occur in domestic chickens (broiler and layers) and in humans. From November 2003 to March 2004 in many countries in Asia, there were outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza virus, causing death of infected patients, and devastating the poultry industry. Some groups of Thai indigenous chickens survived and were therefore classified as resistant. These traits were related to immunogenetics, in particular, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules. The chicken MHC class I were investigated as candidate genes for avian influenza virus disease resistance. Seven hundred and thirty Thai indigenous chickens from smallholder farms in the rural area of avian influenza virus disease outbreaks in the central part of Thailand were used in the present study. They were separated into two groups, 340 surviving chickens and 390 dead chickens (resistant and susceptible). Genomic DNA were precipitated from blood samples and feathers. The DNA were used to amplify the MHC class I gene. Data were analyzed using χ<SUP>2</SUP> analysis to test significant differences of influences of MHC class I haplotypes on avian influenza virus disease traits. The results represented nine MHC class I haplotypes: A1, B12, B13, B15, B19, B21, B2, B6, and BA12, and included 10 of their heterozygotes. The homozygous B21 from these collected samples had a 100% survival rate and they were the major survival group. In addition, the heterozygous B21 also had a high survival rate because of co-dominant expression of these genes. In contrast, the homozygous B13 had a 100% mortality rate and they were the major mortality group. These results confirmed that MHC class I haplotypes influence avian influenza virus disease-resistant traits in Thai indigenous chicken. The MHC genes can be used as genetic markers to improve disease-resistant traits in chicken

[wetDirt]

Re: MCH I genotypes incfluence survival of chickens

I have long been of the opinion that culling all the chickens may be hasty, because the resistant chickens need to be the gene pool for the future chicken stock. I rather suspected that indigenous wild chickens such as the Red Forest Chicken would be more resistant to AI, and should be considered in a breeding program. Breeding more resistant chickens has got to be a better solution than vaccinating them.

[Shannon Bennett]

Re: MCH I genotypes incfluence survival of chickens

WetDirt this is especially important for the worlds poor who depend on the family flock for virtually all the protein in their diets. Rare breeds might be the only really sound answer to the problem.

[Ganseerpel]

Re: MCH I genotypes incfluence survival of chickens

Genetically determined differences of the resistance to viral infections occurs on multiple levels and is underestimated. Here is another aspect regarding an antiviral Protein - MX.

Genome Research
Received August 15, 2001; accepted in revised form January 22, 2002.

Polymorphisms and the Differential Antiviral Activity of the Chicken Mx Gene
Jae-Hong Ko,1 Hee-Kyung Jin,1 Atsushi Asano,1 Ayato Takada,2 Ai Ninomiya,2

Hiroshi Kida,

2 Hironao Hokiyama,3 Mutsuo Ohara,3 Masaoki Tsuzuki,4 Masahide

Nishibori,4 Makoto Mizutani,5 and Tomomasa Watanabe1,6
1

Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and 2Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine,

Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060?0818, Japan; 3Hokkaido Livestock Experiment Station, Shintoku 081?0038, Japan;
4

Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739?8528, Japan; 5Nippon Biological Science, Kobuchizawa 408?0041, Japan

The nucleotide sequence of chicken Mx cDNA was reported earlier using the White Leghorn breed in Germany, but it showed no enhanced resistance to viruses. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of chicken Mx cDNA were determined in many breeds. A total of 25 nucleotide substitutions, of which 14 were deduced to cause amino acid exchanges, were detected, suggesting that the chicken Mx gene is very polymorphic. Transfected cell clones expressing chicken Mx mRNA were established after the Mx cDNA was constructed with an expression vector and introduced into mouse 3T3 cells, and the Mx genes from some breeds were demonstrated to confer positive antiviral responses to influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. On the basis of the comparison among the antiviral activities associated with many Mx variations, a specific amino acid substitution at position 631 (Ser to Asn) was considered to determine the antivirally positive or negative Mx gene. Thus, a single amino acid substitution influences the antiviral activity of Mx in domesticated chickens.

[Ganseerpel]

MHC_Influences of MHC Class II Haplotypes on Avian Influenza

The Journal of Poultry Science, 43: 120-125, 2006

Influences of MHC Class II Haplotypes on Avian Influenza Traits in Thai Indigenous Chicken

Kalaya Boonyanuwat , Sawat Thummabutra , Neramit Sookmanee ,
Voravit Vatchavalkhu , Voravit Siripholvat and Tadayoshi Mitsuhashi
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Kamphangsan, Nakhornpathom Province, Thailand
Division of Livestock Breeding, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Rachathevee, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphangsan, Nakhornpathom Province, Thailand Department of Physiology and Genetic Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan

Natural infections with influenza viruses have been reported in avariety of animal species including human, pigs, horses, seamammals, mustelidsandbirds. Occasionally devastating pandemics occur in domestic chickens (broiler and layers) and human. During November ,**- to March ,**. in many countries in Asia, there are outbreaks of H/N+ avian influenza virus, causing of death of infected patients and devastated poultry industry. Some groups of Thai indigenous chickens are survivable recommended as resistance. These traits were related to immunogenetics,especially,the majorhistocompatibility complex(MHC) classIandclassII molecules. The chicken MHC class II was investigated as candidate genes for avian influenza resistance. Seven hundred and thirty Thai indigenous chickens of small holder farms intherural area of avian influenza outbreaks in the central part of Thailand were used in this study. They were separated into two groups,-.*survivablechickensand -3* dead chickens (resistance and susceptible). Genomic DNA were precipitated from blood samples and feathers.
Diluted DNA was amplified to identify MHC haplotype. Data were statistically analyzed by c, analysis to test significant differences of influences of MHC class II haplotypes on avian influenza traits. The results represented ten MHC class II haplotypes, A3,B+,,B+-,B+.,B+3,B,+,B,,B.,B/, and B0, and included eighteen of their crossbred. The homozygous B,+ from these collected samples had +** percent of survival rate and they were the major survival group. In addition, the heterozygous B,+ also showed high survival rate because of co-dominant expression of thesegenes. In the otherway, the homozygous B+-had+ per cent of mortality rate and they were the major group of high mortality rate. These results confirmed that MHC class II haplotypes influenced on avian influenza resistant traits in Thai indigenous chicken. The MHC genes can be used as genetic markers to improve disease resistant traits in chicken.