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Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

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  • #91
    Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

    Originally posted by theforeigner View Post
    My translation of the black highlighted part of the newsreport:

    The person was originally not ill at all. The person was in precaution treatment with Tamiflu, because the person had been in close contact with a person who was infected with Swine Flu abroad (OR the person had been abroad and been in close contact with a H1N1 infected person, can?t be sure which it is). After 5 days treatment with Tamiflu, the person suddenly got sick with H1N1, but it didn?t seem like the treatment had any effect. It turned out via tests her in Denmark and in UK, that the person had developed resistance twards Tamiflu, explains Nils Strandberg ( President & CEO of -Statens Serum Institut )
    Insted the person was treated with Relenza. - We can be glad that the person today is well and have not infected others said Nils Strandberg.

    The Journalist ask Nils Strandberg:
    But isen?t it a worrying perspectives that Tamiflu now no longer can be concidered a safe tratment against Swine Flu?

    -Yes it is worrying if Tamiflu does not work on the most vulnerable groups. But there are still things that work if a vulnerable patient get infected with H1n1. There is another treatment Relenza.






    Dansker er resistent overfor Tamiflu



    En dansker er som den f?rste i verden blevet resistent overfor medicin mod svineinfluenza H1N1. Dystre perspektiver for risiko-patienter

    16:40 - 29. jun. 2009 | Frederik Bjerre Andersen, Gitte Hejberg


    Statens Serum Institut har fundet den f?rste person i verden, der er resistent overfor medicinen oseltamivir, der s?lges under navnet Tamiflu og blandt andet har vist sig virksom mod svineinfluenzaen H1N1.

    Det er det f?rste tilf?lde af resistens overfor medicinen p? verdensplan. Det er forventeligt, at influenzavirus kan mutere spontant. Resistensen har ikke ?ndret H1N1-virus? evne til at smitte eller fremkalde sygdom, meddeler instuttet.

    - B?de bakterier og vira kan mutere og blive resistente. Og det er alts? det, der er sket her, bekr?fter administrerende direkt?r p? Statens Serums Institut Nils Strandberg.

    - Vedkommende var til at begynde med slet ikke syg. Den p?g?ldende var i forebyggende behandling med Tamiflu, fordi vedkommende havde v?ret i t?t kontakt med en svineinfluenza-ramt i udlandet. Da der var g?et fem dage med Tamiflu, blev personen s? pludselig syg med H1N1, men det s? ikke ud til, at medicinen virkede. Det viste sig s? via pr?ver her og i England, at personen var blevet resistens, fort?ller Nils Strandberg.

    Uheldigt for alvorligt syge
    I stedet blev patienten behandlet med medicinen Relenza.

    - Vi kan gl?de os over, at personen i dag er helt rask og ikke har smittet andre, siger Nils Standberg.

    - Men der er vel dystre perspektiver i, at Tamiflu nu ikke l?ngere kan betragtes som et sikkert middel mod svineinfluenza?

    - Ja, det er bekymrende, hvis Tamiflu ikke virker p? de mest udsatte grupper. Men der er stadig noget at g?re, hvis en svagelig patient bliver smittet med H1N1. Der er jo et andet stof, som man kan bruge.
    Skruer ned for forebyggende brug
    If?lge Nils Strandberg vil fundet af den resistente dansker betyde, at l?gerne fremover vil blive mere tilbageholdende med at bruge Tamiflu forebyggende - med mindre der alts? ligefrem er tale om meget syge og skr?belige patienter.

    - Hvorfor er det netop en dansker, der bliver den f?rste resistente influenza-patient?

    - Det beror nok mest p? et tilf?lde. Vi har et godt system, hvor vi er gode til at overv?ge situationen.

    Episoden sl?r fast, at influenza-virus kan mutere, og at Tamiflu p? ingen m?de kan betragtes som mirakelmedicin. Tamiflu kan i forvejen ikke kurere influenza, men medicinen kan neds?tte symptomerne og forkorte forl?bet.

    Epidemi til efter?ret
    Selv om sommeren, udend?rslivet og de lukkede skoler er ensbetydende med mindre influenzasmitte i Danmark, vil danskernes rejseaktivitet sommeren over betyde, at der bliver sl?bt mere smitte til landet.

    - Vi skal formodentlig frem til det sene efter?r eller vinter, f?r vi kan risikere en H1N1-epidemi herhjemme. Men det beh?ver ikke at give problemer, da det stadig er en ret mild influenzatype, siger Nils Standberg.
    Google translation

    Swine Influenza: Danish is resistant to Tamiflu
    ..
    Statens Serum Institut have found the first person in the world who are resistant to the medication oseltamivir, sold under the name Tamiflu, and among others have proven company against swine flu H1N1.

    It is the first case of resistance to the drug worldwide. It is expected that influenza virus can mutate spontaneously. Resistance has not changed the H1N1 virus' ability to infect or cause disease, shall instuttet.

    - Both bacteria and viruses can mutate and become resistant. And that is what has happened here, confirms CEO at Statens Serum Institut Nils Strandberg.

    - He had to start with no ill. That was in the preventive treatment with Tamiflu, because he had been in close contact with a swine influenza hit abroad. Since there had been five days of Tamiflu, the person suddenly ill with H1N1, but it not appear that the medicine worked. It appeared as through the samples here and in England that the person had been resistance, "says Nils Strandberg.

    Disadvantageous for the seriously ill
    Instead, the patient was treated with medication Relenza.

    - We can rejoice that the person is today is quite healthy and has not infected others, says Nils Stand Berg.

    - But there is surely bleak prospects that Tamiflu will no longer be regarded as a safe weapon against swine flu?

    - Yes, it is worrying if Tamiflu does not work on the most vulnerable groups. But there is still something to do if a sickly patient become infected with H1N1. There is another substance that can be used.

    Turn down the preventive use
    According to Nils Strandberg would find the resistant Dane mean that doctors will be more reluctant to use preventive Tamiflu - unless there actually are very sick and frail patients.

    - Why is it just a Dane who is the first resistant influenza patient?

    - It probably depends most on a case. We have a good system where we are good to monitor the situation.

    The incident confirms that influenza virus can mutate and that Tamiflu can not be regarded as miracle drugs. Tamiflu is already not cure flu, but the medication can reduce symptoms and shorten the process.

    Epidemic in the autumn
    Even in summer, outdoor life and the closed schools will mean less flu infection in Denmark, the Danes will travel over the summer mean that there will be dragged more infections in the country.

    - We should probably until the late autumn or winter before we can risk a H1N1 epidemic at home. But it need not cause problems, since it is still a relatively mild influenza, "says Nils Stand Berg.

    Comment


    • #92
      Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

      Originally posted by niman View Post
      Google translation

      - He had to start with no ill. That was in the preventive treatment with Tamiflu, because he had been in close contact with a swine influenza hit abroad. Since there had been five days of Tamiflu, the person suddenly ill with H1N1, but it not appear that the medicine worked. It appeared as through the samples here and in England that the person had been resistance, "says Nils Strandberg.
      The above translation confirms that the patient had been in contact with an infected person abroad, but had been asymptomatic in Denmark for five before becoming ill. A sample was collected and sequenced in Denmark and England (Weybridge or Mill Hill) and both labs identified a resistance marker (almost certainly H274Y).

      The long incubation time of 5 days leaves open the source of the infection. Since the patient was asymptomatic upon arrival, it is unlikley that there are samples collected prior to the start of prophylactic treatment and even if a sample existed, it is unlikely that virus could be isolated.

      In fact the 5 day delay in disease onset leave open the strong possibility that the patient was NOT infected by the known foreign contact, and was in fact infected while traveling to Denmark or after arriving in Denmark.

      The resistance was identified because the patient developed symptoms (five DAYS after arriving, suggesting the infecting dose was low if it originated outside of Denmark) while being treated, but there is NO evidence even remotely suggesting that the patient was infected by wild type H1N1, unless virus was isolated from the foreign contact, or that the two isolates matched (other than the acquired resistance markers). The article makes no mention of an isolate or sequence from the known contact, and without such a match, there is nothing to suggest that the resistance developed while under prophylactic treatment.

      Comment


      • #93
        Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

        Originally posted by niman View Post
        The above translation confirms that the patient had been in contact with an infected person abroad, but had been asymptomatic in Denmark for five before becoming ill. A sample was collected and sequenced in Denmark and England (Weybridge or Mill Hill) and both labs identified a resistance marker (almost certainly H274Y).

        The long incubation time of 5 days leaves open the source of the infection. Since the patient was asymptomatic upon arrival, it is unlikley that there are samples collected prior to the start of prophylactic treatment and even if a sample existed, it is unlikely that virus could be isolated.

        In fact the 5 day delay in disease onset leave open the strong possibility that the patient was NOT infected by the known foreign contact, and was in fact infected while traveling to Denmark or after arriving in Denmark.

        The resistance was identified because the patient developed symptoms (five DAYS after arriving, suggesting the infecting dose was low if it originated outside of Denmark) while being treated, but there is NO evidence even remotely suggesting that the patient was infected by wild type H1N1, unless virus was isolated from the foreign contact, or that the two isolates matched (other than the acquired resistance markers). The article makes no mention of an isolate or sequence from the known contact, and without such a match, there is nothing to suggest that the resistance developed while under prophylactic treatment.
        Hi Niman

        I´m danish, and I have now read several of the Tamiflu resistant patient reports in danish, and I belive fully that this is the correct info due to what has been reported on Statens Serum Institut website and elsewere.


        It was only the report from "Ekstrabladet" which was written in a way that could be misunderstod in regards to were "A" had been infected, but it turn out that it was aimed to the location were "B" was infected; abroad.

        So, here is the correct info:

        The tamiflu resistent person "A" (a woman, according to newsreport) had NOT been abroad.
        "A" had been in contact with a person, we name him/her "B"
        "B" had recently been abroad and had gotten infected with H1N1
        Therefore "A " was given Tamiflu as a precausionn treatment
        After "A" had been taking Tamiflu for 5 days she devloped flu symptoms
        A test showed that "A" was infected with H1N1
        Additional tests at Statens Serum Institut showed that the virus in question, H1N1, had mutated. It (the H1N1) is resistent to tamiflu but is still sensetive to Relenza.

        If I find additional info I´ll post it in this thread.


        By the way the machin translation is VERY bad, belive me

        Comment


        • #94
          Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

          Originally posted by theforeigner View Post
          Hi Niman

          I´m danish, and I have now read several of the Tamiflu resistant patient reports in danish, and I belive fully that this is the correct info due to what has been reported on Statens Serum Institut website and elsewere.


          It was only the report from "Ekstrabladet" which was written in a way that could be misunderstod in regards to were "A" had been infected, but it turn out that it was aimed to the location were "B" was infected; abroad.

          So, here is the correct info:

          The tamiflu resistent person "A" (a woman, according to newsreport) had NOT been abroad.
          "A" had been in contact with a person, we name him/her "B"
          "B" had recently been abroad and had gotten infected with H1N1
          Therefore "A " was given Tamiflu as a precausionn treatment
          After "A" had been taking Tamiflu for 5 days she devloped flu symptoms
          A test showed that "A" was infected with H1N1
          Additional tests at Statens Serum Institut showed that the virus in question, H1N1, had mutated. It (the H1N1) is resistent to tamiflu but is still sensetive to Relenza.

          If I find additional info I´ll post it in this thread.


          By the way the machin translation is VERY bad, belive me
          Thanks for the clarification. That would narrow down the source of the woman's infection, and the 5 day delay included the time to get infected by the traveler contact, who was in Denmark (the classic 5 day gap in disease onset). However, even though the source was in Denmark, it still sounds like there was no data for the H1N1 from the source to show that the source was wild type. This is infered because the source recovered and was probably treated with Tamiflu, but many recover without Tamiflu treatment, so the recovery of the source does not signal wild type. However, the failure of the contact to recover in spite of treatment does signal resistance, so that sample was sequenced and was resistant (almost certainly H274Y). Thus, without the sequence from the traveler, there is still no evidence that the traveler didn't also have resistant H1N1 (or that the travel was the actual source of H1N1, since the only sequence described was from the patient who failed to respond to tamiflu).

          Comment


          • #95
            Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

            Originally posted by theforeigner View Post
            Hi Niman

            I´m danish, and I have now read several of the Tamiflu resistant patient reports in danish, and I belive fully that this is the correct info due to what has been reported on Statens Serum Institut website and elsewere.


            It was only the report from "Ekstrabladet" which was written in a way that could be misunderstod in regards to were "A" had been infected, but it turn out that it was aimed to the location were "B" was infected; abroad.

            So, here is the correct info:

            The tamiflu resistent person "A" (a woman, according to newsreport) had NOT been abroad.
            "A" had been in contact with a person, we name him/her "B"
            "B" had recently been abroad and had gotten infected with H1N1
            Therefore "A " was given Tamiflu as a precausionn treatment
            After "A" had been taking Tamiflu for 5 days she devloped flu symptoms
            A test showed that "A" was infected with H1N1
            Additional tests at Statens Serum Institut showed that the virus in question, H1N1, had mutated. It (the H1N1) is resistent to tamiflu but is still sensetive to Relenza.

            If I find additional info I´ll post it in this thread.


            By the way the machin translation is VERY bad, belive me
            Do the reports indicate that she "suddenly" developed symptoms (at day 5)? The sudden development would also suggest that she was infected with H1N1 that was already resistant. The prophylatic tamiflu did nothing. She was exposed for 5 days and the sudden onset suggests that she had a significant exposure, leading to sudden disease onset, instead of a milder infection that became more severe as the Tamiflu sensitive H1N1 declined due to tamiflu treatment and was replaced by resistant H1N1.

            Comment


            • #96
              Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

              <TABLE class=lan18 border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="97%" align=center><TBODY><TR><TD class=hei22 height=25 vAlign=bottom>First Tamiflu-resistant case in Denmark
              </TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#ffffff height=4></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="50%" align=center><TBODY><TR><TD height=8></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="97%" align=center><TBODY><TR><TD width="48%">www.chinaview.cn 2009-06-30 16:36:37</TD><TD class=hui12 width="26%" align=middle> </TD><TD class=hui12 width="12%" align=middle> Print</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="80%"><TBODY><TR><TD height=20></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE class=lt14 border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="97%" align=center><TBODY><TR><TD class=lt14>


              BEIJING, June 30 (Xinhuanet) -- The first case of swine flu resistant to Tamiflu--the anti-viral drug to combat the pandemic, has been found in Denmark, the National Board of Health confirmed Monday.

              The Danish patient was given the drug after exposure to the swine flu. Despite the medication, she became ill with the disease and has now recovered.
              "It appears the strain developed in a patient who was taking the drug to prevent illness, and it has not spread to others. That's a much better scenario than if the patient had not been taking Tamiflu and picked up a drug-resistant strain already spreading through the public," said Bridges, associate director for science in the U.S. Centers for Disease control and Prevention'sinfluenza division. Tamiflu, if taken early, eases the symptoms of swine flu, making it less likely to spread. Scientists have been worried about the new swine flu swapping genes with seasonal or other types of flu and mutating into a more dangerous or more infectious form. So far this does not appear to be the case. Until an effective vaccine is developed, the drugs Tamiflu and Relenza have been considered the best available defense against the swine flu virus.

              </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

              Comment


              • #97
                Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

                Originally posted by niman View Post
                Thanks for the clarification. That would narrow down the source of the woman's infection, and the 5 day delay included the time to get infected by the traveler contact, who was in Denmark (the classic 5 day gap in disease onset). However, even though the source was in Denmark, it still sounds like there was no data for the H1N1 from the source to show that the source was wild type. This is infered because the source recovered and was probably treated with Tamiflu, but many recover without Tamiflu treatment, so the recovery of the source does not signal wild type. However, the failure of the contact to recover in spite of treatment does signal resistance, so that sample was sequenced and was resistant (almost certainly H274Y). Thus, without the sequence from the traveler, there is still no evidence that the traveler didn't also have resistant H1N1 (or that the travel was the actual source of H1N1, since the only sequence described was from the patient who failed to respond to tamiflu).
                Your welcom .
                And yes you are right there is no info on the "traveler" whom I name "B".
                Why the danish HA doesen?t release any info on "B" and also more detalied info on "A" is a mystery to me, we can only hope that WHO release detailes on both "B" and the tamiflu resisten patient whom I name "A"

                Could you please explain "wild type" ?

                Comment


                • #98
                  Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

                  Originally posted by niman View Post
                  Do the reports indicate that she "suddenly" developed symptoms (at day 5)? The sudden development would also suggest that she was infected with H1N1 that was already resistant. The prophylatic tamiflu did nothing. She was exposed for 5 days and the sudden onset suggests that she had a significant exposure, leading to sudden disease onset, instead of a milder infection that became more severe as the Tamiflu sensitive H1N1 declined due to tamiflu treatment and was replaced by resistant H1N1.
                  Yes that first scenario is correct; she "suddenly" developed symptoms at day 5 (after 5 days on prophylatic Tamiflu) and she had been in close contact with "B" who had been infected abroad.

                  Comment


                  • #99
                    Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

                    Originally posted by theforeigner View Post
                    Your welcom .
                    And yes you are right there is no info on the "traveler" whom I name "B".
                    Why the danish HA doesen&#180;t release any info on "B" and also more detalied info on "A" is a mystery to me, we can only hope that WHO release detailes on both "B" and the tamiflu resisten patient whom I name "A"

                    Could you please explain "wild type" ?
                    Wild type is the scientific term for the "normal" gene. In this case, it would be an NA gene that is not Tamiflu resistant.
                    As far as information is concerned, most countries have been very withholding of specifics, citing privacy laws. However, countries in Europe, including Denmark, have done a very minimal level of testing. They have focused on imported cases and contacts, as described in this case/cluster, but little real data has been released.

                    Although sequences have been released promptly, the number from Denmark remains at one. It was collected in late April and released promptly in early May, but of course it is almost July, so there is no public data on sequences from Denmark for almost the past 2 months.

                    Thus, the recent spread of Tamiflu resistance in Denmark would not be seen in public sequences, and many other European countries also have limited positives and even fewer sequences.

                    In all liklihood, there is no sequence from the contact, which is why statements include "probably" and "appears". There is no data showing that the H1N1 in the contact who traveled overseas was infected with tamiflu sensitive (wild type) H1N1, and the only reason the H1N1 was collected from the female patient was becasue she developed flu-like symptoms while taking tamiflu.

                    Comment


                    • Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

                      Originally posted by niman View Post
                      <TABLE class=lan18 border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="97%" align=center><TBODY><TR><TD class=hei22 height=25 vAlign=bottom>First Tamiflu-resistant case in Denmark
                      </TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#ffffff height=4></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="50%" align=center><TBODY><TR><TD height=8></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="97%" align=center><TBODY><TR><TD width="48%">www.chinaview.cn 2009-06-30 16:36:37</TD><TD class=hui12 width="26%" align=middle> </TD><TD class=hui12 width="12%" align=middle> Print</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="80%"><TBODY><TR><TD height=20></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE class=lt14 border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="97%" align=center><TBODY><TR><TD class=lt14>


                      BEIJING, June 30 (Xinhuanet) -- The first case of swine flu resistant to Tamiflu--the anti-viral drug to combat the pandemic, has been found in Denmark, the National Board of Health confirmed Monday.

                      The Danish patient was given the drug after exposure to the swine flu. Despite the medication, she became ill with the disease and has now recovered.
                      "It appears the strain developed in a patient who was taking the drug to prevent illness, and it has not spread to others. That's a much better scenario than if the patient had not been taking Tamiflu and picked up a drug-resistant strain already spreading through the public," said Bridges, associate director for science in the U.S. Centers for Disease control and Prevention'sinfluenza division. Tamiflu, if taken early, eases the symptoms of swine flu, making it less likely to spread. Scientists have been worried about the new swine flu swapping genes with seasonal or other types of flu and mutating into a more dangerous or more infectious form. So far this does not appear to be the case. Until an effective vaccine is developed, the drugs Tamiflu and Relenza have been considered the best available defense against the swine flu virus.

                      </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
                      http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/20...t_11627434.htm
                      I?m not sure if this has any significance, but on the danish Statens Serum Institut report about the Tamiflu resistent patient "A", they also added this statement:



                      En tilsvarende udvikling af resistens over for oseltamivir (Tamiflu?) er ogs? set hos det vinter-influenzavirus A H1N1, der har cirkuleret de seneste to vinters?soner

                      My translation:
                      A corresponding development of resisitant twards oseltamivir (Tamiflu?) has been observed in the winter-influenzavirus A H1N1, which has circulated the last to vinter seasons






                      29. juni 2009 - Resistens hos pandemisk influenza A H1N1v p?vist i Danmark

                      Det f?rste tilf?lde af resistens over for oseltamivir (Tamiflu?) hos det pandemiske influenzavirus A H1N1v er fundet i Danmark. Dette er det f?rste p?viste tilf?lde p? verdensplan.

                      Det er velkendt og forventeligt, at influenzavirus kan mutere spontant. Resistensen har ikke ?ndret virus? evne til at smitte eller fremkalde sygdom, og vurderingen er, at der fortsat er tale om en relativ mild influenza.

                      Personen er nu rask, og der er ikke p?vist yderligere smitte med det resistente virus. Den smittede var i forebyggende behandling med oseltamivir (Tamiflu?) p? grund af t?t kontakt med et tilf?lde, der var smittet i udlandet. Alligevel fik vedkommende influenzasymptomer. En pr?ve viste, at personen var inficeret med influenzavirus A H1N1v. Yderligere unders?gelser p? Statens Serum Institut har nu vist, at det p?g?ldende virus er muteret. Det er modstandsdygtigt over for det antivirale middel oseltamivir (Tamiflu?), mens zanamivir (Relenza?) fortsat kan anvendes til behandling.

                      Verdenssundhedsorganisationen WHO opfordrer p? baggrund af det danske tilf?lde til en ?get opm?rksomhed p? muligheden for udvikling af resistens hos det pandemiske influenzavirus A H1N1v.

                      En tilsvarende udvikling af resistens over for oseltamivir (Tamiflu?) er ogs? set hos det vinter-influenzavirus A H1N1, der har cirkuleret de seneste to vinters?soner.

                      Det enkelte fund i Danmark er som n?vnt ikke uventet. Det udg?r ikke en risiko for folkesundheden og giver heller ikke anledning til at ?ndre anbefalingerne for brugen af oseltamivir (Tamiflu?).

                      I Danmark f?lges situationen fortsat t?t med overv?gning af sygdomsforekomst og unders?gelse af alle isolerede influenzavirus A H1N1v.

                      (SSI)

                      Comment


                      • Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

                        Originally posted by niman View Post
                        Wild type is the scientific term for the "normal" gene. In this case, it would be an NA gene that is not Tamiflu resistant.
                        As far as information is concerned, most countries have been VERY withholding of specifics, citing privacy laws. However, countries in Europe, including Denmark, have done a very minimal level of testing. They have focused on imported cases and contacts, as described in this case/cluster, but little real data has been released.

                        Although sequences have been released promptly, the number from Denmark remains at ONE. It was collected in late April and released promptly in early May, but of course it is almost July, so there is no public data on sequences from Denmark for almost the past 2 months.

                        Thus, the recent spread of Tamiflu resistance in Denmark would not be seen in public sequences, and many other European countries also have limited positives and even fewer sequences.

                        In all liklihood, there is no sequence from the contact, which is why statements include "probably" and "appears". There is no data showing that the H1N1 in the contact who traveled overseas was infected with tamiflu sensitive (wild type) H1N1, and the only reason the H1N1 was collected from the female patient was becasue she developed flu-like symptoms while taking tamiflu.
                        Thanks for explaining Niman .

                        Comment


                        • Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

                          Originally posted by theforeigner View Post
                          I&#180;m not sure if this has any significance, but on the danish Statens Serum Institut report about the Tamiflu resistent patient "A", they also added this statement:



                          En tilsvarende udvikling af resistens over for oseltamivir (Tamiflu&#174 er ogs&#229; set hos det vinter-influenzavirus A H1N1, der har cirkuleret de seneste to vinters&#230;soner

                          My translation:
                          A corresponding development of resisitant twards oseltamivir (Tamiflu&#174 has been observed in the winter-influenzavirus A H1N1, which has circulated the last to vinter seasons






                          (SSI)
                          Yes, that is how they say H274Y without saying H274Y. This change was predicted, based on the high level in seasonal flu, and the ability of the change to jump from one genetic background to another via recombination. Those in denial about recombination think it will jump via reassortment in which the entire human NA gene from H1N1 replaces the swine NA gene. However, in this case there was no reassortment.

                          Roche maintains that the H274Y was a "random mutation" selected by the Tamiflu treatment (and wasn't in the contact or the patient intially - this is well into the "hopes and dream" category).

                          If the resistance is due to H274Y, their argument is diminished, because H274Y jumped from one H1N1 seasonal flu genetic background to another in patients NOT taking Tamiflu, because the seasonal H1N1 with H274Y was evolutionarily fit. All of the Tamiflu resistance in seasonal flu was in H1N1 and all involved H274Y.

                          A re-run in swine H1N1 is Roche's worst nightmare (and that development is pretty high on the nightmare list for most others).

                          I suspect more countries will start looking harder and H274Y will be found in many isolates from patients not taking Tamiflu in the VERY near future.

                          Comment


                          • Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

                            Originally posted by theforeigner View Post
                            Thanks for explaining Niman .
                            Here are the predictions in May (both have been recently reported)

                            <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.recombinomics.com/News/05100901/Swine_H1N1_WA_Fatality.html">Commentary</a>

                            The rapid spread in the human population increases the likelihood of co-infection with H1N1 seasonal flu and the acquisition of key polymorphisms linked to adaptation in human hosts. Two likely acquisitions are NA H274Y and PB2 E627K, which are fixed in human H1N1.

                            Comment


                            • Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

                              Originally posted by niman View Post
                              Here are the predictions in May (both have been recently reported)

                              <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.recombinomics.com/News/05100901/Swine_H1N1_WA_Fatality.html">Commentary</a>

                              The rapid spread in the human population increases the likelihood of co-infection with H1N1 seasonal flu and the acquisition of key polymorphisms linked to adaptation in human hosts. Two likely acquisitions are NA H274Y and PB2 E627K, which are fixed in human H1N1.



                              <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.recombinomics.com/News/05080901/Swine_H1N1_Mexico_Fatalities.html">Commentary</a>

                              Concerns that the virus will recombine with seasonal flu and acquire key changes such as oseltamivir resistance (H274Y), as well as PB2 E627K highlight the importance of sequence surveillance.

                              Comment


                              • Re: Denmark - Dane with novel H1N1 found resistant to Tamiflu

                                and then....what? We are left with Relenza.

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