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Epidemiology
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"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela -
Translation Google
Joint press briefing organized by the Ministry of Public Health and of Agriculture and Livestock: Alert on the epidemic of '' Fever Rift Valley '' in the health districts Tchintabaraden and Tassara
Press briefing- The Ministry of Public Health and of Agriculture and Livestock organized yesterday afternoon, a joint press conference on the epidemic of '' Rift Valley Fever '' in health districts Tassara and Tchintabaraden. It is the Secretary General of the Ministry of Public Health, Mr. Idrissa Maiga Mahamadou who hosted the briefing in the presence of executives said departments and Resident Representative of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the room meetings of the Ministry of Public Health.
During the briefing, the Secretary General of the Ministry of Health, Mr. Idrissa Maiga Mahamadou explained that the fever Rift Valley, is a viral disease of animal origin that can also infect humans. The disease is transmitted to the animal by mosquito bite '' Aedes and Culex. '' It is transmitted to humans when handling sick animals during the slaughtering or cutting during the farrowing and veterinary interventions or during the disposal of carcasses or fetuses. The man can also be contaminated by consuming unboiled fresh milk from infected animals, or by mosquito bites. Fever Rift Valley is curable if the patient is taken care of early.
According to Mr. Idrissa Maiga Mahamadou, the Regional Directorate of Public Health of Tahoua informed the Ministry of Health August 29, 2016, recording cases of febrile haemorrhagic icterus syndrome in health districts and Tchintabaraden of Tassara. "From August 31, 2016, the Ministry of Health has dispatched the National Intervention Team Fast with the participation of the Ministry of Livestock and technical and financial support of WHO to conduct a investigation, "he said. The SG of the Ministry of Public Health notes that the results of analyzes carried out both in humans and in animals revealed the presence of the virus Fever Rift Valley.
"At today's date, fifty-two (52) people show signs of the disease which unfortunately twenty one (21) lost their lives. Sick people showed major signs are fever, muscle pain, joint pain, abdominal pain, headache, lack of appetite and vomiting, "he explains, adding that severe cases revealed jaundice signs with sometimes vomiting blood, blood in the stool and nosebleeds. Mr. Idrissa Maiga Mahamadou added that in diseased animals, the most common signs are fever, difficulty breathing, hyper salivation, bleeding from the nose, eyes and anus. Added to this abortions in sheep and goats. Regarding cattle, there was a high calf mortality. In addition, the milk of some animals aborted is streaked with blood.
"The government wants to reassure people that all necessary steps are being taken to contain the outbreak with the support of all stakeholders. To face this situation, several strategies have been implemented. It involves strengthening the monitoring, in case management in public awareness about the disease. Also, to limit the spread of the disease, it is important that the recommendations are followed, "argued the Secretary General of the Ministry of Public Health. Among these, Mr. Idrissa Maiga Mahamadou cites among others the restriction on movement of animals infested areas to non-infested areas and vice versa. It also recommends to boil milk before consumption, avoid direct contact and slaughter of sick animals.
What to do: avoid contact with infected animals and restrict movement of the affected areas of those animals to unaffected
The department also advises carefully bury the bodies of dead animals and use of health facilities at the first sign to benefit from treatment. Finally, the Secretary General of the Ministry of Health noted the importance of strengthening the capacity of agents of human and animal health and environmental, that, in the integrated health and communication in the fight against the '' Valley fever Rift '. Mr. Idrissa Maiga Mahamadou appealed to the technical and financial partners to support efforts to prevent and fight against this disease. He also reiterated the importance of staying vigilant to report any suspected cases to health facilities, while respecting the aforementioned preventive measures.
Samira Sabou (onep)
Posted in Society
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela -
Wed Sep 21, 2016 |
Rift Valley Fever outbreak kills 21 in western Niger
By Kieran Guilbert
DAKAR (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Health workers in western Niger are racing to contain an outbreak of Rift Valley fever that has killed at least 21 people over the past month, an aid agency said on Wednesday.
The highly contagious disease, which is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes or close contact with contaminated animals, has infected 52 people in Niger's western region of Tahoua since late August, the country's health ministry said.
The Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA) and Niger's health authorities have opened an emergency treatment center, in the region's hardest-hit district of Tchintabaraden, to look after the infected and stop the disease from spreading.
"Unfortunately, the 52 severe cases officially registered at present only represent the tip of the iceberg," ALIMA's medical coordinator Oumarou Maidadji said in a statement.
READ MORE?Addressing chronic disease is an issue of human rights ? that must be our call to arms"
Richard Horton, Editor-in-Chief The Lancet
~~~~ Twitter:@GertvanderHoek ~~~ GertvanderHoek@gmail.com ~~~Comment
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Translation Google
Epidemic of Fever Rift Valley in Niger: 73 registered cases, including 25 deaths, as of September 26, 2016, according to the relevant departments
Point-of-press roomThe Ministries of Public Health and Livestock animated yesterday afternoon in Niamey, a briefing on the "evolution of the epidemic fever, Rift valley rampant in the health districts and Tchintabaraden Tassara since August 2016 ".
Introduced by the Secretary, Ministry of Health, Mr. Mahamadou Idrissa Ma?ga, in the presence of Dr. Abraham Ezine, Frame Branch Veterinary Services of the Ministry of State for Agriculture and Livestock, this press conference emphasized that "the date of 25 September 2016, the situation is as follows: seventy-three (73) cases registered, twenty-five (25) death. However, we must distinguish two periods in the development of this epidemic. Before the alert, twenty-three (23) cases were recorded including seventeen (17) death is a fatality 74%; from August 29, 2016, following the investigation mission of central services of the ministries of health and livestock, and WHO, was set up a support system. And since then, fifty (50) cases were recorded of which unfortunately eight (8) deaths, a mortality rate of 16%. "
Referring to the management of this epidemic, Dr. Mahamadou Idrissa Ma?ga said she "consisted of support in drugs for symptomatic treatment, capacity building of staff and all this supported by a communication campaign for a change of behavior ".
Unfortunately, revealed Dr. Mahamadou Idrissa Ma?ga, "for that disease, there is no vaccine for humans. By cons, a vaccine exists for animals but vaccination is not recommended during an outbreak at the risk of aggravating the situation. "
After deploring that "some unauthorized sources will help convey unsubstantiated information," Dr. Mahamadou Idrissa Ma?ga urged "the population in respect of the following measures: limiting animal movements from infested areas to non-infected areas and vice versa; boil milk before consumption; avoid direct contact with sick animals; Carefully bury the bodies of dead animals and use of health facilities at the first sign to benefit from treatment. "
Dr. Mahamadou Idrissa Ma?ga has finally given the assurance that a press conference will be hosted by the services every two weeks until the end of the epidemic.
S. S. Manzo (onep)
Posted in Society
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson MandelaComment
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Source: http://www.who.int/csr/don/29-septem...ever-niger/en/
Rift Valley fever in Niger Disease outbreak news
29 September 2016
On 30 August 2016, WHO received reports about unexplained deaths among humans, along with death and abortion in livestock in the North Western parts of Niger, and the areas bordering Mali.
From 2 August to 22 September 2016, 64 human cases including 23 deaths have been reported in Tchintabaraden health district in Tahoua region. The area is mainly populated by nomadic stockbreeders.
Most of the cases are male (62.5%), and work as farmers or animal breeders. In the affected area, an epizootic outbreak is also reported among livestock during the same time duration, including deaths and abortions among cattle and small ruminants.
As of 16 September 2016, 6 of the 13 human specimens tested at Institute Pasteur (IP), Dakar were positive for Rift Valley Fever (RVF). Among the 6 animal specimens tested, 3 were positive for RVF. Sequencing and further laboratory testing is ongoing. Genetic sequence data is required to confirm or refute the endogenous origin of the outbreak. Moreover, laboratory support for Niger is being considered.
Public Health Response
On 31 August, a multisectoral national rapid response team, including members from the Ministry of Health, veterinary services and Centre de Recherche M?dicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), and World Health Organization, was deployed for field investigation. Ministries of Health and Agriculture/Livestock have developed a national response plan.
The WHO Country Office continues to provide technical and financial support for surveillance, outbreak investigation, technical guidelines regarding case definition, case management, shipment of samples and risk communication.
FAO, OIE, and WHO are coordinating on animal and human health and providing additional support to Niger for the outbreak response WHO is working with partners in the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) to coordinate international support for the response. IFRC, and Unicef are supporting outbreak response.
The NGO ALIMA and the Nigerian NGO BEFEN are providing support for case management and social mobilisation on the ground.
Currently, in conjunction with the Ministry of Public Health, an entomological survey is being prepared for urgent implementation with WHO technical and financial support. This is to identify potential vectors for RVF in the region and it is considered to be in the definition of vector control activities.
Currently, some of the main challenges include under-detection of human cases. The risk that only severe cases are being detected and reported cannot be ruled out. There is no national local capacity to test the specimens. For laboratory confirmation for RVF, the samples are being shipped to WHO regional collaborating centres. Moreover, to ascertain the extent of this outbreak, the involvement of the national livestock department is required.
WHO Risk Assessment
Based on the available information, the event risk assessment is ongoing. The risk of further spread of outbreak within Niger and internationally (especially to neighbouring countries and those on the transhumance and migration routes) cannot be ruled out.
Nomadic stockbreeders from Niger and neighbouring countries have just participated in the Cure Sal?e festival, a major annual mass gathering event from 23 to 25 September. During this festival, herds are brought to graze on the salty pastures ahead of the dry season. Around 2 million cattle and even more small ruminants were expected to be part of the event.
At the end of the rainy season, as per known migration patterns, the nomadic human population along with their herds will progressively move to other Southern Sub Saharan countries and irrigation systems along the Niger river where pastures may still be available. In conjunction with the ongoing outbreak, the high density of animals in the area and the transhumance pattern significantly increases the risk of international spread. The security situation in the Sahel is unstable and also needs to be taken into consideration.
Comment
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Translation Google
Niger: the balance sheet of the epidemic of Rift Valley fever rises to 27 deaths
French.china.org.cn | Updated 03-10-2016
The Nigerian Ministry of Health released Sunday afternoon in Niamey a new assessment of the epidemic fever, Rift Valley since last August in the center of the country, which increases to 87 registered cases, including 27 deaths the date of 2 October.
According to the Secretary General of the Ministry of Public Health, Idrissa Maiga Mahamadou, during a press briefing, these deaths were mainly recorded among patients admitted to advanced stage disease.
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"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson MandelaComment
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Source: http://allafrica.com/stories/201610120778.html
10 October 2016
Thomson Reuters Foundation (London)
Niger Rift Valley Fever Outbreak Could Spread Across Borders - Health Experts
By Kieran Guilbert
Dakar ? An outbreak of Rift Valley fever that has killed at least 28 people in western Niger in recent months could spread to neighbouring Mali and Algeria, health officials warned on Monday.
The highly contagious disease, which is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes or close contact with contaminated animals, has infected 90 people in Niger's western region of Tahoua since early August, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
With no specific treatment or effective human vaccine, Rift Valley fever can cause blindness and severe haemorrhaging, leading the victim to vomit blood or even bleed to death.
There is a high risk that the disease could spread to the West African nation's neighbours amid insecurity in the region, the movement of nomadic herdsmen and limited health facilities in the affected areas, the WHO said in a statement...Comment
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Source: http://www.who.int/csr/don/24-novemb...ever-niger/en/
Rift Valley Fever in Niger
Disease outbreak news
24 November 2016
On 30 August, the Ministry of Health in Niger notified WHO of unexplained deaths among humans, along with deaths in livestock in the Tahoua region of Niger. On 23 September, human and animal specimens were tested at the Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD) and were reported positive for Rift Valley Fever (RVF) virus by PCR and for specific IgM antibodies confirming the first outbreak of RVF in Niger. Initially the outbreak was centered in the north west of the country in areas bordering Mali, in particular around Tassara and Tchintabaraden in the Tahoua Region, however suspected cases of RVF have recently been identified in new areas to the north and south of Tchintabaraden.
The outbreak also coincided with the annual Cure Sal?e gathering in Ingall (close to Agadez), Tahoua region, where nomadic stockbreeders from Niger and surrounding countries gather with their animals. It is estimated that around 2 million cattle and smaller ruminants were in the affected area during the beginning of the outbreak. Furthermore, there were reports of waves of abortions and deaths among livestock in Boni-Bangou in Niger while human RVF suspected cases and animals were confirmed with specific IgM in the neighbouring region of Menaka in Mali.
From 8 August to 21 November, 266 suspected human cases including 32 deaths have been reported from Abalak, Keita, Madaoua, Tilia, Tassara, Tahoua department and Tchintabaraden in the Tahoua Region. From 8 August to 18 November, 196 specimens were tested and 17 patients were confirmed positive by RVF PCR and/or serological identification of IgM antibodies. Further testing of RVF negative specimens is being performed at IPD.
Given that more than 90% of the samples were tested negative for a recent RVF infection (IgG, PCR negative) and the increasing proportion of house wives and children affected there is a need to broaden the investigation to identify possible other underlying cause(s). In this regard an adapted investigation protocol is currently being developed which includes infectious and non-infectious diseases as well as chemicals and toxins.
Public Health Response- Support has been provided by WHO to the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Niger for carrying out the initial investigation for confirmation of the outbreak and notification in accordance with the provision of the International Health Regulations.
- A joint field mission of the MoH and Ministry of Livestock (MoL) was conducted to the affected areas during the first week of October to participate in the ongoing outbreak investigations, ensure prevention and control measures are being implemented and to begin community engagement regarding RVF.
- Laboratory testing and training of personnel at Centre de Recherche M?dicale et Sanitaire (CERMES) was initiated by experts from IPD.
- GOARN, with the support of partners has deployed laboratory experts from Institute Pasteur Dakar to enhance laboratory capacity in Niamey, Niger. Specifically, they tested specimens and trained six local experts on lab testing (serology).
- Personnel have been deployed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Crisis Management Centre to participate in a joint field outbreak investigation, supporting the MoH and MoL, and in response activities.
- Engagement of the regional AFR-EDPLN has been initiated to support the enhancement of laboratory capacity in neighbouring countries.
- Reinforcement and replenishing of laboratory reagents and supplies has been facilitated by WHO African region.
- Provision of triple packaging for specimen transport has been facilitated by WHO African region.
- A comprehensive outbreak investigation protocol is being developed by WHO country office with support from WHO headquarters and African region.
- Funds are being mobilized to implement critical response activities in the areas of surveillance, laboratory, risk communication entomology.
- Engagement with nongovernmental organizations in the field (Alima/ l?ONG BEFEN/ Red Cross) who are assisting with case management and sensitization of communities is continuing also supported by UNICEF.
- Deployed entomological experts from IPD in conjunction with MoH National entomologist conducted a comprehensive field investigation. Field specimens collected were all negative for RVF virus.
- The deployment of additional personnel, by WHO African region and GOARN to support the MoH in implementing outbreak and response activities, specifically in the areas of epidemiological investigation surveillance and response, case management, risk communication and social mobilisation activities in the country is in process.
- Considering the generalized signs and symptoms of RVF in the human population, suspected cases presenting to health facilities should also be tested for Malaria by rapid diagnostic tests.
WHO Risk Assessment
Since October 2016, the epidemiological situation has evolved. Since August 2016, out of 196 specimen tested, only 17 patients have been confirmed with RVF, including 2 confirmed in November 2016 and 2 in October 2016. The epidemiological data are showing that the RVF outbreak amplitude is modest.
The spread of the RVF outbreak to previously unaffected areas should still be monitored as the health infrastructure is limited and the areas and populations dispersed along the stock routes.
The stockbreeder population is highly mobile and moves along stock routes to find pasture for their herds in the Sahel region that incorporates a number of neighbouring countries. The RVF outbreak caused concern and posed a serious public health threat in Niger as the health infrastructure is limited and populations are dispersed along the stock routes. Surrounding countries previously considered at risk including Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Chad, Benin, Togo and Cameroon have not reported any RVF cases.
Although there is no indication at this point in time for an infectious disease which is easily spreading between humans there is a need to broaden the investigation to identify additional causing aetiologies as this would have an influence on the necessary response and control activities.
WHO Advice
Any trade measures with regards to imports and exports of live animals from affected areas, or their products (meat or milk) should follow the ?Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2016? of the OIE.
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