Rwanda - 8 new outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in cattle in farms, Kirehe, Ngoma (OIE, August 10, 2018)

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Rift Valley fever, Rwanda

Information received on 10/08/2018 from Dr Th?og?ne Rutagwenda, Director, Rwanda Animal Resources Development Authority (RARDA), Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources , Kigali, Rwanda

Summary Report type Immediate notification Date of start of the event 18/05/2018 Date of confirmation of the event 06/06/2018 Report date 10/08/2018 Date submitted to OIE 10/08/2018 Reason for notification Recurrence of a listed disease Date of previous occurrence 11/2017 Manifestation of disease Clinical disease Causal agent Rift Valley fever virus Nature of diagnosis Clinical, Laboratory (advanced), Necropsy This event pertains to a defined zone within the country

New outbreaks (8)

Outbreak 1 Karenge, Kigarama, Camigurwa, Mushikiri, Kirehe Date of start of the outbreak 18/05/2018 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Farm Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Cattle 3 3 0 0 0 Affected population Dairy cows which have aborted.

Outbreak 2 Bwiza, Nyabikokora , Kirehe, Kirehe Date of start of the outbreak 18/05/2018 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Farm Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Cattle 3 3 0 0 0 Affected population Dairy cows which have aborted.

Outbreak 3 Gahama, Munini, Kamasaro, Rwesero , Kirehe, Kirehe Date of start of the outbreak 18/05/2018 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Farm Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Cattle 6 6 0 0 0 Affected population Dairy cows which have aborted.

Outbreak 4 Umukiza, Kabeza, Kinunga, Remera , Ngoma Date of start of the outbreak 18/05/2018 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Farm Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Cattle 6 1 0 0 0 Affected population Dairy cows (5) and a calf; one animal is in the process of abortion.

Outbreak 5 Nyakabingo, Nyamagana , Remera, Ngoma Date of start of the outbreak 18/05/2018 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Farm Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Cattle 3 1 1 0 0 Affected population Two dairy cows (one died) and a newborn calf.

Outbreak 6 Rurama, Gatare, Buliba, Rukira, Ngoma Date of start of the outbreak 18/05/2018 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Farm Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Cattle 3 3 0 0 0 Affected population Dairy cows which have aborted.

Outbreak 7 Agatare, Nyaruvumu , Rukira, Ngoma Date of start of the outbreak 18/05/2018 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Farm Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Cattle 2 2 0 0 0 Affected population Sick dairy cows.

Outbreak 8 Karama, Sangano, Rwasabwasi, Musyi, Rurenge, Ngoma Date of start of the outbreak 18/05/2018 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Farm Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Cattle 7 7 1 0 0 Affected population Dairy cows which have aborted; one animal died.

Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 8 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Cattle 33 26 2 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Cattle 78.79% 6.06% 7.69% 6.06% *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter

Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection Vectors Epidemiological comments Key interventions in order to contain the spread of the Rift Valley disease: In order to minimize the contact between sick and healthy animals, quarantine measures such as banning the movement of all livestock and livestock products in Ngoma, Kirehe and Kayonza Districts were imposed. In order to minimize the contact between sick and healthy animals, quarantine measures such as banning the movement of all livestock and livestock products in Ngoma, Kirehe and Kayonza Districts were imposed. Targeted vaccination of healthy livestock in the three Districts is underway starting from affected zones and moving to cover the risk area. Vaccination cost is fully covered by the Government of Rwanda. A strong awareness campaign is underway through several Radio (RBA, IZUBA, ISANGO STAR, KT Radio, Huguka, New times, Radio Salus, Communities Radio Nyagatare, Huye..) announcements educating the public on how to avoid further spread of the disease especially people to avoid mosquitoes, sleep under mosquito nets and clear bushes that are hiding and breeding areas for mosquitoes. Advising people to report signs of suspected cases of livestock to veterinarians. Public awareness for people to avoid meat from livestock that show signs of the disease. ? MINAGRI has acquired an acaricide (drug used to control ticks and mosquitoes) that has proved to be very effective and has deployed staff to help farmers spray their livestock paying particular attention to proper mixing, proper application of the acaricide. ? FAO has provided PPEs and sample shipment materials to the National Veterinary Laboratory from the USAID funded emergency stockpiles. ? A total of 237,386 cattle, 22,727 goats and 17,872 sheep were vaccinated which represent 84,6% of the risk area. In addition 457,858 animals( Cattle, goats and sheep ) were sprayed using an acaricide.

Control measures Measures applied Movement control inside the country Vaccination in response to the outbreak (s) Administrative division Species Total Vaccinated Details Bugesera Cattle 17500 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Gakenke Cattle 7165 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Gasabo Cattle 9176 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Gatsibo Cattle 3000 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Gisagara Cattle 7881 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Kamonyi Cattle 29092 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Kayonza Cattle 31916 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Kirehe Cattle 23552 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Muhanga Cattle 7610 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Nyamagabe Cattle 7379 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Nyanza Cattle 17840 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Nyaruguru Cattle 5000 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Ruhango Cattle 7366 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Rulindo Cattle 9478 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Gicumbi Cattle 12503 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Huye Cattle 9050 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Ngoma Cattle 29990 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Nyagatare Cattle 9915 Smithburn (live) KEVEVAPI Surveillance outside containment and/or protection zone Surveillance within containment and/or protection zone Screening Zoning Disinfection Control of vectors Vector surveillance Ante and post-mortem inspections No treatment of affected animals Measures to be applied No other measures

Diagnostic test results Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result National veterinary laboratory of Rubirizi (National laboratory) Cattle IgG-capture ELISA 29/06/2018 Positive National veterinary laboratory of Rubirizi (National laboratory) Cattle IgM-capture ELISA 06/06/2018 Positive

Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

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