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Cote d’Ivoire - Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 isolated from environmental sample from Jacob Site, Abidjan

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  • Cote d’Ivoire - Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 isolated from environmental sample from Jacob Site, Abidjan

    WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
    AND OTHER EMERGENCIES
    Week 44: 28 October - 3 November 2019
    Data as reported by: 17:00; 3 November 2019

    (Page 8)

    C?te d’Ivoire Poliomyelitis

    (cVDPV2) Ungraded 29-Oct-19 29-Oct-19 29-Oct-19 - - - -

    On 28 October 2019, a cVDPV2 was isolated from an environmental sample collected on 24 September 2019 from Jacob city, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. The isolated cVDPV2 is linked to a virus detected in Niger in 2018 that belongs to the Jigawa emergence group, which has previously also been detected in Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Benin, Ghana, and Togo. Moreover, the isolated virus has undergone 17 nucleotide changes.
    The area has not been participating in previous mOPV2 response campaign.

    "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
    -Nelson Mandela

  • #2
    WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
    AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

    Week 46: 11 - 17 November 2019
    Data as reported by: 17:00; 17 November 2019

    Circulating vaccine-derived
    poliovirus type 2 C?te d’Ivoire


    EVENT DESCRIPTION

    On 28 October 2019, WHO was notified of an environmental
    sample from Cote d’Ivoire that tested positive for circulating
    vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2). The virus was
    isolated from a wastewater sample collected as part of
    environmental surveillance on 24 September 2019, at Jacob
    Site, Boribana district, Abidjan. Tests conducted at the National
    Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) Laboratory in South
    Africa detected the virus, which has undergone 17 nucleotide
    changes and is linked to a virus detected in Magaria district,
    Niger in 2018 thus indicating circulation. The virus belongs to
    the Jigawa emergence group which has also been detected in
    Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Benin, Ghana, and Togo.

    The last wild poliovirus was reported in 2011 and this is the first
    report of a positive cVDPV2 environmental sample from Cote
    d’Ivoire. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) immunization coverage
    across the country was 67% in 2018. The affected area had not
    previously participated in the monovalent oral poliovirus type 2
    (mOPV2) campaign.

    PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

    The National Management Committee for Epidemic Response
    with technical advice from WHO and partners convened to
    review the situation and adapt strategies in response to the
    event.

    An investigation team has been deployed to the affected area
    and a high-level joint field mission to assess the situation in
    the area took place on 11 November 2019.

    Two rounds of reactive immunization campaigns using
    mOPV2 have been planned. However, implementation of the
    plan has been delayed in favour of strengthening surveillance
    for Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) as well as environmental
    monitoring.

    Epidemiological surveillance for poliovirus is being
    strengthened through intensification of active case search
    for AFP cases, refresher training of health workers on case
    definitions, training of surveillance focal points on the use
    of open data kit (ODK) platforms to enhance early reporting
    of suspected cases, and expansion of AFP surveillance
    reporting sites to 12 additional private health facilities. A plan
    is also being developed for visiting priority sites.

    Routine immunization outreaches at market places and
    other settings continue and community-based surveillance
    activities have been integrated with these activities to identify
    potential AFP cases.

    SITUATION INTERPRETATION

    Circulating vaccine-derived virus type 2 continues to be reported across the African
    region with C?te d’Ivoire being among the latest countries to report a positive
    environmental sample. The country introduced IPV in 2015 but immunization
    coverage has been low with limited stock of the vaccine for a protracted period
    from 2017 to 2018. According to the WHO-UNICEF routine immunization
    coverage estimates, IPV coverage was estimated to be 67% in 2018. The quality
    of supplementary immunization activities has also been sub-optimal in some of the
    districts in the city of Abidjan. WHO continues to emphasize the need to strengthen
    surveillance for AFP cases in order to rapidly detect any new virus importation and
    to facilitate a rapid response as well as maintain high levels of routine immunization
    coverage across the country to minimize the consequences of any new introduction
    of the virus.


    The WHO Health Emergencies Programme is currently monitoring 64 events in the region. This week’s main articles cover key new and ongoing events, including: Yellow fever in Nigeria Cholera in Burundi Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in Côte d’Ivoire Ebola virus disease in Democratic Republic of the Congo.
    "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
    -Nelson Mandela

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