Traduccion electronica
TUBERCULOSIS, TDR - INDIA (02): (Karnataka), solicitud de informaci?n
Date: Wed 11 de enero 2012
Fuente: DNAIndia.com [editar]
<http: www.dnaindia.com="" bangalore="" report_tb-in-its-new-avatar-arrives-in-bangalore_1636125="">
Tras el descubrimiento de cuatro casos de resistencia totalmente la droga
tuberculosis (TDR-TB) en un hospital de Mumbai hace 3 d?as, 2 confirmado
los casos de la mortal cepa nuevos de tuberculosis se han detectado en el Rajiv
Gandhi Instituto de Enfermedades en el pecho (RGICD) en Bangalore. Sin embargo, el
escenario m?s temible es la siguiente: uno de ellos, un hombre de 56 a?os de edad (el
el hospital no ha revelado su nombre), se ha ido fuga, aumentando la
la percepci?n de los niveles de amenaza mucho mayor, teniendo en cuenta que podr?a infectar
otros con la mortal cepa.
Sorprendentemente, el RGICD no ha informado al departamento de salud estatal. Dr.
Shashidhar Buggi, director, RGICD, dijo: "Si nos piden, vamos a dejar
los conocemos. Somos un instituto nacional, si el gobierno del estado solicita
nos para el informe, definitivamente vamos a darle a ellos. "
Esto explica otro motivo de preocupaci?n. Mientras que uno de los confirmados TDR-TB
los pacientes se ha perdido, el estado de salud oficiales del departamento de permanecer en
la oscuridad.
TDR-TB es una cepa de tuberculosis que no pueden ser tratados por cualquier
disponible de drogas. Esto significa que una persona afectada por esta cepa
se enfrenta a una tasa de 100 por ciento de la mortalidad y, hasta la muerte, puede infectar a muchas
otros.
Ambos casos, la TB-TDR en Bangalore fueron confirmados despu?s de la RGICD enviado
su esputo (flema) para muestras de referencia intermedio de Chennai
Laboratorio, donde las muestras dieron positivo a la mortal TDR-TB
tensi?n. El otro paciente que sufren de la TDR-TB es una de 29 a?os de edad
mujer (nombre no revelado).
"Estos pacientes estaban siendo tratados por m?s de 2,5 a?os. Despu?s de 8 meses,
cuando no estaban respondiendo a la medicaci?n, que enviaron a sus esputos
muestras al laboratorio de referencia intermedio en Chennai. Fue
entonces descubri? que ambos hab?an llegado a ser extremadamente resistente a los
Druga ? ? una condici?n llamada resistencia a los medicamentos extrema (XDR). Cuando esta
situaci?n continu? durante m?s de un a?o, se confirm? que
hab?a resistencia a m?ltiples f?rmacos (MDR). Ahora, ha sido 2 a?os desde que
ha estado recibiendo tratamiento y las pruebas han confirmado que
han TDR, "dijo el Dr. Buggi.
M?s de 498 casos de TB solo se han registrado en la RGICD desde
2005, de los cuales 230 han sido tratados y dados de alta. "En 2009, hab?a
114 casos, en 2010, hubo 74 nuevos casos. El n?mero se redujo a
50 casos de MDR en 2011 ", dijo." Hemos enviado muestras de los ocho sospechosos
TDR-TB a los pacientes a Chennai y est?n en espera de los resultados. Las pruebas
identificar los microorganismos que causan infecciones en las v?as respiratorias inferiores
v?as como la tuberculosis ", dijo.
Cuando el ADN [DNAIndia.com] trat? de ponerse en contacto con altos funcionarios de la salud, ninguna
de ellos estaban disponibles.
-
Comunicado por:
ProMED-mail de alertas HealthMap
******
[2]
Date: Wed 11 de enero 2012
Fuente: DNAIndia.com [editar]
<http: www.dnaindia.com="" bangalore="" report_its-deadly-a-tdr-tb-patient-on-the-loose_1636131="">
A pesar de que dos casos de tuberculosis totalmente resistente a los medicamentos (TDR-TB) se han
ha detectado en Bangalore, uno de los pacientes no se encuentra. Esto plantea
una grave amenaza de la r?pida propagaci?n de la mortal cepa de
_Mycobacterium Tuberculosis_, la bacteria que causa la enfermedad.
Un hombre de 56 a?os de edad, ha estado desaparecido durante dos semanas, ya que no se ha convertido
hasta en el Instituto Rajiv Gandhi de enfermedades del t?rax (RGICD) para el tratamiento
y puede ser una causa de preocupaci?n en la ciudad. "La tuberculosis se puede propagar r?pidamente. A
persona con TB, si no se tratan, pueden contagiar a otras 10 personas
a su alrededor, en promedio ", dijo Shashidhar Buggi, director de la SDS
La tuberculosis y el Hospital de T?rax y RGICD.
Ahora, este paciente es como una bomba de relojer?a. Y nadie viene
hacia adelante para informar a las autoridades sobre su paradero, o si
ha muerto.
"No sabemos por qu? dej? de venir al hospital. Pero no hemos
visto en 2 semanas. Estamos considerando la posibilidad de funcionamiento [en] el otro
paciente (una mujer de 29 a?os de edad) en funci?n de su condici?n. Pero por ahora,
no tenemos noticias de que el otro paciente ", dijo.
El paciente fuga se dice que ha estado tomando tratamiento para la tuberculosis en
la RGICD durante 2 a?os. "Hemos tenido dos casos de tuberculosis de la que hab?a sido
dar tratamiento a m?s de 8 meses. Enviamos su flema para
las pruebas en Chennai, donde se confirm? que ambos han desarrollado
extrema resistencia a los medicamentos. Despu?s de otros 6-8 meses de tratamiento, se
encontr? que sufr?an de resistencia a m?ltiples f?rmacos (MDR) ",
Buggi dijo.
Ha sido 2 a?os desde que los 2 pacientes iniciaron el tratamiento para la MDR.
Buggi dijo el RGICD hab?a enviado recientemente muestras de flemas para la prueba
en el laboratorio de referencia intermedio de Chennai, de las 10 muestras, 2 fueron
confirm? que el TDR.
[Byline: Deepthi MR]
-
Comunicado por:
ProMED-mail Relator Mary Marshall
******
[3]
Fecha: Jueves 12 de enero 2012
Fuente: DNAIndia.com [editar]
<http: www.dnaindia.com="" bangalore="" report_tdr-tb-threat-ramdas-says-rgicd-is-guessing_1636519="">
La revelaci?n de 2 confirmado totalmente resistente a los medicamentos para la tuberculosis
(TDR-TB) a Rajiv Gandhi Instituto de Enfermedades en el pecho (RGICD) ha
sacudido el Ministerio de Salud y los funcionarios que hab?an ido en un instante
modo de negaci?n, incluso cuando la culpa la RGICD por no llevar los casos
a su conocimiento.
Sin embargo, el ministro de medicina de educaci?n, salud y familia, SA
Ramdas, previo informe de ADN el mi?rcoles [11 de enero 2012], ha decidido
para constituir una comisi?n de 3 personas que presenten un informe detallado sobre la
situaci?n de la tuberculosis en el estado para el gobierno. Tambi?n
llev? a cabo una "visita sorpresa" a RGICD y declar? que ?l no es
convencido de que los dos eran casos de TB TDR ya que "los dos casos, s?lo se
confirmado por las pruebas cl?nicas y las pruebas biol?gicas no se han hecho
al mismo tiempo, confirma. "
Aleg? que RGICD s?lo ha llevado a cabo un an?lisis cl?nico de las dos
esputo pacientes que (flema) el cultivo no se llev? a cabo. ?l
culp? RGICD para adivinar que, dado que los pacientes no han respondido
a la medicaci?n durante 2 a?os, debe ser el TDR.
Las pruebas biol?gicas (tambi?n llamada la cultura y las pruebas de sensibilidad) incluyen
cultivo del esputo ser sometido a varias pruebas durante el cual
las cadenas de ADN est?n aislados.
Los test se realizan permitiendo que la bacteria "_Mycobacterium tuberculosis_"
para crecer, y varios f?rmacos que se utilizan en para indicar si el
las muestras se TDR-TB-positivo o no. Estas pruebas se realizan s?lo en
Chennai y en el Nacional de Nueva Delhi del Instituto de la tuberculosis.
Ramesh, director adjunto, Lady Willingdon Estado Tuberculosis del Centro
Revisada la Tuberculosis Programa Nacional de Control, que es un estado
administrados por el gobierno la organizaci?n, dijo: "No hemos recibido TDR
casos hasta el momento, y si Rajiv Gandhi Instituto de Enfermedades en el pecho tiene
ellos, entonces deber?a habernos informado. "A pesar de que, RGICD
Las autoridades destacan por su versi?n de que dos pacientes son de hecho
confirmado como casos de TB-TDR, uno de which? ? ? un hombre de 56 a?os de edad, es
que falta
Ramdas, sin embargo, admite que hay 56 casos de los principales m?ltiples
la tuberculosis resistente a f?rmacos (MDR-TB), y 6 casos de drogas extrema
la tuberculosis extremadamente resistente (XDR-TB).
"Hemos enviado 4,8 lakh [un lakh es una unidad en la numeraci?n del sur de Asia
sistema equivalente al 100 000 muestras de esputo] en el estado de Chennai
Intermedios de referencia de laboratorio y recibieron 68 000 casos de TB-positivo, de
las cuales 56 son MDR positivas y 6 extrema resistencia a los medicamentos [XDR]. Si
hay otros casos, seguimientos de los pacientes y darles
el tratamiento adecuado ", dijo.
No se puede negar que el Ministerio de Estado se refiere a pesar de su
La reacci?n inicial, por lo tanto, la constituci?n del comit? de tres miembros,
que con toda probabilidad se compone Dr. Suryakanth, oficial a cargo en
Nacional revisado Se?ora Willingdon Estado Tuberculosis del Centro
Programa de Control de la Tuberculosis, el Dr. Sathya Prakash, cient?fico,
Instituto Nacional contra la Tuberculosis, y el Dr. Raghupathi, m?dico residente
oficial, el estado de salud del departamento.
[Byline: Deepthi MR]
-
Comunicado por:
ProMED-mail
[Para una discusi?n de la TB-XDR-, XXDR y TDR-TB, ver el moderador
comentarios en el mensaje antes de Tuberculosis ProMED-mail, el TDR - India: (MH,
KA) 20120110.1005663.
La situaci?n relativa a la presencia de los llamados "totalmente de drogas
resistente "tuberculosis (TDR-TB) en el estado indio de Karnataka es
bastante confuso. Seg?n el informe de prensa publicado hace un d?a por
ProMED-mail (Tuberculosis, el TDR - India: (MH, KA) 20120110.1005663),
Rajiv Gandhi Instituto de Enfermedades en el pecho (RGICD), que es un
administrado por el gobierno instituto especializado en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, declar?
que no hubo ning?n caso de TDR-TB en el estado de Karnataka, de los cuales
Bangalore es la capital. Sin embargo, el primero dos noticias sobre el estado
que dos casos confirmados con el TDR-TB han sido detectados en el Rajiv
Gandhi Instituto de Enfermedades en el pecho (RGICD) en Bangalore. Sin embargo,
la noticia tercio anterior plantea interrogantes sobre la validez de la
TDR-TB diagn?stico en estos pacientes, indicando que estos diagn?sticos fueron
basado en la falta de respuesta cl?nica al tratamiento con f?rmacos, y no en las drogas
las pruebas de sensibilidad. Estamos a la espera de informaci?n adicional para dar sentido a
la situaci?n.
Un mapa de los estados de la India se puede acceder en
<http: www.globalsecurity.org="" military="" world="" india="" images="" indiamap_tourism.gif="">.
El mapa de HealthMap / ProMED-mail interactivo de la India se puede acceder en
<http: healthmap.org="" r="" 1mm2="">. - Mod.ML]
[V?ase tambi?n:
La tuberculosis, el TDR - India: (MH, KA) 20120110.1005663
2009
----
La tuberculosis, XXDR - EE.UU.: FL ex Per? 20091230.4387
La tuberculosis, MDR - China 20090114.0151
2008
----
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Austria ex Rumania 20080803.2373
La tuberculosis, MDR, XDR - Per? 20080412.1337
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Namibia 20080403.1231
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Reino Unido (Escocia), ex Somalia 20080322,1094
La tuberculosis, MDR, XDR - todo el mundo: OMS 20080228.0813
La tuberculosis, MDR - Sud?frica 20080208.0521
La tuberculosis, MDR - Papua Nueva Guinea 20080206.0478
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Botswana, Sud?frica 20080118.0222
2007
----
La tuberculosis XDR, MDR: secuencias del genoma 20071122.3780
Tuberculosis - Uganda (02): MDR, susp. RFI 20071004.3284
Tuberculosis - Uganda: la mortal cepa, RFI 20071002.3255
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (11): fugitivos 20071002,3251
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (10): Cabo Occidental 20070627,2071
La tuberculosis, la XDR - en todo el mundo (02) 20,070,623.2034
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (09): Cabo Occidental 20070604,1805
La tuberculosis XDR, la exposici?n avi?n - multinacionales (03)
20070601.1778
La tuberculosis XDR, la exposici?n avi?n - multinacional (EE.UU., Francia,
Canad?, Rep?blica Checa) 20070529.1738
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (08): Cabo Occidental 20070425,1349
La tuberculosis XDR, 2003-2006 - Europa (Alemania, Italia) 20.070.403,1132
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (07) Provincia Oriental del Cabo 20070326,1044
La tuberculosis XDR, 1993-2006 - EE.UU. 20070322.1005
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (06) 20,070,319.0959
La tuberculosis XDR, 1991-2003 - Espa?a 20070302.0738
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (05) 20070228.0717
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (04) 20070220.0638
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (03) 20,070,209.0504
La tuberculosis, la XDR - en todo el mundo 20070205.0456
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (02) 20070128.0375
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica: intervenciones 20070126.0349]
.................................................. sb / ml / msp /
ORIGINAL
TUBERCULOSIS, TDR - INDIA (02): (KARNATAKA), REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
************************************************** ******************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
[1]
Date: Wed 11 Jan 2012
Source: DNAIndia.com [edited]
<http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/re...galore_1636125>
Following the discovery of 4 cases of totally drug resistant
tuberculosis (TDR-TB) in a Mumbai hospital 3 days ago, 2 confirmed
cases with the deadly new strain of TB have been detected at the Rajiv
Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases (RGICD) in Bangalore. But the
scarier scenario is this: one among them, a 56-year-old man (the
hospital has not disclosed his name), has gone absconding, raising the
threat perception many levels higher, considering that he could infect
others with the deadly strain.
Shockingly, the RGICD has not informed the state health department. Dr
Shashidhar Buggi, director, RGICD, said: "If they ask us, we will let
them know. We are a national institute; if the state government asks
us for the report, we will definitely give it to them."
This spells another concern. While one of the confirmed TDR-TB
patients has gone missing, state health department officials remain in
the dark.
TDR-TB is a strain of tuberculosis which cannot be treated by any
available drug. This means that a person afflicted by this strain
faces a 100 percent mortality rate and, until death, can infect many
others.
Both the TDR-TB cases in Bangalore were confirmed after the RGICD sent
their sputum (phlegm) samples to Chennai's Intermediate Reference
Laboratory, where the samples tested positive for the deadly TDR-TB
strain. The other patient suffering from the TDR-TB is a 29-year-old
woman (name undisclosed).
"These patients were being treated for over 2.5 years. After 8 months,
when they were not responding to medication, we sent their sputum
samples to the Intermediate Reference Laboratory in Chennai. It was
then found that they had both become extremely resistant to the
drug‚ a condition named extreme drug resistance (XDR). When this
condition continued for more than a year, it was confirmed that they
had multi drug resistance (MDR). Now, it has been 2 years since they
have been getting treatment, and the tests have confirmed that they
have TDR," said Dr Buggi.
Over 498 cases of MDR alone have been registered with the RGICD since
2005, of which 230 have been treated and discharged. "In 2009, we had
114 cases; in 2010, there were 74 fresh cases. The number came down to
50 MDR cases in 2011," he said. "We have sent samples of 8 suspected
TDR-TB patients to Chennai and are awaiting the results. The tests
identify micro-organisms causing infections in the lower respiratory
tract like TB," he said.
When DNA [DNAIndia.com] tried contacting senior health officials, none
of them were available.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2]
Date: Wed 11 Jan 2012
Source: DNAIndia.com [edited]
<http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/re...-loose_1636131>
Even as 2 cases of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis (TDR-TB) have
been detected in Bangalore, one of the patients is missing. This poses
a grave threat of rapidly spreading the deadliest strain of
_Mycobacterium tuberculosis_, the bacterium that causes the disease.
A 56-year-old man has been missing for 2 weeks, as he has not turned
up at Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Chest Diseases (RGICD) for treatment
and may be a cause of concern in the city. "TB can spread fast. A
person with TB, if not treated, can spread it to 10 other people
around him, on average," said Shashidhar Buggi, director of SDS
Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Hospital and RGICD.
Now, this patient is like a ticking time-bomb. And nobody is coming
forward to inform the authorities about his whereabouts, or whether he
has died.
"We don't know why he stopped coming to the hospital. But we have not
seen him in 2 weeks. We are now considering operating [on] the other
patient (a 29-year-old woman) depending on her condition. But for now,
we have no news of the other patient," he said.
The absconding patient is said to have been taking treatment for TB at
the RGICD for 2 years. "We had 2 cases of TB for which we had been
giving treatment for more than 8 months. We sent their phlegm for
testing in Chennai, where it was confirmed that both have developed
extreme drug resistance. After another 6-8 months of treatment, it was
found that they were suffering from multi-drug resistance (MDR),"
Buggi said.
It has been 2 years since the 2 patients started treatment for MDR.
Buggi said the RGICD had recently sent samples of phlegm for testing
at Chennai's Intermediate Reference Lab; out of the 10 samples, 2 were
confirmed to have TDR.
[Byline: Deepthi MR]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Mary Marshall
******
[3]
Date: Thu 12 Jan 2012
Source: DNAIndia.com [edited]
<http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/re...essing_1636519>
The revelation of 2 confirmed totally drug resistant-tuberculosis
(TDR-TB) cases at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases (RGICD) has
shaken the health ministry and officials who had instantly gone into a
denial mode, even as they blame the RGICD for not bringing the cases
to their notice.
However, minister for medical education, health and family welfare, SA
Ramdas, following a DNA report on Wednesday [11 Jan 2012], has decided
to constitute a 3-man committee to submit a detailed report on the
status of tuberculosis in the state to the government. He also
conducted a "surprise visit" to RGICD and declared that he is not
convinced that the 2 were TDR-TB cases because "the 2 cases were only
confirmed by clinical tests, and biological tests have not been done
while confirming them."
He alleged that RGICD has only conducted a clinical analysis of the 2
patients wherein sputum (phlegm) culturing was not conducted. He
blamed RGICD for guessing that, since the patients have not responded
to the medication for 2 years, it must be TDR.
Biological tests (also called culture and sensitivity tests) include
culture of the sputum being subjected to multiple tests during which
the DNA strands are isolated.
The tests involve allowing the bacteria "_Mycobacterium tuberculosis_"
to grow, and various drugs are used on it to indicate whether the
samples are TDR-TB-positive or not. These tests are conducted only in
Chennai and at New Delhi's National Institute of Tuberculosis.
Ramesh, joint director, Lady Willingdon State Tuberculosis Centre's
Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, which is a state
government-administered organisation, said: "We have not received TDR
cases so far, and if Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Chest Diseases has
them, then they should have informed us." Despite that, RGICD
authorities stand by their version that 2 patients are indeed
confirmed as TDR-TB cases, one of which‚ a 56-year-old man, is
missing
Ramdas, however, does admit that there are 56 cases of major multi
drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and 6 cases of extreme drug
resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).
"We have sent 4.8 lakh [a lakh is a unit in the South Asian numbering
system equal to 100 000] sputum samples from the state to Chennai's
Intermediate Reference Lab and received 68 000 TB-positive cases, of
which 56 are MDR positive and 6 have extreme drug resistance [XDR]. If
there are other cases, we will trace the patients and give them
appropriate treatment," he said.
There is no denying that the state ministry is concerned despite its
initial reaction, hence the constitution of the 3-member committee,
which in all likelihood comprises Dr Suryakanth, officer in-charge at
Lady Willingdon State Tuberculosis Centre's Revised National
Tuberculosis Control Programme; Dr Sathya Prakash, senior scientist,
National Tuberculosis Institute; and Dr Raghupathi, resident medical
officer, state health department.
[Byline: Deepthi MR]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[For a discussion of MDR-, XDR-, XXDR- and TDR-TB, see the moderator's
comments in the prior ProMED-mail post Tuberculosis, TDR - India: (MH,
KA) 20120110.1005663.
The situation concerning the presence of so-called "totally drug
resistant" tuberculosis (TDR-TB) in the Indian state of Karnataka is
quite confusing. According to the news report posted one day ago by
ProMED-mail (Tuberculosis, TDR - India: (MH, KA) 20120110.1005663),
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases (RGICD), which is a
government-run institute specializing in treating tuberculosis, stated
that there were no cases of TDR-TB in the state of Karnataka, of which
Bangalore is the capital. However, the 1st 2 news reports above state
that 2 confirmed cases with TDR-TB have been detected at the Rajiv
Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases (RGICD) in Bangalore. Nevertheless,
the 3rd news report above raises questions about the validity of the
TDR-TB diagnosis in these patients, stating that these diagnoses were
based on lack of clinical response to drug therapy, not on drug
susceptibility testing. We await further information to make sense of
the situation.
A map of the states of India can be accessed at
<http://www.globalsecurity.org/milita...ap_tourism.gif>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/1mm2>. - Mod.ML]
[see also:
Tuberculosis, TDR - India: (MH, KA) 20120110.1005663
2009
----
Tuberculosis, XXDR - USA: FL ex Peru 20091230.4387
Tuberculosis, MDR - China 20090114.0151
2008
----
Tuberculosis, XDR - Austria ex Romania 20080803.2373
Tuberculosis, MDR, XDR - Peru 20080412.1337
Tuberculosis, XDR - Namibia 20080403.1231
Tuberculosis, XDR - UK (Scotland) ex Somalia 20080322.1094
Tuberculosis, MDR, XDR - Worldwide: WHO 20080228.0813
Tuberculosis, MDR - South Africa 20080208.0521
Tuberculosis, MDR - Papua New Guinea 20080206.0478
Tuberculosis, XDR - Botswana, South Africa 20080118.0222
2007
----
Tuberculosis, XDR, MDR: genome sequences 20071122.3780
Tuberculosis - Uganda (02): MDR, susp. RFI 20071004.3284
Tuberculosis - Uganda: deadly strain, RFI 20071002.3255
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (11): fugitives 20071002.3251
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (10): Western Cape 20070627.2071
Tuberculosis, XDR - worldwide (02) 20070623.2034
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (09): Western Cape 20070604.1805
Tuberculosis, XDR, airplane exposure - multicountry (03)
20070601.1778
Tuberculosis, XDR, airplane exposure - multicountry (USA, France,
Canada, Czech Rep.) 20070529.1738
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (08): Western Cape 20070425.1349
Tuberculosis, XDR, 2003-2006 - Europe (Germany, Italy) 20070403.1132
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (07): Eastern Cape 20070326.1044
Tuberculosis, XDR, 1993-2006 - USA 20070322.1005
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (06) 20070319.0959
Tuberculosis, XDR, 1991-2003 - Spain 20070302.0738
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (05) 20070228.0717
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (04) 20070220.0638
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (03) 20070209.0504
Tuberculosis, XDR - worldwide 20070205.0456
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (02) 20070128.0375
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa: interventions 20070126.0349]
.................................................. sb/ml/msp/dk</http:></http:></promed@promedmail.org></http:></http:></promed@promedmail.org></http:>
TUBERCULOSIS, TDR - INDIA (02): (Karnataka), solicitud de informaci?n
Date: Wed 11 de enero 2012
Fuente: DNAIndia.com [editar]
<http: www.dnaindia.com="" bangalore="" report_tb-in-its-new-avatar-arrives-in-bangalore_1636125="">
Tras el descubrimiento de cuatro casos de resistencia totalmente la droga
tuberculosis (TDR-TB) en un hospital de Mumbai hace 3 d?as, 2 confirmado
los casos de la mortal cepa nuevos de tuberculosis se han detectado en el Rajiv
Gandhi Instituto de Enfermedades en el pecho (RGICD) en Bangalore. Sin embargo, el
escenario m?s temible es la siguiente: uno de ellos, un hombre de 56 a?os de edad (el
el hospital no ha revelado su nombre), se ha ido fuga, aumentando la
la percepci?n de los niveles de amenaza mucho mayor, teniendo en cuenta que podr?a infectar
otros con la mortal cepa.
Sorprendentemente, el RGICD no ha informado al departamento de salud estatal. Dr.
Shashidhar Buggi, director, RGICD, dijo: "Si nos piden, vamos a dejar
los conocemos. Somos un instituto nacional, si el gobierno del estado solicita
nos para el informe, definitivamente vamos a darle a ellos. "
Esto explica otro motivo de preocupaci?n. Mientras que uno de los confirmados TDR-TB
los pacientes se ha perdido, el estado de salud oficiales del departamento de permanecer en
la oscuridad.
TDR-TB es una cepa de tuberculosis que no pueden ser tratados por cualquier
disponible de drogas. Esto significa que una persona afectada por esta cepa
se enfrenta a una tasa de 100 por ciento de la mortalidad y, hasta la muerte, puede infectar a muchas
otros.
Ambos casos, la TB-TDR en Bangalore fueron confirmados despu?s de la RGICD enviado
su esputo (flema) para muestras de referencia intermedio de Chennai
Laboratorio, donde las muestras dieron positivo a la mortal TDR-TB
tensi?n. El otro paciente que sufren de la TDR-TB es una de 29 a?os de edad
mujer (nombre no revelado).
"Estos pacientes estaban siendo tratados por m?s de 2,5 a?os. Despu?s de 8 meses,
cuando no estaban respondiendo a la medicaci?n, que enviaron a sus esputos
muestras al laboratorio de referencia intermedio en Chennai. Fue
entonces descubri? que ambos hab?an llegado a ser extremadamente resistente a los
Druga ? ? una condici?n llamada resistencia a los medicamentos extrema (XDR). Cuando esta
situaci?n continu? durante m?s de un a?o, se confirm? que
hab?a resistencia a m?ltiples f?rmacos (MDR). Ahora, ha sido 2 a?os desde que
ha estado recibiendo tratamiento y las pruebas han confirmado que
han TDR, "dijo el Dr. Buggi.
M?s de 498 casos de TB solo se han registrado en la RGICD desde
2005, de los cuales 230 han sido tratados y dados de alta. "En 2009, hab?a
114 casos, en 2010, hubo 74 nuevos casos. El n?mero se redujo a
50 casos de MDR en 2011 ", dijo." Hemos enviado muestras de los ocho sospechosos
TDR-TB a los pacientes a Chennai y est?n en espera de los resultados. Las pruebas
identificar los microorganismos que causan infecciones en las v?as respiratorias inferiores
v?as como la tuberculosis ", dijo.
Cuando el ADN [DNAIndia.com] trat? de ponerse en contacto con altos funcionarios de la salud, ninguna
de ellos estaban disponibles.
-
Comunicado por:
ProMED-mail de alertas HealthMap
******
[2]
Date: Wed 11 de enero 2012
Fuente: DNAIndia.com [editar]
<http: www.dnaindia.com="" bangalore="" report_its-deadly-a-tdr-tb-patient-on-the-loose_1636131="">
A pesar de que dos casos de tuberculosis totalmente resistente a los medicamentos (TDR-TB) se han
ha detectado en Bangalore, uno de los pacientes no se encuentra. Esto plantea
una grave amenaza de la r?pida propagaci?n de la mortal cepa de
_Mycobacterium Tuberculosis_, la bacteria que causa la enfermedad.
Un hombre de 56 a?os de edad, ha estado desaparecido durante dos semanas, ya que no se ha convertido
hasta en el Instituto Rajiv Gandhi de enfermedades del t?rax (RGICD) para el tratamiento
y puede ser una causa de preocupaci?n en la ciudad. "La tuberculosis se puede propagar r?pidamente. A
persona con TB, si no se tratan, pueden contagiar a otras 10 personas
a su alrededor, en promedio ", dijo Shashidhar Buggi, director de la SDS
La tuberculosis y el Hospital de T?rax y RGICD.
Ahora, este paciente es como una bomba de relojer?a. Y nadie viene
hacia adelante para informar a las autoridades sobre su paradero, o si
ha muerto.
"No sabemos por qu? dej? de venir al hospital. Pero no hemos
visto en 2 semanas. Estamos considerando la posibilidad de funcionamiento [en] el otro
paciente (una mujer de 29 a?os de edad) en funci?n de su condici?n. Pero por ahora,
no tenemos noticias de que el otro paciente ", dijo.
El paciente fuga se dice que ha estado tomando tratamiento para la tuberculosis en
la RGICD durante 2 a?os. "Hemos tenido dos casos de tuberculosis de la que hab?a sido
dar tratamiento a m?s de 8 meses. Enviamos su flema para
las pruebas en Chennai, donde se confirm? que ambos han desarrollado
extrema resistencia a los medicamentos. Despu?s de otros 6-8 meses de tratamiento, se
encontr? que sufr?an de resistencia a m?ltiples f?rmacos (MDR) ",
Buggi dijo.
Ha sido 2 a?os desde que los 2 pacientes iniciaron el tratamiento para la MDR.
Buggi dijo el RGICD hab?a enviado recientemente muestras de flemas para la prueba
en el laboratorio de referencia intermedio de Chennai, de las 10 muestras, 2 fueron
confirm? que el TDR.
[Byline: Deepthi MR]
-
Comunicado por:
ProMED-mail Relator Mary Marshall
******
[3]
Fecha: Jueves 12 de enero 2012
Fuente: DNAIndia.com [editar]
<http: www.dnaindia.com="" bangalore="" report_tdr-tb-threat-ramdas-says-rgicd-is-guessing_1636519="">
La revelaci?n de 2 confirmado totalmente resistente a los medicamentos para la tuberculosis
(TDR-TB) a Rajiv Gandhi Instituto de Enfermedades en el pecho (RGICD) ha
sacudido el Ministerio de Salud y los funcionarios que hab?an ido en un instante
modo de negaci?n, incluso cuando la culpa la RGICD por no llevar los casos
a su conocimiento.
Sin embargo, el ministro de medicina de educaci?n, salud y familia, SA
Ramdas, previo informe de ADN el mi?rcoles [11 de enero 2012], ha decidido
para constituir una comisi?n de 3 personas que presenten un informe detallado sobre la
situaci?n de la tuberculosis en el estado para el gobierno. Tambi?n
llev? a cabo una "visita sorpresa" a RGICD y declar? que ?l no es
convencido de que los dos eran casos de TB TDR ya que "los dos casos, s?lo se
confirmado por las pruebas cl?nicas y las pruebas biol?gicas no se han hecho
al mismo tiempo, confirma. "
Aleg? que RGICD s?lo ha llevado a cabo un an?lisis cl?nico de las dos
esputo pacientes que (flema) el cultivo no se llev? a cabo. ?l
culp? RGICD para adivinar que, dado que los pacientes no han respondido
a la medicaci?n durante 2 a?os, debe ser el TDR.
Las pruebas biol?gicas (tambi?n llamada la cultura y las pruebas de sensibilidad) incluyen
cultivo del esputo ser sometido a varias pruebas durante el cual
las cadenas de ADN est?n aislados.
Los test se realizan permitiendo que la bacteria "_Mycobacterium tuberculosis_"
para crecer, y varios f?rmacos que se utilizan en para indicar si el
las muestras se TDR-TB-positivo o no. Estas pruebas se realizan s?lo en
Chennai y en el Nacional de Nueva Delhi del Instituto de la tuberculosis.
Ramesh, director adjunto, Lady Willingdon Estado Tuberculosis del Centro
Revisada la Tuberculosis Programa Nacional de Control, que es un estado
administrados por el gobierno la organizaci?n, dijo: "No hemos recibido TDR
casos hasta el momento, y si Rajiv Gandhi Instituto de Enfermedades en el pecho tiene
ellos, entonces deber?a habernos informado. "A pesar de que, RGICD
Las autoridades destacan por su versi?n de que dos pacientes son de hecho
confirmado como casos de TB-TDR, uno de which? ? ? un hombre de 56 a?os de edad, es
que falta
Ramdas, sin embargo, admite que hay 56 casos de los principales m?ltiples
la tuberculosis resistente a f?rmacos (MDR-TB), y 6 casos de drogas extrema
la tuberculosis extremadamente resistente (XDR-TB).
"Hemos enviado 4,8 lakh [un lakh es una unidad en la numeraci?n del sur de Asia
sistema equivalente al 100 000 muestras de esputo] en el estado de Chennai
Intermedios de referencia de laboratorio y recibieron 68 000 casos de TB-positivo, de
las cuales 56 son MDR positivas y 6 extrema resistencia a los medicamentos [XDR]. Si
hay otros casos, seguimientos de los pacientes y darles
el tratamiento adecuado ", dijo.
No se puede negar que el Ministerio de Estado se refiere a pesar de su
La reacci?n inicial, por lo tanto, la constituci?n del comit? de tres miembros,
que con toda probabilidad se compone Dr. Suryakanth, oficial a cargo en
Nacional revisado Se?ora Willingdon Estado Tuberculosis del Centro
Programa de Control de la Tuberculosis, el Dr. Sathya Prakash, cient?fico,
Instituto Nacional contra la Tuberculosis, y el Dr. Raghupathi, m?dico residente
oficial, el estado de salud del departamento.
[Byline: Deepthi MR]
-
Comunicado por:
ProMED-mail
[Para una discusi?n de la TB-XDR-, XXDR y TDR-TB, ver el moderador
comentarios en el mensaje antes de Tuberculosis ProMED-mail, el TDR - India: (MH,
KA) 20120110.1005663.
La situaci?n relativa a la presencia de los llamados "totalmente de drogas
resistente "tuberculosis (TDR-TB) en el estado indio de Karnataka es
bastante confuso. Seg?n el informe de prensa publicado hace un d?a por
ProMED-mail (Tuberculosis, el TDR - India: (MH, KA) 20120110.1005663),
Rajiv Gandhi Instituto de Enfermedades en el pecho (RGICD), que es un
administrado por el gobierno instituto especializado en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, declar?
que no hubo ning?n caso de TDR-TB en el estado de Karnataka, de los cuales
Bangalore es la capital. Sin embargo, el primero dos noticias sobre el estado
que dos casos confirmados con el TDR-TB han sido detectados en el Rajiv
Gandhi Instituto de Enfermedades en el pecho (RGICD) en Bangalore. Sin embargo,
la noticia tercio anterior plantea interrogantes sobre la validez de la
TDR-TB diagn?stico en estos pacientes, indicando que estos diagn?sticos fueron
basado en la falta de respuesta cl?nica al tratamiento con f?rmacos, y no en las drogas
las pruebas de sensibilidad. Estamos a la espera de informaci?n adicional para dar sentido a
la situaci?n.
Un mapa de los estados de la India se puede acceder en
<http: www.globalsecurity.org="" military="" world="" india="" images="" indiamap_tourism.gif="">.
El mapa de HealthMap / ProMED-mail interactivo de la India se puede acceder en
<http: healthmap.org="" r="" 1mm2="">. - Mod.ML]
[V?ase tambi?n:
La tuberculosis, el TDR - India: (MH, KA) 20120110.1005663
2009
----
La tuberculosis, XXDR - EE.UU.: FL ex Per? 20091230.4387
La tuberculosis, MDR - China 20090114.0151
2008
----
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Austria ex Rumania 20080803.2373
La tuberculosis, MDR, XDR - Per? 20080412.1337
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Namibia 20080403.1231
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Reino Unido (Escocia), ex Somalia 20080322,1094
La tuberculosis, MDR, XDR - todo el mundo: OMS 20080228.0813
La tuberculosis, MDR - Sud?frica 20080208.0521
La tuberculosis, MDR - Papua Nueva Guinea 20080206.0478
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Botswana, Sud?frica 20080118.0222
2007
----
La tuberculosis XDR, MDR: secuencias del genoma 20071122.3780
Tuberculosis - Uganda (02): MDR, susp. RFI 20071004.3284
Tuberculosis - Uganda: la mortal cepa, RFI 20071002.3255
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (11): fugitivos 20071002,3251
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (10): Cabo Occidental 20070627,2071
La tuberculosis, la XDR - en todo el mundo (02) 20,070,623.2034
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (09): Cabo Occidental 20070604,1805
La tuberculosis XDR, la exposici?n avi?n - multinacionales (03)
20070601.1778
La tuberculosis XDR, la exposici?n avi?n - multinacional (EE.UU., Francia,
Canad?, Rep?blica Checa) 20070529.1738
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (08): Cabo Occidental 20070425,1349
La tuberculosis XDR, 2003-2006 - Europa (Alemania, Italia) 20.070.403,1132
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (07) Provincia Oriental del Cabo 20070326,1044
La tuberculosis XDR, 1993-2006 - EE.UU. 20070322.1005
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (06) 20,070,319.0959
La tuberculosis XDR, 1991-2003 - Espa?a 20070302.0738
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (05) 20070228.0717
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (04) 20070220.0638
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (03) 20,070,209.0504
La tuberculosis, la XDR - en todo el mundo 20070205.0456
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica (02) 20070128.0375
La tuberculosis, la XDR - Sud?frica: intervenciones 20070126.0349]
.................................................. sb / ml / msp /
ORIGINAL
TUBERCULOSIS, TDR - INDIA (02): (KARNATAKA), REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
************************************************** ******************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
[1]
Date: Wed 11 Jan 2012
Source: DNAIndia.com [edited]
<http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/re...galore_1636125>
Following the discovery of 4 cases of totally drug resistant
tuberculosis (TDR-TB) in a Mumbai hospital 3 days ago, 2 confirmed
cases with the deadly new strain of TB have been detected at the Rajiv
Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases (RGICD) in Bangalore. But the
scarier scenario is this: one among them, a 56-year-old man (the
hospital has not disclosed his name), has gone absconding, raising the
threat perception many levels higher, considering that he could infect
others with the deadly strain.
Shockingly, the RGICD has not informed the state health department. Dr
Shashidhar Buggi, director, RGICD, said: "If they ask us, we will let
them know. We are a national institute; if the state government asks
us for the report, we will definitely give it to them."
This spells another concern. While one of the confirmed TDR-TB
patients has gone missing, state health department officials remain in
the dark.
TDR-TB is a strain of tuberculosis which cannot be treated by any
available drug. This means that a person afflicted by this strain
faces a 100 percent mortality rate and, until death, can infect many
others.
Both the TDR-TB cases in Bangalore were confirmed after the RGICD sent
their sputum (phlegm) samples to Chennai's Intermediate Reference
Laboratory, where the samples tested positive for the deadly TDR-TB
strain. The other patient suffering from the TDR-TB is a 29-year-old
woman (name undisclosed).
"These patients were being treated for over 2.5 years. After 8 months,
when they were not responding to medication, we sent their sputum
samples to the Intermediate Reference Laboratory in Chennai. It was
then found that they had both become extremely resistant to the
drug‚ a condition named extreme drug resistance (XDR). When this
condition continued for more than a year, it was confirmed that they
had multi drug resistance (MDR). Now, it has been 2 years since they
have been getting treatment, and the tests have confirmed that they
have TDR," said Dr Buggi.
Over 498 cases of MDR alone have been registered with the RGICD since
2005, of which 230 have been treated and discharged. "In 2009, we had
114 cases; in 2010, there were 74 fresh cases. The number came down to
50 MDR cases in 2011," he said. "We have sent samples of 8 suspected
TDR-TB patients to Chennai and are awaiting the results. The tests
identify micro-organisms causing infections in the lower respiratory
tract like TB," he said.
When DNA [DNAIndia.com] tried contacting senior health officials, none
of them were available.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap alerts
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2]
Date: Wed 11 Jan 2012
Source: DNAIndia.com [edited]
<http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/re...-loose_1636131>
Even as 2 cases of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis (TDR-TB) have
been detected in Bangalore, one of the patients is missing. This poses
a grave threat of rapidly spreading the deadliest strain of
_Mycobacterium tuberculosis_, the bacterium that causes the disease.
A 56-year-old man has been missing for 2 weeks, as he has not turned
up at Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Chest Diseases (RGICD) for treatment
and may be a cause of concern in the city. "TB can spread fast. A
person with TB, if not treated, can spread it to 10 other people
around him, on average," said Shashidhar Buggi, director of SDS
Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Hospital and RGICD.
Now, this patient is like a ticking time-bomb. And nobody is coming
forward to inform the authorities about his whereabouts, or whether he
has died.
"We don't know why he stopped coming to the hospital. But we have not
seen him in 2 weeks. We are now considering operating [on] the other
patient (a 29-year-old woman) depending on her condition. But for now,
we have no news of the other patient," he said.
The absconding patient is said to have been taking treatment for TB at
the RGICD for 2 years. "We had 2 cases of TB for which we had been
giving treatment for more than 8 months. We sent their phlegm for
testing in Chennai, where it was confirmed that both have developed
extreme drug resistance. After another 6-8 months of treatment, it was
found that they were suffering from multi-drug resistance (MDR),"
Buggi said.
It has been 2 years since the 2 patients started treatment for MDR.
Buggi said the RGICD had recently sent samples of phlegm for testing
at Chennai's Intermediate Reference Lab; out of the 10 samples, 2 were
confirmed to have TDR.
[Byline: Deepthi MR]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Mary Marshall
******
[3]
Date: Thu 12 Jan 2012
Source: DNAIndia.com [edited]
<http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/re...essing_1636519>
The revelation of 2 confirmed totally drug resistant-tuberculosis
(TDR-TB) cases at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases (RGICD) has
shaken the health ministry and officials who had instantly gone into a
denial mode, even as they blame the RGICD for not bringing the cases
to their notice.
However, minister for medical education, health and family welfare, SA
Ramdas, following a DNA report on Wednesday [11 Jan 2012], has decided
to constitute a 3-man committee to submit a detailed report on the
status of tuberculosis in the state to the government. He also
conducted a "surprise visit" to RGICD and declared that he is not
convinced that the 2 were TDR-TB cases because "the 2 cases were only
confirmed by clinical tests, and biological tests have not been done
while confirming them."
He alleged that RGICD has only conducted a clinical analysis of the 2
patients wherein sputum (phlegm) culturing was not conducted. He
blamed RGICD for guessing that, since the patients have not responded
to the medication for 2 years, it must be TDR.
Biological tests (also called culture and sensitivity tests) include
culture of the sputum being subjected to multiple tests during which
the DNA strands are isolated.
The tests involve allowing the bacteria "_Mycobacterium tuberculosis_"
to grow, and various drugs are used on it to indicate whether the
samples are TDR-TB-positive or not. These tests are conducted only in
Chennai and at New Delhi's National Institute of Tuberculosis.
Ramesh, joint director, Lady Willingdon State Tuberculosis Centre's
Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, which is a state
government-administered organisation, said: "We have not received TDR
cases so far, and if Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Chest Diseases has
them, then they should have informed us." Despite that, RGICD
authorities stand by their version that 2 patients are indeed
confirmed as TDR-TB cases, one of which‚ a 56-year-old man, is
missing
Ramdas, however, does admit that there are 56 cases of major multi
drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and 6 cases of extreme drug
resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).
"We have sent 4.8 lakh [a lakh is a unit in the South Asian numbering
system equal to 100 000] sputum samples from the state to Chennai's
Intermediate Reference Lab and received 68 000 TB-positive cases, of
which 56 are MDR positive and 6 have extreme drug resistance [XDR]. If
there are other cases, we will trace the patients and give them
appropriate treatment," he said.
There is no denying that the state ministry is concerned despite its
initial reaction, hence the constitution of the 3-member committee,
which in all likelihood comprises Dr Suryakanth, officer in-charge at
Lady Willingdon State Tuberculosis Centre's Revised National
Tuberculosis Control Programme; Dr Sathya Prakash, senior scientist,
National Tuberculosis Institute; and Dr Raghupathi, resident medical
officer, state health department.
[Byline: Deepthi MR]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[For a discussion of MDR-, XDR-, XXDR- and TDR-TB, see the moderator's
comments in the prior ProMED-mail post Tuberculosis, TDR - India: (MH,
KA) 20120110.1005663.
The situation concerning the presence of so-called "totally drug
resistant" tuberculosis (TDR-TB) in the Indian state of Karnataka is
quite confusing. According to the news report posted one day ago by
ProMED-mail (Tuberculosis, TDR - India: (MH, KA) 20120110.1005663),
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases (RGICD), which is a
government-run institute specializing in treating tuberculosis, stated
that there were no cases of TDR-TB in the state of Karnataka, of which
Bangalore is the capital. However, the 1st 2 news reports above state
that 2 confirmed cases with TDR-TB have been detected at the Rajiv
Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases (RGICD) in Bangalore. Nevertheless,
the 3rd news report above raises questions about the validity of the
TDR-TB diagnosis in these patients, stating that these diagnoses were
based on lack of clinical response to drug therapy, not on drug
susceptibility testing. We await further information to make sense of
the situation.
A map of the states of India can be accessed at
<http://www.globalsecurity.org/milita...ap_tourism.gif>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of India can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/1mm2>. - Mod.ML]
[see also:
Tuberculosis, TDR - India: (MH, KA) 20120110.1005663
2009
----
Tuberculosis, XXDR - USA: FL ex Peru 20091230.4387
Tuberculosis, MDR - China 20090114.0151
2008
----
Tuberculosis, XDR - Austria ex Romania 20080803.2373
Tuberculosis, MDR, XDR - Peru 20080412.1337
Tuberculosis, XDR - Namibia 20080403.1231
Tuberculosis, XDR - UK (Scotland) ex Somalia 20080322.1094
Tuberculosis, MDR, XDR - Worldwide: WHO 20080228.0813
Tuberculosis, MDR - South Africa 20080208.0521
Tuberculosis, MDR - Papua New Guinea 20080206.0478
Tuberculosis, XDR - Botswana, South Africa 20080118.0222
2007
----
Tuberculosis, XDR, MDR: genome sequences 20071122.3780
Tuberculosis - Uganda (02): MDR, susp. RFI 20071004.3284
Tuberculosis - Uganda: deadly strain, RFI 20071002.3255
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (11): fugitives 20071002.3251
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (10): Western Cape 20070627.2071
Tuberculosis, XDR - worldwide (02) 20070623.2034
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (09): Western Cape 20070604.1805
Tuberculosis, XDR, airplane exposure - multicountry (03)
20070601.1778
Tuberculosis, XDR, airplane exposure - multicountry (USA, France,
Canada, Czech Rep.) 20070529.1738
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (08): Western Cape 20070425.1349
Tuberculosis, XDR, 2003-2006 - Europe (Germany, Italy) 20070403.1132
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (07): Eastern Cape 20070326.1044
Tuberculosis, XDR, 1993-2006 - USA 20070322.1005
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (06) 20070319.0959
Tuberculosis, XDR, 1991-2003 - Spain 20070302.0738
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (05) 20070228.0717
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (04) 20070220.0638
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (03) 20070209.0504
Tuberculosis, XDR - worldwide 20070205.0456
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa (02) 20070128.0375
Tuberculosis, XDR - South Africa: interventions 20070126.0349]
.................................................. sb/ml/msp/dk</http:></http:></promed@promedmail.org></http:></http:></promed@promedmail.org></http:>
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