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Euro Surveill. Surveillance of tularaemia in Kosovo*, 2001 to 2010
[Source: Eurosurveillance, full text: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
R Grunow (
)<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,2</SUP>, A Kalaveshi<SUP>2</SUP><SUP>,3</SUP>, A K?hn<SUP>1</SUP>, G Mulliqi-Osmani<SUP>3</SUP>, N Ramadani<SUP>3</SUP>
Citation style for this article: Grunow R, Kalaveshi A, K?hn A, Mulliqi-Osmani G, Ramadani N. Surveillance of tularaemia in Kosovo*, 2001 to 2010. Euro Surveill. 2012;17(28):pii=20217. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/View...rticleId=20217
Date of submission: 29 June 2011 <HR>Tularaemia, caused by Francisella tularensis, had not been registered in Kosovo* before an outbreak in 1999 and 2000. A national surveillance system has been implemented in Kosovo* since 2000 to monitor a number of diseases, including tularaemia. Antibody detection in human sera was used for laboratory diagnosis of tularaemia and F. tularensis lipopolysaccharide antigen was used as a marker of infection. The purpose of this study is to describe the incidence of tularaemia in Kosovo* after the 1999?00 outbreak. In 2001 and 2002, a second outbreak occurred, with 327 serologically confirmed cases. From 2001 to 2010, 25?327 cases were registered per year, giving a mean annual incidence of 5.2 per 100,000 population. The most likely sources of infection were contaminated drinking water and food. The dominant clinical manifestations were the glandular (79%) and ulcero-glandular (21%) forms. By 2010, the disease had spread throughout Kosovo*. Presumably as a result of war and subsequent environmental disruption, mass population displacement and breakdown of sanitation and hygiene, the two major outbreaks of tularaemia resulted in the establishment of an active endemic area of tularaemia in Kosovo*.
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Eurosurveillance, Volume 17, Issue 28, 12 July 2012
Surveillance and outbreak reports
Surveillance of tularaemia in Kosovo*, 2001 to 2010
Surveillance and outbreak reports
Surveillance of tularaemia in Kosovo*, 2001 to 2010
R Grunow (
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Security (ZBS 2), Berlin, Germany
- The first two authors contributed equally to the paper
- National Institute of Public Health of Kosovo*, Department of Microbiology, Pristina, Kosovo*
Citation style for this article: Grunow R, Kalaveshi A, K?hn A, Mulliqi-Osmani G, Ramadani N. Surveillance of tularaemia in Kosovo*, 2001 to 2010. Euro Surveill. 2012;17(28):pii=20217. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/View...rticleId=20217
Date of submission: 29 June 2011 <HR>Tularaemia, caused by Francisella tularensis, had not been registered in Kosovo* before an outbreak in 1999 and 2000. A national surveillance system has been implemented in Kosovo* since 2000 to monitor a number of diseases, including tularaemia. Antibody detection in human sera was used for laboratory diagnosis of tularaemia and F. tularensis lipopolysaccharide antigen was used as a marker of infection. The purpose of this study is to describe the incidence of tularaemia in Kosovo* after the 1999?00 outbreak. In 2001 and 2002, a second outbreak occurred, with 327 serologically confirmed cases. From 2001 to 2010, 25?327 cases were registered per year, giving a mean annual incidence of 5.2 per 100,000 population. The most likely sources of infection were contaminated drinking water and food. The dominant clinical manifestations were the glandular (79%) and ulcero-glandular (21%) forms. By 2010, the disease had spread throughout Kosovo*. Presumably as a result of war and subsequent environmental disruption, mass population displacement and breakdown of sanitation and hygiene, the two major outbreaks of tularaemia resulted in the establishment of an active endemic area of tularaemia in Kosovo*.